2. DEFINITION:
Hemiplegia is acondition caused by brain
damage or spinal cord injurythat leads to
paralysis on one side ofthe body.
Itcauses weakness, problems with muscle
control, and muscle stiffness. The degree
of hemiplegia symptoms vary depending on
the location and extent ofthe injury.
3. If hemiplegia onsets before birth, during
birth, or within the first 2 years of life, it's
known as congenital hemiplegia.
If hemiplegia develops later in life, it's
known as acquired hemiplegia.
Hemiplegia is non-progressive. Once the
disorder begins, symptoms don't get
worse.
5. Symptoms:
• muscle weakness or stiffness on one side
• muscle spasticity or permanently
contracted muscle
• poor fine motor skills
• trouble walking
• poor balance
• trouble grabbing objects
6. Symptoms
If hemiplegia is caused by a brain
• •
1nJury:
• memory problems
• trouble concentrating
• speech issues
• behavior changes
•
• seizures
8. Facial hemiplegia
Facial Hemiplegia (the seventh nerve inflammation)
is a sudden weakness in the facial muscles that
makes
one side of the face to droop.
This weakness is caused by:
A malfunction of the facial nerve (the seventh
cranial nerve responsible for the control offacial
muscles) affecting facial motor expressions.
9.
10. Spinal hemiplegia
Spinal hemiplegia is also referred to as
Brow11-Seqt1ard synclro1ne .
It involves damage on one side of the spinal cord
that results in paralysis on the same side of the
body as the injury.
It also causes loss of pain and temperature
sensation on the opposite side of the body.
11. Incomplete lesions of the spinal cord
Central Cord Syndrome
••••
, I
Anterior Cord Syndrome
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Corticospinal tract
Spinothalamic tract
13. Spastic hemiplegia
Spastic hemiplegia is a type of spastic
cerebral palsy, where the part of the brain
controlling movement is damaged.
Caused by a brain injury, specifically to
the motor cortex, or dysfunction, which
can happen in numerous different ways.
For children with spastic hemiplegia, the
disorder is sometimes caused by injuries
before, during, or shortly after birth.
14.
15. Alternating hemiplegia of
childhood
Alternating hemiplegia of childhood is a neurological
condition characterized by recurrent episodes of
temporary paralysis, often affecting one side of the
body (hemiplegia). During some episodes, the
paralysis alternates from one side of the body to the
other or affects both sides at the same time
16. Diagnosis
Clinical evaluation and physical examination to test muscle
strength and sensation. These will enable the doctor to
clinically diagnose the patient.
However, in order to pinpoint the exact cause of the
hemiplegia, some other tests may also be ordered. These
are briefly highlighted below:
• Blood Test
• Computed tomography [CT]scan
• Magnetic Resonance Test (MRI)
• Electroencephalography ( EEG)
17. Treatment:
People living with hemiplegia usually
undergo a combination of rehabilitation therapy,
which typically involves :
Physical therapists
Mental health professionals
and Rehabilitation therapists.
