Wiener Aktionismus und Aktionstheater in MünchenThomas Dreher
The Power Point Presentation of the lecture "Vienna Actionism and Action Theater in Munich", Akademie der Bildenden Künste München, 26th January 2015: URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/discuss/lisforen/dreheraktion.html
History of Computer Art V, Computer AnimationThomas Dreher
This document provides an overview of the history of computer animation from the 1960s through the 1990s. It summarizes key pioneering works from researchers like Sutherland, Csuri, and Fetter who created some of the first computer animated films and drawings. It also highlights how computer animation was used in early movies from Westworld to Star Wars to Tron. The document features screenshots and images from these early computer animated works and films to illustrate the evolution of the field from basic 2D animations to 3D modeling and rendering techniques.
This document provides an overview of the history of net art from the 1960s to the early 2000s. It traces the evolution from early computer networks developed for communication and resource sharing to the rise of the internet and web-based art. Key developments discussed include the first online artworks and collaborations in the 1980s, early hypertext systems, browser-based net art in the 1990s, and activist digital art projects. The document presents these topics through images and descriptions of seminal artworks, technologies, and artists that helped establish net art as a new artistic medium.
History of Computer Art VI, Music Videos and DemosceneThomas Dreher
This document provides an overview of the history of computer art in music videos and the demoscene from the 1970s-1980s. It showcases early examples of music videos that utilized computer animation and graphics systems to create visuals for songs. This includes some of the first music videos to incorporate 3D computer animation. It also highlights productions from the demoscene, which created impressive real-time graphics and coding displays for computers like the Commodore 64 and Amiga. A bibliography is included to provide more context for the sources cited in the captions.
This document summarizes the history and development of electronic music from early pioneers like Ferruccio Busoni in the early 20th century to modern artists using generative and algorithmic composition techniques. It covers major genres and artists in electronic music like the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, Kraftwerk, Brian Eno, Jean Michel Jarre, Depeche Mode, Bjork, and Ryoji Ikeda. It also discusses early computer-generated music by David Cope's EMI and Emily Howell systems and debates around whether machines can truly compose music that expresses emotion.
Wiener Aktionismus und Aktionstheater in MünchenThomas Dreher
The Power Point Presentation of the lecture "Vienna Actionism and Action Theater in Munich", Akademie der Bildenden Künste München, 26th January 2015: URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/discuss/lisforen/dreheraktion.html
History of Computer Art V, Computer AnimationThomas Dreher
This document provides an overview of the history of computer animation from the 1960s through the 1990s. It summarizes key pioneering works from researchers like Sutherland, Csuri, and Fetter who created some of the first computer animated films and drawings. It also highlights how computer animation was used in early movies from Westworld to Star Wars to Tron. The document features screenshots and images from these early computer animated works and films to illustrate the evolution of the field from basic 2D animations to 3D modeling and rendering techniques.
This document provides an overview of the history of net art from the 1960s to the early 2000s. It traces the evolution from early computer networks developed for communication and resource sharing to the rise of the internet and web-based art. Key developments discussed include the first online artworks and collaborations in the 1980s, early hypertext systems, browser-based net art in the 1990s, and activist digital art projects. The document presents these topics through images and descriptions of seminal artworks, technologies, and artists that helped establish net art as a new artistic medium.
History of Computer Art VI, Music Videos and DemosceneThomas Dreher
This document provides an overview of the history of computer art in music videos and the demoscene from the 1970s-1980s. It showcases early examples of music videos that utilized computer animation and graphics systems to create visuals for songs. This includes some of the first music videos to incorporate 3D computer animation. It also highlights productions from the demoscene, which created impressive real-time graphics and coding displays for computers like the Commodore 64 and Amiga. A bibliography is included to provide more context for the sources cited in the captions.
