The National Herbarium of Ethiopia was established in 1959 and is housed at Addis Ababa University. It completed publication of the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea in 2009, documenting over 6,000 plant species. The Herbarium is now working to digitize its collection of over 100,000 specimens and replace its wooden cabinets with new metal ones. It also provides training and support to universities and government institutions to build capacity in botanical sciences.
Todd Witcher, Executive Director of Discover Life In America, spoke about the Smokies Biodiversity project at the 2009 East Tennessee Preservation Conference.
Seasonal Phenology of Reptiles in a Mediterranean Environment (“Castel di Gui...IJEABJ
The present work reports the seasonal phenology of the reptiles of the "Castel di Guido" Natural Park near Rome (Northern Latium, Italy). During field observations, between September 2014 and July 2016, transects were carried out along the ecotones of the park, in order to describe the period of seasonal activity of the reptiles present. The area is characterized by Mediterranean mesothermal climate. In the Mediterranean area, reptiles have a broader annual activity range than other European regions, greatly reducing winter latency. Reptile activities start very early, in some case it is possible to observe the snake Hierophis viridiflavus and lizards, such as Podarcis muralis and Podarcis siculus, in thermoregulation activity in the middle of winter. The mild climate that is recorded on average in autumn favors the activity in the period between September and December; Zamenis longissimus is observed regularly in October. Testudo hermanni mates regularly in autumn and it is active until the first decade of December. The research shows that during the winter period reptiles can be observed in activity; for some species, Chalcides chalcides, Podarcis sp., Hierophis viridiflavus, this seems to be a remarkable datum that broad considerably the annual phenology reported in the literature.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Todd Witcher, Executive Director of Discover Life In America, spoke about the Smokies Biodiversity project at the 2009 East Tennessee Preservation Conference.
Seasonal Phenology of Reptiles in a Mediterranean Environment (“Castel di Gui...IJEABJ
The present work reports the seasonal phenology of the reptiles of the "Castel di Guido" Natural Park near Rome (Northern Latium, Italy). During field observations, between September 2014 and July 2016, transects were carried out along the ecotones of the park, in order to describe the period of seasonal activity of the reptiles present. The area is characterized by Mediterranean mesothermal climate. In the Mediterranean area, reptiles have a broader annual activity range than other European regions, greatly reducing winter latency. Reptile activities start very early, in some case it is possible to observe the snake Hierophis viridiflavus and lizards, such as Podarcis muralis and Podarcis siculus, in thermoregulation activity in the middle of winter. The mild climate that is recorded on average in autumn favors the activity in the period between September and December; Zamenis longissimus is observed regularly in October. Testudo hermanni mates regularly in autumn and it is active until the first decade of December. The research shows that during the winter period reptiles can be observed in activity; for some species, Chalcides chalcides, Podarcis sp., Hierophis viridiflavus, this seems to be a remarkable datum that broad considerably the annual phenology reported in the literature.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
1. www.postersession.com
www.postersession.com
INTRODUCTION
Ethiopia is found in the horn of Africa and located between 3º and 15ºN latitude and 33º
and 48ºE longitudes. The country encompasses various agro-ecological zones with
different topographic features, including rugged mountains, river valleys and alpines
(IBC, 2009). The great altitudinal variation, ranging from 126 m above sea level in the NE
(at Dalol Depression/Kobat Sink) to 4530 (4620) m a.s.l. at Ras Dejen that resulted in the
presence of diverse vascular plants in the country (IBC, 2009). Botanical study,
exploration and documentation of the flora in Ethiopia has been the focus of the National
Herbarium (ETH), Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management at Addis
Ababa University.
The National Herbarium (ETH) was established in 1959 as part of the Department of
Biology, Addis Ababa University. It is the basis for botanical research, plant exploration
and the write-up of the Flora. In the past one decade, the structural changes and expansion
of the units and departments undertaken at Addis Ababa University has resulted in break
up of the former Department of Biology into three departments, and the National
Herbarium has been part of the Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity
Management since 2010. The National Herbarium completed the write-up of the Flora of
Ethiopia and Eritrea in 2009, and its has since been actively engaged in the curation of its
specimens including digitization.
