This PPT contain Definition of Hepatitis, its types, causes according to the type, risk factors etc.

1. DAVID

2. MR. DAVID V. DARYAPURKARMR. DAVID V. DARYAPURKAR

3. SAJJALASHREE

4. HEPATITIS

5. DAVID
Submitted to:Submitted to:
Mr. I. K. ShrinivasMr. I. K. Shrinivas
Nursing TutorNursing Tutor
Nazarene Nurses training Collage, WashimNazarene Nurses training Collage, Washim
Submitted By:Submitted By:
Mr. David V. DaryapurkarMr. David V. Daryapurkar
Internship G.N.M. studentInternship G.N.M. student
Nazarene Nurses Training Collage, WashimNazarene Nurses Training Collage, Washim

6. 1. Liver is the largest gland in our body.
2. The weight of liver is between 1 to 2.3kg in adults.
3. Liver consists of cells called as Hepatocytes.
4. Liver has four lobes.
5. The main function of liver are:
a) Metabolism.
b) Detoxification of drugs & toxic substance.
c) Secretion of bile juice.
d) Storage.
DAVID
DAVID

7. WHAT IS HEPATITIS ?
1}. It the inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin.
2} Inflammation of the liver, cause by infectious or toxic Agents &
characterized by jaundice, fever, liver enlargement & abdominal
pain.

8. TYPES OF HEPATITIS
 HEPATITIS A
 HEPATITIS B
 HEPATITIS C
 HEPATITIS D
 HEPATITIS E
 HEPATITIS G
DAVID

9. INCUBATION PERIOD
 HEPATITIS A
 HEPATITIS B
 HEPATITIS C
 HEPATITIS D
 HEPATITIS G
 HEPATITIS E
15-50 DAYS
60-80 DAYS
42-49 DAYS
21-49 DAYS
14-63 DAYS
7-28 DAYS
DAVID

10. CAUSES ACCORDING TO TYPE:
Hepatitis A:- Viral infection, feco-oral contamination.
Hepatitis B:- Contamination with blood & serous fluid, semen & vaginal fluid.
Hepatitis C:- If skin & mucus membrane exposed with contaminated blood,
IV drug use, tattoos pricings, needles sticks.
Hepatitis D:- Drug use, contamination with blood & serous fluid,
semen & vaginal fluid.
Hepatitis E:- Waterborne virus, contaminated water, feco-oral route.
DAVID
Hepatitis G:- Contaminated blood, waterborne virus, fecal-oral route.

11. INCIDENCE
About 452,000 annual cases based on incidence of HepA, HepB, HepC,
and HepD (NIDDK 1990-1992)
DAVID
Hepatitis A: 32,000 new cases (1992)
Hepatitis B: 200,000 to 300,000 new cases (1990)
Hepatitis C: 150,000 new cases (1991)
Hepatitis D: 70,000 new cases (1990)

12. RISK FACTORS:
Working in a health care fields, food industry, or sewage industry
DAVID
It consists of several stages:
Peoples who share needles
Health workers who are exposed to infected blood
International travel, especially to Asia or South or Central America
Side effects of Medication & IV drug use
Living in a nursing home or rehabilitation center.
Excessive alcoholism, Some toxic chemicals
Disorders of the gall bladder or pancreas, and infections

13. Side effects of Medication & IV drug use
DAVID

14. International travel, especially to Asia or South or
Central America
DAVID

15. Excessive alcoholism, Some toxic chemicals
DAVID

16. Living in a nursing home or rehabilitation center.
Working in a health care fields, food industry, or sewage industry.
Health workers who are exposed to infected blood
Disorders of the gall bladder or pancreas, and infections

17. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
DAVID
Due to etiological factors
Body immune response to virus
Hepatocytes are become inflamed & necrotized & leads to damage
This alters the cellular function
The degree of functional impairment depends on the amount of hepatocellular
damage
The reticuloendothelial cells are undergo damage
Kupffuer cells increase in size & number
Vascular & ductile tissues undergo inflammatory changes.

18. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
DAVID
Tiredness, weakness, fatigue & loss of stamina
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea & anorexia
Dark colored urine
Yellowing of skin & sclera, if jaundice occurs
Abdominal pain, joint & muscle pain
Change in bowel function, irritability
Fever & flu like symptom (Hep. A)

19. DAVID

20. DAVID
DIAGNOSTIC
TESTHistory collection & Physical examination
Blood tests- HBcAg Hepatitis B core antigen
HBsAg Hepatitis B surface antigen
HBeAg an independent
protein circulating in the blood
Alkaline phosphates, Serum billirubin, urine bllirubin
Specific serum antibodies i.e.: anti-HAV ELISA
More diagnostic:- Liver biopsy.
Urine examination for bile pigment.

21. Hepatomegaly.
Liver damage.
Hyperbilirubinemia.
Cirrhosis of liver.
DAVID

22. DAVID

23. DAVID
MANAGEMENT FOR HEPATITIS
HEPATITIS A
 There is no specific treatment for hepatitis A. The doctor will
recommend to stop the alcoholism and drugs consumption during
recovery.
HEPATITIS B
 The only treatment for hepatitis B is rest, combined with a high ,
protein/high carbohydrate diet to repair damaged liver cells and
protect the liver
 The doctor will recommend an antiviral agent
called Interferon

24. DAVID
HEPATITIS C
 The only treatment for hepatitis C virus, is interferon
alfa-2b (Intron A).
 Currently, there is not effective treatment for
Hepatitis D, E & G.

25. DAVID
DIETARY MANAGAMENT
Recommend small, frequent meals.
Provide intake of 2,000 to 3,000 kcal/day during acute illness.
High-protein, high-calorie diet may be beneficial.
Restrict fat intake.
Careful monitor fluid balance.
Advice patient to avoid substances the may affects liver function.

26. Careful monitoring of fluid balance.
DAVID

27. DAVID
PREVENTION
Isolation of cases & disinfection of feces & fomites.
Providing better hygienic & sanitary conditions.
Proper sterilization of needles & syringes.
Administration of human normal immunoglobin
to all contacts before or within a week of exposure.
Proper community & home sanitation.
Vaccination to interrupt community-wide outbreaks
DAVID

28. Isolation of cases & disinfection of feces & fomites.
DAVID

30. FIRST OF ALL
I WANT TO
THANKS TO
OUR LORD
JESUS
CHRIST

31. Mr. Daniel Bishwas
Administrative Superident of R.M.H
And
Mrs. Sulochana S Allada
Nursing Superident of R.M.H
Special Thanks to

32. Thanks To
Mrs. S. S. Kharat
Mrs. J. L. Allada
&
(VICE. PRINCIPAL OF N. N. T. C.)
(PRINCIPAL OF N. N. T. C.)

33. Thanks to:
Srinivas sir
PradeeP sir
nagaraj sir &
shivalingesh sir

34. Anxiety is
Thank you one and all