This document summarizes the history and development of electronic music from early pioneers like Ferruccio Busoni in the early 20th century to modern artists using generative and algorithmic composition techniques. It covers major genres and artists in electronic music like the BBC Radiophonic Workshop, Kraftwerk, Brian Eno, Jean Michel Jarre, Depeche Mode, Bjork, and Ryoji Ikeda. It also discusses early computer-generated music by David Cope's EMI and Emily Howell systems and debates around whether machines can truly compose music that expresses emotion.
History of Computer Art IV, Video ToolsThomas Dreher
Illustrations of an elder Version of the "History of Computer Art",
chap. IV.1, URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA-IV.1e.html
Updated slide show with more early video tools: URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA%20IV%20Video%20Tools.pdf
The history of video games began in the late 1940s with early missile defense systems that were later adapted into simple games. In the 1950s and 1960s, more computer games were developed on mainframe computers. In 1958, Tennis for Two was created using an oscilloscope and was one of the first electronic video games. Spacewar, created in 1961, was influential as one of the earliest computer games. In the 1970s, arcade video games became popular with the release of games like Computer Space and Galaxy Game. The golden age of arcade games began in the late 1970s with the success of Space Invaders. Early home consoles also emerged in this period including the Magnavox Odyssey and the Atari 2600.
Curating new media in a gaming room, Transmediale 2003Isabelle Arvers
This conference was given at Transmediale in 2003 about Playtime, the gaming room of Villette Numerique, it explains why I confrontated video and computer games from the past from the present and created by artists.
The 1990s saw the rise of 3D graphics and first-person shooter games. Doom, released in 1993, was influential as one of the first hugely popular 3D FPS games. It combined free 3D movement with fast-paced shooting action and helped establish conventions for the genre. Another influential 1990s game was Civilization, a turn-based strategy game released in 1991 that involved building civilizations over thousands of years and competing with others. These games represented a shift toward more immersive and adult-oriented gaming experiences.
This document outlines important events and inventions in the history of computing from 1936 to 1985. It describes the first programmable computer created by Konrad Zuse in 1936, the first commercial computer (UNIVAC) from 1951, the invention of the transistor in 1947 which greatly impacted computer development, the creation of the first programming language (FORTRAN) in 1954, and the invention of the microprocessor in 1971. It highlights the development of early consumer computers in the 1970s and the introduction of graphical user interfaces and windows with the Apple Lisa in 1982 and Macintosh in 1984.
From Bytes to BrushstrokesA Short History of ComputerJeanmarieColbert3
From Bytes to Brushstrokes:
A Short History of Computer Art and Illustration:
By Elio L. Arteaga, graduate student:
Florida Atlantic University:
The computer is the first and only general-purpose machine. Its functionality depends entirely on the software written for it. As new software is written, the computer is able to do more and more. Computers will do things in the future we cannot anticipate today. Human creativity is the driving force behind this technology.
By Professor Elio Arteaga
From Bytes to Brushstrokes: A Short History of Computer Art and Illustration
By Elio L. Arteaga, graduate student/FAU
The computer is the first and only general-purpose machine. Its functionality depends entirely on the software written for it. As new software is written, the computer is able to do more and more. Computers will do things in the future we cannot anticipate today. Human creativity is the driving force behind this technology.
The first machine for storing and “printing” graphics was invented over 200 years ago! In 1804, Frenchman Joseph-Marie Jacquard invented the Jacquard Loom, the first automatic machine for weaving intricate patterns in fabrics.
In 1804, Frenchman Joseph-Marie Jacquard invented the Jacquard Loom, the first automatic machine for weaving intricate patterns in fabrics.
The Jacquard Loom. Lost Artist—The Discovery of Lost Works of Art [Web Site].
http://www.orat.ilstu.edu/~cmkukla/jacquard_loom/JacJacuard.htm
An artist translated images into grids of discrete pixels (analogous to the way scanners translate images into pixels today), and stored sequences of instructions onto punched cards (analogous to saving your work on a disk).