Modernizing and Digitizing
The National Herbarium(ETH)
Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management
College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University
REFERENCES
CONCLUSIONS
The National Herbarium is striving to expand its research, education and community
outreach in the field of botanical sciences. In the last three decades, it made a lot of
accomplishments, particularly in completing the write-up of the Flora. In order to
maintain its momentum in botanical research, and upgrading its working mechanisms into
a digital or virtual herbarium, it requires technical and financial support.
ABSTRACT
Botanical research started with the establishment of the Department of Biology in 1950s
with the establishment of the Herbarium (which was named as the University College
Herbarium) in 1959; now it is called the National Herbarium (ETH). The National
Herbarium is the biggest and oldest Herbarium in the country where the country’s Flora
(as Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea) was published, on which other botanical research has
mainly been based. The Flora of Ethiopia Project was started in 1980 through the united
effort and support from Addis Ababa University and the Ethiopian Science and
Technology Commission (now Ministry of Science and Technology) in Ethiopia in
cooperation with the Department of Systematic Botany of Uppsala University in Sweden,
financially supported from the Swedish Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing
Countries (SAREC), which is now part of the Swedish International Development
Cooperation Agency (SIDA). The Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea Project was completed in
2009 and resulted in the publication of eight Flora volumes with ten books. In these, about
6,027 vascular plant species with 10% endemism have been documented. These plant
species are grouped into four vascular plant groups (lycopodiophytes, pteridopytes,
gymnosperms and angiosperms), which comprise 243 families (Ensermu Kelbessa and
Sebsebe Demissew, 2014). The National Herbarium houses more than 100,000 plant
specimens, of which about 400 are type specimens. The types and the specimens of
invasive plant specimens were digitized in collaboration with the financial and material
support provided by the Global Plants Initiative (GPI). Now, the National Herbarium is in
the process of replacing all its old wooden cabinets/cupboards with metal space-saving
compactor, and is planning to digitize all its specimens. This poster presents the activities
of the National Herbarium (ETH) and its future plan to digitize its collections.
MAJOR ACHIEVEMENT OF THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM (ETH)
1. Publication of Flora Volumes
Volume Families No. of
Genera
No. of Species
(including
subspecies)
Year of Publication
3 Pittosporaceae – Araliaceae 274 1162 1989
7 Poaceae (Gramineae) 156 609 1995
2, Part 2 Canellaceae – Euphorbiaceae 130 724 1995
6 Hydrocharitaceae – Arecaceae 173 793 1997
2, Part 1 Hydrocharitaceae – Arecaceae 173 793 1997
4, Part 1 Magnoliaceae – Flacourtiaceae +
Appendix
217 651 2000
4, Part 2 Asteraceae (Compositae) 133 472 2004
5 Gentianaceae – Cyclocheilaceae 244 991 2006
1 Lycopodiaceae – Pinaceae +
Appendix
87 212 2009
8 General part and index to Volumes
1-7
2009
Source: Ensermu Kelbessa & Sebsebe Demissew, 2014
2. Capacity Building
The National Hebarium provides:
• Training for undergraduate, MSc and PhD students;
• Short term plant identification training for government institutions;
• Material and educational support for newly established
government universities; and
• Voucher specimens to new herbaria in the country.
Figure 1: Volumes (and parts) of Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea
3. Database and Digitizing Herbarium Specimens
The National Herbarium has been working very closely with the major
herbaria in Africa, Europe and America since the commencement of the
Flora Project in 1980. Through the support of the Global Plant Initiative
(GPI), the Herbarium digitized:
• Type specimens; and
• Specimens of Invasive Alien Species.
4. Modernizing and Restructuring the National Herbarium
Old cabinets New cabinets
Figure 2: The National Herbarium Cabinets