This document discusses four types of hierarchical architecture: main-subroutine architecture, master-slave architecture, layered architecture, and virtual architecture. Main-subroutine architecture reuses subroutines that are developed independently and passed data through parameters. Master-slave architecture supports fault tolerance through slaves providing replicated services to the master. Layered architecture decomposes a system into layers with defined responsibilities and interfaces between layers. Virtual architecture builds upon an existing system to provide virtual abstraction and portability.

1. Hierarchical Architecture
By:
Brijesh Mishra
14ME204

2. Overview
1. Introduction
2. Types of Hierarchical Architecture

3. 1.Introduction
• Characterized by viewing the entire system as
a hierarchy structure.
• Example:
– System Software Design
• Lower Level
– i/o services, scheduling and security etc
• Middle Level
– Business logic or core processing service.
• Upper Level
– User interface as GUI

4. 2.Types of Hierarchical
There are 4 types of Hierarchical Architecture
1. Main-Subroutine Architecture
2. Master-Slave Architecture
3. Layered Architecture
4. Virtual Architecture

5. 2.Types of Hierarchical
There are 4 types of Hierarchical Architecture
1. Main-Subroutine Architecture
2. Master-Slave Architecture
3. Layered Architecture
4. Virtual Architecture

6. 1.Main-Subroutine Architecture
• The purpose of this architecture style is to
reuse the subroutines and have individual
subroutines developed independently.
• Data is passed as parameters.
- Pass by value
-Pass bye reference

8. Continue…
• Benefits:
-It is easy to decompose the system based on the
definition of the tasks in a top-down refinement
manner.
-This architecture can still be used in a subsystem
of OO design.
• Limitations:
-Globally shared data introduces vulnerabilities.
- Tight coupling may cause more ripple effects of
changes as compared to OO design.

9. 2.Types of Hierarchical
There are 4 types of Hierarchical Architecture
1. Main-Subroutine Architecture
2. Master-Slave Architecture
3. Layered Architecture
4. Virtual Architecture

10. 2.Master-Slave Architecture
• Supports fault tolerance and system reliability.
• Slaves provide replicated services to the
master.
• Reliability is critical
– Example:
• Fork()
• Database Transaction

12. 2.Types of Hierarchical
There are 4 types of Hierarchical Architecture
1. Main-Subroutine Architecture
2. Master-Slave Architecture
3. Layered Architecture
4. Virtual Architecture

13. 3.Layered Architecture
• Decomposed into a number of higher and
lower layers.
• Each layer has its responsibility.
• Two interfaces: the up interface provides
services to its upper layer and the low
interface requires services from its lower layer.
• Example:
– OSI Model of Network

15. • Benefits:
– Incremental software development based on
increasing levels of abstraction.
– Flexibility
– Component-based technology is suitable
• Limitations:
– Many applications cannot fit this architecture
design.
– “bridging” may cause tight coupling or deadlocks

16. 2.Types of Hierarchical
There are 4 types of Hierarchical Architecture
1. Main-Subroutine Architecture
2. Master-Slave Architecture
3. Layered Architecture
4. Virtual Architecture

17. 4.Virtual Architecture
• Built on an existing system and provide virtual
abstraction.
• Appear similar to emulator software
• Example:
JVM
Virtual Box (application software)

18. • Benefits:
-Portability and machine platform
independency
- Simplicity of software development
-Simulation for disaster working model
• Limitations:
-Slow execution of the interpreter due to
the interpreter nature
-Additional overhead due to the new layer

19. Reference
Software Architecture and Design Illuminated
(Kai Qian, Xiang Fu, Lixin Tao, Chong Wei Xu)

20. Thank You...