An artist translated images into grids of discrete pixels (analogous to the way scanners translate images into pixels today), and stored sequences of instructions onto punched cards (analogous to saving your work on a disk).
http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/jacquard.html
Basket of Plenty, tapestry woven on Jacquard Loom.
Following are examples of Jaquard tapestries that can be mass-produced by storing their patterns in a system of punched cards.
Basket of Plenty, tapestry woven on Jacquard Loom.
http://www.accentonrugs.com/catalogue/worl/tmt-Thumb.00005.html
Indiscretion, tapestry woven on Jacquard Loom.
Indiscretion, tapestry woven on Jacquard Loom.
http://www.accentonrugs.com/catalogue/worl/tmt-Thumb.00005.html
Peacock, tapestry woven on Jacquard Loom.
Peacock, tapestry woven on Jacquard Loom.
http://www.accentonrugs.com/catalogue/worl/tmt-Thumb.00005.html
In 1822, Charles Babbage invented the difference engine, for calculating mathematical problems. The difference engine’s capabilities of input, storage, processing and output were carried out mechanically, before electric circuits or electronic tubes were even invented.
In 1822, Charles Babbage invented the difference engine, for calculating mathematical problems. The difference engine’s capabilities o ...
The 1970s introduced the first video games. Pong, created by Ralph Baer and released in 1972, was one of the earliest and most influential video games. It was a simple two-player tennis game that introduced players to basic video game concepts like controls and scoring. Space Invaders, released in 1978, was another influential early video game. It was one of the first "shooter" games and helped drive the popularity of arcade gaming. These early 1970s games laid the foundation for the evolution of video games.
A (very) Brief History of the ComputerDavid Mackey
This presentation highlights the historical background of key people and milestones that has brought us the modern general purpose electronic computer.
Dan Graham/Jeff Wall: Children's Pavilion, 1986-89Thomas Dreher
This chain of illustrations is made for the readers of the article "Dan Graham: Sculptural Models as Bridgeable
Historical Metaphors" (p.19f.). URL: http://dreher.netzliteratur.net/9_KontextKunst_Graham_Modelle.pdf
Cybernetics and the Pioneers of Computer ArtThomas Dreher
Lecture on "Cybernetics and the Pioneers of Computer Art" (Sprengel Museum Hannover, 16th October 2016):
In German: URL: http://dreher.netzliteratur.net/4_Medienkunst_Kybernetik.html
In English: URL: http://dreher.netzliteratur.net/4_Medienkunst_Kybernetike.html
Illustrations of the "History of Computer Art",
chap. II.1, URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA-II.1e.html
chap. II.2, URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA-II.2e.html
This is the Power Point Presentation of the lecture "Aktionstheater als Provokation: groteske Körperkonzeption im Wiener Aktionismus", Staatsgalerie Stuttgart 2009, URL: http://dreher.netzliteratur.net/2_Performance_Aktionismus.html
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka KALYAN MATKA | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA TIPS | SATTA MATKA | MATKA.COM | MATKA PANA JODI TODAY | BATTA SATKA | MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER | MATKA RESULTS | MATKA CHART | MATKA JODI | SATTA COM | FULL RATE GAME | MATKA GAME | MATKA WAPKA | ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA RESULT | DPBOSS MATKA 143 | MAIN MATKA
History of Computer Art IV, Video ToolsThomas Dreher
Illustrations of an elder Version of the "History of Computer Art",
chap. IV.1, URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA-IV.1e.html
Updated slide show with more early video tools: URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA%20IV%20Video%20Tools.pdf
The history of video games began in the late 1940s with early missile defense systems that were later adapted into simple games. In the 1950s and 1960s, more computer games were developed on mainframe computers. In 1958, Tennis for Two was created using an oscilloscope and was one of the first electronic video games. Spacewar, created in 1961, was influential as one of the earliest computer games. In the 1970s, arcade video games became popular with the release of games like Computer Space and Galaxy Game. The golden age of arcade games began in the late 1970s with the success of Space Invaders. Early home consoles also emerged in this period including the Magnavox Odyssey and the Atari 2600.
