Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor born in 1847 in Ohio. After working as a young telegraph operator, Edison established Menlo Park Laboratory in 1876, considered the first industrial research lab. There, he invented many devices including the phonograph in 1877 and a long-lasting, affordable light bulb in 1879 which established his reputation as a leading inventor. Throughout his career, Edison obtained over 1,000 patents and brought innovations in electric power, mass communication, and motion pictures.