- Micaela Angela Carillo was a widowed woman and landowner in mid-1700s Mexico who overcame near destitution after her husband's death to build a successful pulque business and acquire over five pieces of land and 1,000 pesos worth of property through hard work. Upon her death, she left her entire inheritance to her daughter Maria, which was contested by her son Esteban but ultimately upheld in Maria's favor.

1. Katelyn Gauthier

2. • Who?
– Diego Vasicuio – native
priest
• What?
– Accused of heresy
• Where?
– Salmanca in Southern Peru
• When?
– 1671

3. • Tried by Father de Prado for heresy; accused by Catalina Paicaua
• Served in mita which was associated with harsh working conditions in comparison
to the “volunteer” jobs. Some Indians were even known to mutilate male infants
in hopes that they would be exempt from mita
• Served as chief priest for his god, Sorimana
• Held sacred his stone, guaca
• An increasing number of his fellow tribe members participated in his secretly held
ceremonies
• In fear of harsh punishment by Father de Prado, Diego surrendered his sacred
guaca
• One by one, over twenty guacas were handed over
• It is believed that Diego kept guacas hidden and later continued leading his
ceremonies in secret

4. • Who?
– Damiana da Cunha – Caiapo
granddaughter of Angrai-oxa
and Xiunequa
• What?
– Damiana was revered for her
loyalty to both her tribe and
the Portuguese
• Where?
– Sao Jose in Brazil
• When?
– 1800 – 1831

5. • The relationship between the Caiapo tribe in Brazil and the Portuguese settlers began in 1780 when soldier, Jose Luis
Pereira, “breathed peace and protection to the Indians,” and presented tools and European goods as gifts
• Led by Romexi, a group of Caiapo made an expedition in 1780 to verify European promises of protection in exchange for the
ceasing of hostility
• The Caiapo group was welcomed in a village called Sao Jose de Mossamedes. Romexi was said to be so comfortable that he didn’t
want to leave and actually turned around in the middle of his journey, claiming he was too old and tired to go on
• In 1781, a group of over two hundred Caiapo , led by chief Angrai-Oxa, made their way to the capital. 113 Caiapo children were
baptized, including Goias, or as she will later be called - Damiana
• Damiana was first taken as a hostage to live in the household of Portuguese governor Luis da Cunha Menezes where she was
treated nicely and may have even been able to attend school
• Even after the governor returned to Portugal, Damiana remained and was soon joined by 700 Caiapo!
• By 1813 the population had was reduced from disease to only 267
• The “domesticated” Caiapo that resided in Sao Jose began to dislike their conditions, complaining of harsh supervisors, poor
working conditions, and a brutal labor
• The Caiapos that lived in Sao Jose were allowed two days per week to attend to personal matter in the home such as hunting and
fishing for food, taking care of gardens, etcetera, but by the 1820’s, there was no more access to hunting and fishing making the
Caiapos dependent on their lives with the Portuguese
• Many of the Caiapos fled back to their villages
• Damiana, on the other hand, was quite different and was treated quite different than the people of her tribe
• Damiana spoke Portuguese fluently, was a true believer in Christianity, married a Brazilian civilian , and altogether impressed the
Europeans with her intelliegence and sophistication. Damiana used her skills to lead several expeditions of Caiapo people to Sao
Jose:
– 1808: journeyed to the sertado, and returned with her 70 Caiapo
– 1819: journeyed to back to the sertado for three months and returned with 70 more Caiapo who were soon baptized
– 1821: returned with a great number of people
– 1827: journeyed to Campaua River for seven months and returned with 100 Caiapo and two chiefs; all were baptized
– 1829: journeyed for nine months to an unhealthy region in Araguaya where she fell ill from hunger and fever. A month after
she returned to her village, Damiana died around February or March of 1831

6. • Who?
– Critobal Bequer – prebend;
descendent of relatively high
esteemed father and
grandfather who both worked
under the crown
• What?
– Was under constant scrutiny for
his peculiar behavior as a
prebend
• Where?
– Lima
• When?
– 1693 - 1753

7. • After accusation of murder, Cristobal fled with his brother, Pedro to a monastery in
Lima in 1714
• They fled yet again into the mountains; Cristobal emerged again after his brother’s
death shortly after
• Despite having no qualifying intellectual or spiritual background, Cristobal
somehow managed to be accepted into the priesthood
• Cristobal couldn’t hide his true self for long. He was quickly accused of being
“perverse and vicious,” “gruff and violent,” and was said to have shown “depraved
and vicious inclinations”
• He some how managed to continue moving up in the priesthood, and once even
complained of his salary
• It wasn’t uncommon for the sins of religious officials to be overlooked, but soon
Cistobal’s peculiar tendencies drew public attention
• He was finally tried for misconduct involving women on several accounts, accused
of going as far as to chase and stalk them
• Cristobal managed to drag the court process on so long through several clever
tactics that he eventually died while being held in San Francisco before being
found guilty

8. • Who?
– Beatrice de Padilla
– Female
– 30 years old
– Former slave
• What?
– Beatrice accused of murdering one
of her lovers and driving the other
one to madness
• Where?
– Small town in Western New Spain
called Lagos
• When?
– 1650