Curating new media in a gaming room, Transmediale 2003Isabelle Arvers
This conference was given at Transmediale in 2003 about Playtime, the gaming room of Villette Numerique, it explains why I confrontated video and computer games from the past from the present and created by artists.
The 1990s saw the rise of 3D graphics and first-person shooter games. Doom, released in 1993, was influential as one of the first hugely popular 3D FPS games. It combined free 3D movement with fast-paced shooting action and helped establish conventions for the genre. Another influential 1990s game was Civilization, a turn-based strategy game released in 1991 that involved building civilizations over thousands of years and competing with others. These games represented a shift toward more immersive and adult-oriented gaming experiences.
This document outlines important events and inventions in the history of computing from 1936 to 1985. It describes the first programmable computer created by Konrad Zuse in 1936, the first commercial computer (UNIVAC) from 1951, the invention of the transistor in 1947 which greatly impacted computer development, the creation of the first programming language (FORTRAN) in 1954, and the invention of the microprocessor in 1971. It highlights the development of early consumer computers in the 1970s and the introduction of graphical user interfaces and windows with the Apple Lisa in 1982 and Macintosh in 1984.
From Bytes to BrushstrokesA Short History of ComputerJeanmarieColbert3
From Bytes to Brushstrokes:
A Short History of Computer Art and Illustration:
By Elio L. Arteaga, graduate student:
Florida Atlantic University:
The computer is the first and only general-purpose machine. Its functionality depends entirely on the software written for it. As new software is written, the computer is able to do more and more. Computers will do things in the future we cannot anticipate today. Human creativity is the driving force behind this technology.
By Professor Elio Arteaga
From Bytes to Brushstrokes: A Short History of Computer Art and Illustration
By Elio L. Arteaga, graduate student/FAU
The computer is the first and only general-purpose machine. Its functionality depends entirely on the software written for it. As new software is written, the computer is able to do more and more. Computers will do things in the future we cannot anticipate today. Human creativity is the driving force behind this technology.
The first machine for storing and “printing” graphics was invented over 200 years ago! In 1804, Frenchman Joseph-Marie Jacquard invented the Jacquard Loom, the first automatic machine for weaving intricate patterns in fabrics.
In 1804, Frenchman Joseph-Marie Jacquard invented the Jacquard Loom, the first automatic machine for weaving intricate patterns in fabrics.
The Jacquard Loom. Lost Artist—The Discovery of Lost Works of Art [Web Site].
http://www.orat.ilstu.edu/~cmkukla/jacquard_loom/JacJacuard.htm
An artist translated images into grids of discrete pixels (analogous to the way scanners translate images into pixels today), and stored sequences of instructions onto punched cards (analogous to saving your work on a disk).
An artist translated images into grids of discrete pixels (analogous to the way scanners translate images into pixels today), and stored sequences of instructions onto punched cards (analogous to saving your work on a disk).
http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/jacquard.html
Basket of Plenty, tapestry woven on Jacquard Loom.
Following are examples of Jaquard tapestries that can be mass-produced by storing their patterns in a system of punched cards.
Basket of Plenty, tapestry woven on Jacquard Loom.
http://www.accentonrugs.com/catalogue/worl/tmt-Thumb.00005.html
Indiscretion, tapestry woven on Jacquard Loom.
Indiscretion, tapestry woven on Jacquard Loom.
http://www.accentonrugs.com/catalogue/worl/tmt-Thumb.00005.html
Peacock, tapestry woven on Jacquard Loom.
Peacock, tapestry woven on Jacquard Loom.
http://www.accentonrugs.com/catalogue/worl/tmt-Thumb.00005.html
In 1822, Charles Babbage invented the difference engine, for calculating mathematical problems. The difference engine’s capabilities of input, storage, processing and output were carried out mechanically, before electric circuits or electronic tubes were even invented.
