The document discusses the history and definitions of short films. It provides background on some pioneering short film directors from the late 19th century like Louis Le Prince and Etienne-Marey. Many famous modern directors like Martin Scorsese, Tim Burton, and Ridley Scott got their start making short films. Short films have historically been a venue for new directors and techniques to emerge but often do not receive widespread recognition. However, platforms like YouTube are helping more short films gain audiences globally.

2. The whole definition of a short film is the idea of a film not being long enough to be featured or
considered as a normal film, especially why the duration of a normal film is from 1-2hours long
or beyond that amount of time from the films that are produced today with the help of the whole
advanced technology. No consensus exists as to where that boundary is drawn: the Academy of
Motion Picture Arts and Sciences defines a short film as “an original motion picture that has a
running time of 40 minutes or less, including all credits”. The term featurette originally applied to
a film longer than a short subject, but shorter than a standard feature film.
The world's earliest surviving motion-
picture film, showing actual
consecutive action is called Roundhay
Garden Scene which was released in
1888. It's a short film directed by
French inventor Louis Le Prince.
While it's just 2.11 seconds long, it is
technically a under the title of being
recognised as a short film.

3. Etienne-Jules Marey was a French
scientist, physiologist and a
chronophotographer and also known
for being a director of photography.
He made a photographic gun called
the “Chronophotographic gun”. The
gun captures 12 consecutive frames
per second. He made high speed
films which produced 60 images
per second.
Louis Aime Augustin Le Prince was
a French inventor who shot the first
moving pictures on paper film using
a single camera lens. He has been
heralded as the ‘Father of
Cinematography’. Edison got credit
for his work because he
disappeared.
The Lumiere brothers, Auguste Marie Louis
Nicolas and Louis Jean, were among the
first/earliest filmmakers in history. They
invented cinematography on the 13th February
19895 and their first footage was filmed on the
19th March. The first 10 films they created
were no longer than a minute. They created a
short film named “L’arrive d’un train agre de la
ciotat”which was one of there first films to be
played in the cinema in 1896. They invented
the “autochrome Lumiere”in 1903 which
launched in the market in 1907.
Porter is known for being an American
pioneer. His work includes his most films,
‘Life of an American Fireman’ and ‘The
great train robbery’. His films were silent
and he was one of the most famous
directors of his are. He was most famous
for being a producer, director, studio
manager and cinematographer with Edison
Manufacturing Company and the Famous
Players Film Company.

4. Charlie Chaplin was a film maker,
comedian, screenplay writer, composer
editor and director and featured in the
majority of his films. He’s films are all in
black and white with no speech just
moving action and background sound. He
is famous for his slapstick films. He co-
founded ‘united artists’in 1919 so h had
complete control over the films he made.
In the early 1930’s when the silent era
was ending, Chaplin refused to use
dialogue still as he preferred silent films.
Luis Bunuel was a Spanish
filmmaker and made his first film
was made in 1928 and was
described as ‘the most famous
short film ever made' by critics, this
lead to him winning the best
director award.
The “new wave”is a term that covers a
group of French filmmakers by critics in
the late 50s to 60s. They were famous
for their fragmented, discontinued
editing and long takes. The film ‘400
blows' was the defining film of the New
Wave era, This was made by Francois
Truffaut who was an icon of the French
film industry.
Martin Scorsese is an American
director. He is also known for being a
producer, actor and screen writer. He is
mostly known for ‘Taxi' and ‘Good
Fella’s’. He started off by making short
films, with his most famous being ‘the
big shave' in 1967. He has been
named one of the greatest directors of
all time and has won Grammy, golden
globe , BAFTA and an Emmy.

5. There are many short film festivals which are
held all around the world, however one of the
most established one is the ‘Sundance film
festival’. It was founded in 1978 by Sterling Van
Wagenen and is the largest independent film
festival in the U.S. Its well known for its ‘artsy’
filmmakers to show off to the world their talents.
The short films usually don’t get a lot of
recognition, however the use of new technologies
allows people from over the world to be an
audience of them via the internet.
Ridley Scott is a well known film
director and producer and is best
known for his work on ‘Alien’. And
‘Blade Runner’. His atmospheric, highly
concentrated style influenced many
other directors, including some that
have made a short film parody for
‘Alien’. Some of his achievements
include an Oscar for 'Gladiator' and a
knighthood from the queen for his
service to the British film industry.
Film director, producer, writer, poet,
artist and animator, Tim Burton puts a
dark, gothic and quirky take on horrors
and fantasy. He was involved with the
likes of 'Edward scissorhands', 'Sweeney
Todd', 'Batman returns' and 'Charlie and
the Chocolate Factory'. Tim was
famously fired by Disney and started off
by making 13 short films.
Ashvin Kumar is an independent Indian
filmmaker, who has written, directed and
produced a wide range of films,
including the documentaries Inshallah,
Kashmir and Inshallah Football. He is
also the youngest Indian writer/ director
with an Oscar nomination in 2005.

6. Christopher Edward Nolan is a
British-American film director,
producer and screenwriter. He is one
of the highest-grossing directors in
history and among the most
successful and acclaimed filmmakers
of the 21st century. He is most
known for directing ‘Inception' which
was nominated for an Oscar in 2010.
Jason Reitman is a Canadian-
American film director, screenwriter,
and producer, best known for
directing the films Thank You for
Smoking, Juno, Up in the Air, and
Young Adult. He's probably most
recognised for his acting in
'ghostbusters 2' and directed 'The
Office', He's made a short film 'In
God we trust' in 2011.
You can literally access anything related in film/videos on
YouTube almost instantly and on demand, whether it be on
a tablet, iPad, android phone, iPhone or smart tv. YouTube
launched an online short film festival which was aimed at
acknowledging fresh talent. The process included having 10
winners which were sent to the Venice film festival and out
in to the running of winning a $500,000 prize. YouTube
decided to launch the festival in an attempt to 'rebrand'
themselves and maintain their status as number 1
destination for video on demand.