9. • Beatrice, whose mother was a slave and whose father was descendant of highly esteemed family in
Guadalajara, was granted freedom and took up a position as a housekeeper in the home of Juchipila
mayor don Diego de las Marinas
• During her employment with don Diego de las Marinas, she became romantically involved with the mayor
and bore two children
• Beatrice also had a son with priest, Diego Ortiz Saavedra, and a daughter with a man named Hernando
Lopez
• It was said that Diego Ortiz, who she’d been involved with for eight years was the one she truly love, but in
1650 Beatrice was accused of poisoning Diego Ortiz Saavedra and driving Diego de las Marinas to
madness by use of witchcraft
• Throughout the trail, Beatrice outlined her life with Diego Ortiz
• Beatrice had first lived with Diego de la Marinas in Nochistlan Diego Ortiz made his relationship with her
public and took her to live with him about two leagues from Lagos
• While on trial, witnesses claimed Beatrice had driven Diego Ortiz to idiocy before finally poisoning his
bath; however, claims of this didn’t make sense, and it had turned out the witnesses were biased
– One witness was a slave by the name of Catalina la Garay, who belonged to Beatrice. Both Beatrice
and Catalina admitted that Beatrice was violent against her. Presumably Catalina would have been
resentful toward Beatrice.
– The other witnesses were family members of Diego Ortiz. From the beginning of his relationship
with Beatrice, the family had been jealous in fear that he would leave all of his estate to her one day.
It seemed that they had always had the intention of conspiring against her.
• In the end , Beatrice was acquitted and returned to her home town

10. • Who?
– Catarina de Monte Sinay
– Female
– Nun
• What?
– As a devout nun, Catarina lay
on her death bed recalling her
life as she waited to be read her
last will
• Where?
– Brazil
• When?
• 1758

11. • Like her three sisters, Catarina joined the nunnery
• Catarina attended Desterro Convent, the only convent in Brazil, for six years
• Addition of the convent greatly improved the city of Bahia, but began to decline along with the sugar cane industry in the
early 18th century
• Despite drought, floods, and epidemics, Catarina such disasters as worldly problems
• Became “Madre Catarina de Monte Sinay” in 1696
• Dedicated her life to being a “bride of Christ”
• Catarina looked up to Madre Victoria for inspiration
– Victoria was rumored to have resisted joining the convent initially until a dream, followed by a vision of hell convinced
her otherwise
– Victoria was renowned for her humility
– Victoria was said to whip and violently beat herself with whips in consequence of sinful nature, but would cover up in
order to avoid being taken pity upon
– Victoria was even said to have the ability to perform miracles
• After witnessing the life of her brother’s wife, who was often beaten and abused by her husband, Catarina became that
much more thankful for her life in the convent
• She was said to have been very skillful in business and financial dealings:
– Owned five residential buildings
– Thrived in the business of making and selling sweets one thing
• Upon her deathbed, Catarina reflected upon her will:
– She would give each sister a slave and the income from a house,
– Everything that her sisters left upon their deaths would be given back to the convent
– 200,000 reis would be given to her oldest slave
• Catarina did feel very guilty about was her recognition of her own intelligence, and the fact that she dealt with and loaned
out money. She wondered if with these sins, she would still be able to receive salvation
• Catarina finally passed away in August of 1758

12. • Who?
– Micaela Angela Carillo
– A widowed
woman, mother, and
landowner
• What?
– Despite near destitution upon
the death of her
husband, Micaela works hard
to become a well to do
landowner
• Where?
– Nuestra Senora de Asuncion
Amozoque
• When?
– Mid 1700s

13. • Born daughter of Spaniard, Diego Carillo and Indian mother, Maria Gutierrez
• Bore five children, the oldest being Esteban de luna, and the youngest, Maria Antonia Carrillo
• She remained close with her brother and two sisters; they lived near each other and lent and borrowed money
from one another
• After the death of her husband, Juan Tapia, widowed Micaela had to fend for herself and her children.
• In addition to her brother and brother in law, Micaela also managed to make friends with wealthy men which
she’d ask to be godfathers of her children
• Micaela began making a desirable drink called pulque which was derived from the maguey plant
• The maguey plant thrived in all kinds of weather but took 8 to 15 years to mature, so Micaela would rent mature
maguey plants from other people’s land
• Her pulque business went so well that she managed to own her own land
• She eventually owned over five pieces of land and 1,000 pesos worth of property
• As early as 1751, Micaela began to divide the land that would one day be inherited by her children
• By 1756 she lived with her youngest daughter, Maria, who had left her abusive husband
• Together they owned 229 maguey plants which was said to be far more than the average peasant
• Micaela would often times have to lend money to her son, Esteban as he was supposedly to ill to continue his
blacksmith job and had no means of supporting his wife and many children
• Despite heavy financial contributions from his mother, Esteban hardly saw Micaela
• By Macaela’s death, all the entirety of her inheritance was to go to Maria
• Angered by this , Esteban took Maria to court. His initial victory lasted only until Maria repealed. Her witnesses
included nieces and nephews of her other brother as well as many esteemed Spaniards, and this time, she won
• The only sharers of the inheritance was to be the niece and nephew of her dead brother, but they declined saying
that both their brother and uncle both received more than enough financial aid from their mother