In 1822, Charles Babbage invented the difference engine, for calculating mathematical problems. The difference engine’s capabilities o ...
The 1970s introduced the first video games. Pong, created by Ralph Baer and released in 1972, was one of the earliest and most influential video games. It was a simple two-player tennis game that introduced players to basic video game concepts like controls and scoring. Space Invaders, released in 1978, was another influential early video game. It was one of the first "shooter" games and helped drive the popularity of arcade gaming. These early 1970s games laid the foundation for the evolution of video games.
A (very) Brief History of the ComputerDavid Mackey
This presentation highlights the historical background of key people and milestones that has brought us the modern general purpose electronic computer.
Dan Graham/Jeff Wall: Children's Pavilion, 1986-89Thomas Dreher
This chain of illustrations is made for the readers of the article "Dan Graham: Sculptural Models as Bridgeable
Historical Metaphors" (p.19f.). URL: http://dreher.netzliteratur.net/9_KontextKunst_Graham_Modelle.pdf
Cybernetics and the Pioneers of Computer ArtThomas Dreher
Lecture on "Cybernetics and the Pioneers of Computer Art" (Sprengel Museum Hannover, 16th October 2016):
In German: URL: http://dreher.netzliteratur.net/4_Medienkunst_Kybernetik.html
In English: URL: http://dreher.netzliteratur.net/4_Medienkunst_Kybernetike.html
Illustrations of the "History of Computer Art",
chap. II.1, URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA-II.1e.html
chap. II.2, URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA-II.2e.html
This is the Power Point Presentation of the lecture "Aktionstheater als Provokation: groteske Körperkonzeption im Wiener Aktionismus", Staatsgalerie Stuttgart 2009, URL: http://dreher.netzliteratur.net/2_Performance_Aktionismus.html
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Indian Matka KALYAN MATKA | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA TIPS | SATTA MATKA | MATKA.COM | MATKA PANA JODI TODAY | BATTA SATKA | MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER | MATKA RESULTS | MATKA CHART | MATKA JODI | SATTA COM | FULL RATE GAME | MATKA GAME | MATKA WAPKA | ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE | MATKA RESULT | KALYAN MATKA RESULT | DPBOSS MATKA 143 | MAIN MATKA
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A Brief Introduction About Hanying Chen_Hanying Chen
Vancouver-based artist Hanying Chen boasts extensive skills in writing, directing, producing, and singing, reflecting her diverse talents in the performing arts. As she looks ahead, Hanying is driven to craft a fulfilling career path that harmonizes with her deep passion for artistic expression. In the coming years, she envisions cultivating a balanced life, blending her professional aspirations with her desire to foster meaningful connections in her vibrant urban community.
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History of Computer Art X, Computer and Video Games
1. 1
History of Computer Art
Part X: Computer and Video Games
Seminar, 28nd April 2014
Danube University Krems
Department for Arts and Image Science
MediaArtHistories: Masters of Art
Thomas Dreher
URL: http://dreher.netzliteratur.net
URL: http://iasl.uni-
muenchen.de/links/GCA_Indexe.html
2. 2
Early Computer Games (I)
Left and Middle: Condon, Edward U./Derr, Willard A./Gereld L.
Tawney: Nimatron, 1940.
Left: Realisation by the Westinghouse Electric &
Manufacturing Company, spring 1940, New York World´s Fair
(source: The American Mathematical Monthly. Vol 49. January
1942, p.42ss.)
Image source: URL: http://www.goodeveca.net/nimrod/nimatron.html
Middle: Illustration of U.S. Patent 2,215,544.
Image source: URL:
http://www.1939nyworldsfair.com/ftp/MACHINE_TO_PLAY_GAME_OF_NI
M.pdf
Right: Redheffer, Raymond: Nim, box realised in
using blue plexiglass, signed with "Raymond
Redheffer MIT" (film by Mike Mozart, including
some not quite correct informations according to
the current level of knowledge).
Image source: URL:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NWnmvMOqS0
3. 3
Early Computer Games (II)
Left and Middle: Bennett, John/Stuart-
Williams, Raymond: Ferranti Nimrod, 1951.
Left, top and bottom: Industrial Exhibition,
fair grounds, Charlottenburg/Berlin, opening
day 6th October 1951, Federal Minister of
Economic Affairs Ludwig Erhard (left bottom,
at the centre) plays against Nimrod and
looses three times (Borchers: Jahre 2001.
Source of the images: Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum,
Paderborn. URL:
http://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Vor-50-
Jahren-fing-alles-an-das-erste-Elektronenhirn-in-
Deutschland-51722.html).
Middle: Exhibition of Science, Science
Museum, South Kensington/London, Part of
the Festival of Great Britain, London 1951.
Image source: URL: http://goodeveca.net/nimrod/
UR
Right, bottom: Goldsmith Jr., Thomas
T./Grove,Cedar/Mann, Estle Ray: Cathode
Ray Tube Amusement Device. U.S. Patent
#2,455,992. 1948, Sheets 1 and 2, fig.1 -
4.
Image source: URL: http://www.pong-
story.com/2455992.pdf
4. 4
Early Computer Games (III)
UR
Left: Douglas, Alexander S.: Tic Tac Toe, 1949, game for the
Mainframe Computer EDSAC (illustration: Tic Tac Toe in the EDSAC
emulator). Image source: URL:
http://img.index.hu/cikkepek/0506/tech//oxo.jpg
Right, top and bottom: Higinbotham, William: Tennis for
Two, 1958, Systron Donner Analog Computer,
Germanium transistors, oscillograph (diameter: 5
inches), 2 boxes with turning knobs and press keys.
Exhibited at the visitor´s day of the Instrumentation
Division at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, U.S.
Department of Energy, Upton/Long Island ("Tennis for
Two" is presented enlarged in the wider circle. Image
source: Brookhaven National Laboratory).
Image sources: Right, top: URL:
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/2732
8345#.UHa_rY56STs
Right, bottom: URL:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
s2E9iSQfGdg
5. 5
Early Computer Games (IV)
Left and right: Edwards, Dan/Graetz, Martin J./Kotok,
Alan/Russell, Stephen R./Sampson, Peter/Wytanen,
Wayne: Spacewar!, 1962, computer game for the
minicomputer PDP-1, screen with two spaceships.
Left: Monitor.
Image source: URL: http://medienwissenschaft.uni-
bayreuth.de/assets/Uploads/Koubek/forschung/KoubekSpielegesc
hichte.pdf
Right: console.
Image source: URL: http://spacewar.zorg.org/origins-of-
spacewar.php
6. 6
Arcade Games and Consoles (I)
Baer, Ralph: Tennis,
one of the twelve
games included in the
Odyssey Home
Entertainment System,
Magnavox, 1972.
Players with the
console being
connected to the TV.
Image source:
http://www.pong-
mythos.net/index.php?lg=de
&main=Odyssey-1972-
&site=01:01:02
UR
Bushnell, Nolan: Computer Space, Nutting
Associates, 1971, arcade game.
Left: the case. Image source: URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nutting_ComputerSpace
-Blue.JPG
Right: the screen. Image source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nutting_ComputerSpace
-Blue-Screen.JPG
Nishikado, Tomohiro: Space Invaders, Taito,
1979, arcade game. Image source: URL:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QObneYZIdKI
7. 7
Arcade Games and Consoles (II)
Top, Left and middle: Rains, Lyle/Logg, Ed: Asteroids, Atari, 1979,
arcade game. Image source: URL:
http://www.retroland.com/asteroids/#.U2f0B2tsHc0
Alcorn, Allan: Pong, Atari. Bottom, left and middle: arcade
game, 1972. Image sources: left: screenshot, URL:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nu_L8uEzJw#t=221; middle: by
ProhibitOnions, URL:
http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:PongVideoGameCabinet.j
Top, right: Alcorn, Allan/Brown,
Bob/Lee, Harold: Home Pong,
Atari, 1975, game console.
Image source: URL:
http://www.pong-
mythos.net/index.php?lg=de&main=
Atari_Home_Pong&site=01:01:04
8. 8
Ego Shooter (I)
Colley, Steve/Palmer, Howard/Thompson, Greg: Maze
War, 1973-74, game for the minicomputer Imlac PDS-
1.
Left: printout of a screenshot (from an implementation
on the personal computer Xerox Star 8010), 1985-86.
Image source: URL:
http://www.digibarn.com/collections/games/xerox-maze-
war/maze-war.jpg
Right: child playing Maze War on an Imlac PDS-1, 30th
Maze War Anniversary Event, DigiBarn Computer
Museum, Mountain View/California 6th-7th November
2004.
Image source: URL:http://www.digibarn.com/history/04-VCF7-
MazeWar/imlac-maze-kids/DSC00804.JPG
Bowery, James Allan: Spasim, 1973-74, multiplayer online
game for the PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automated
Teaching Operations) system.
Screenshot from: URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nMZv5Akcum8
11. 11
Ego Shooter (IV)
id Software (Romero, John/Carmack, John/Hall, Tom):
Doom, Cdv Software Entertainment, Pearl Agency, 1993,
computer game. Image source: URL:
http://www.mobygames.com/game/dos/doom/screenshots/gameShotId,
369142/
Montgomery, Robert: Lady in the Lake, 1947, movie.
Screenshot from URL:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v04AKDw2wi5l
12. 12
Strategy Games/God Games (I)
Left: Center for Educational
Services and Research of the Board
of Educational Services
(BOCES)/William McKay (IBM): The
Sumerian Game 1962-64, computer
game for a timesharing system
(Wing: Economics 1966, p.33).
Right: Ahl, David H.:
Hammurabi (Ahl:
BASIC 1978, p.78).
13. 13
Strategy Games/God Games (II)
Daglow, Don: Utopia, Mattel Electronics, 1981, game for the console
Mattel Intellivision (since 1980).
Screenshot from URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DS6fMMDAplk
Right, top and bottom: Crane, David/Gold, Rich: Little
Computer People, Activision, 1985, computer game.
Images from Apple II version, top: URL:
http://www.mobygames.com/game/apple2/little-computer-
people/screenshots/gameShotId,191391/; bottom:
http://www.mobygames.com/game/apple2/little-computer-
people/screenshots/gameShotId,191390/
14. 14
Strategy Games /God Games (III)
Left: Favaro, Peter J.: Alter Ego, Activision, 1986,
computer game.
Images of the Commodore 64 version, above: URL:
http://www.mobygames.com/game/c64/alter-
ego/screenshots/gameShotId,240198/; bottom: URL:
http://www.mobygames.com/game/c64/alter-
ego/screenshots/gameShotId,240199/
Right: Bullfrog Productions: Populous, Electronic Arts. 1989,
computer game.
Image source: URL: http://www.kultpower.de/archiv/heft_powerplay_1989-
beste-spiele_seite76
15. 15
Strategy Games/God Games (IV)
Left, top and
bottom: Wright,
Will/Maxis: Sim
City, Electronic
Arts, 1989,
computer game.
Images of the Windows
version, URL:
http://www.mobygame
s.com/game/win3x/sim
city/screenshots
Right, top and bottom: Meier, Sid/Shelley,
Bruce: Civilization, Micro Prose, 1991,
computer game. Images of Amiga version, URL:
http://www.mobygames.com/game/amiga/sid-meiers-
civilization/screenshots
16. Literatur
8
Bibliography with informations about the abbreviations used in the captions:
Dreher, Thomas: History of Computer Art. Chap. Bibliography. In: URL: http://iasl.uni-muenchen.de/links/GCA-
IXe.html