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Heat Stress Training by Far East University
1. HEAT STRESSHEAT STRESS
Presented by:Presented by:
Officeof Environmental Health and SafetyOfficeof Environmental Health and Safety
2. IndividualsAt RiskIndividualsAt Risk
• All individualswho work in hot environmentsAll individualswho work in hot environments
(insideand outside) areat risk of developing heat(insideand outside) areat risk of developing heat
stress.stress.
• Moreintenseand strenuousworkloads, putMoreintenseand strenuousworkloads, put
individualsat agreater risk.individualsat agreater risk.
• Wearing PPE such asrespiratorsand protectiveWearing PPE such asrespiratorsand protective
suitscan also increasethisrisk.suitscan also increasethisrisk.
3. Contributing FactorsContributing Factors
• Environmental FactorsEnvironmental Factors
- Temperature- Temperature
- Humidity- Humidity
- Radiant Heat- Radiant Heat
- Air Velocity- Air Velocity
Temperatureisnot theonly indicator!!Temperatureisnot theonly indicator!!
4. Contributing FactorsContributing Factors
• Personal FactorsPersonal Factors
- Age- Age
- Weight- Weight
- Fitness- Fitness
- Acclimatization – increased toleranceto heat that- Acclimatization – increased toleranceto heat that
comesfrom working in ahot environment for acomesfrom working in ahot environment for a
period 1-2 weeks.period 1-2 weeks.
5. TheBody’sResponseto HeatTheBody’sResponseto Heat
• Increased Blood CirculationIncreased Blood Circulation
- Blood iscirculated to theskin which increases skin- Blood iscirculated to theskin which increases skin
temperatureand allowsthebody to giveoff excesstemperatureand allowsthebody to giveoff excess
heat through theskin.heat through theskin.
- Thisiswhy your faceturnsred when you arehot.- Thisiswhy your faceturnsred when you arehot.
- However, physical labor requiresblood to fuel the- However, physical labor requiresblood to fuel the
muscles; therefore, lessblood isavailableto flow tomuscles; therefore, lessblood isavailableto flow to
theskin surfaceand becauseof this, lessheat istheskin surfaceand becauseof this, lessheat is
released from thebody.released from thebody.
6. TheBody’sResponseto HeatTheBody’sResponseto Heat
• SweatingSweating
-- Sweating isan effectiveway to cool thebodySweating isan effectiveway to cool thebody
when humidity isrelatively low.when humidity isrelatively low.
- Sweating ismost effectivewhen thesweat- Sweating ismost effectivewhen thesweat
evaporatesfrom theskin rather than dripsoff or isevaporatesfrom theskin rather than dripsoff or is
wiped off.wiped off.
- A young malecan sweat asmuch asonequart- A young malecan sweat asmuch asonequart
per hour. (2-3 gallonsper day)per hour. (2-3 gallonsper day)
8. Heat DisordersHeat Disorders
• Heat RashHeat Rash
- Also known as“Prickly Heat.”- Also known as“Prickly Heat.”
- Occurswhen sweat cannot freely evaporatefrom- Occurswhen sweat cannot freely evaporatefrom
theskin and sweat ductsbecomeplugged. Thistheskin and sweat ductsbecomeplugged. This
inflammation can causeared rash.inflammation can causeared rash.
- Can beprevented by wearing clothesthat allow- Can beprevented by wearing clothesthat allow
sweat to evaporateaswell asbathing regularly andsweat to evaporateaswell asbathing regularly and
drying theskin.drying theskin.
9. Heat DisordersHeat Disorders
• Heat CrampsHeat Cramps
-- Crampsin thearms, legs, or abdomenCrampsin thearms, legs, or abdomen
- Occur in individualswho sweat profusely then- Occur in individualswho sweat profusely then
drink largequantitiesof water, but do notdrink largequantitiesof water, but do not
adequately replacethebody’ssalt loss.adequately replacethebody’ssalt loss.
- To prevent, ensurethat saltsarereplaced during- To prevent, ensurethat saltsarereplaced during
and after heavy sweating.and after heavy sweating.
10. Heat DisordersHeat Disorders
• Heat ExhaustionHeat Exhaustion
Mild form of shock caused when thecirculatoryMild form of shock caused when thecirculatory
system beginsto fail asaresult of thebody’ssystem beginsto fail asaresult of thebody’s
inadequateeffort to giveoff excessiveheat.inadequateeffort to giveoff excessiveheat.
Although not an immediatethreat to life, if notAlthough not an immediatethreat to life, if not
properly treated, could evolveinto heat stroke.properly treated, could evolveinto heat stroke.
11. Heat DisordersHeat Disorders
• Heat Exhaustion - SymptomsHeat Exhaustion - Symptoms
- Skin isclammy and moist- Skin isclammy and moist
- Extremeweaknessor fatigue- Extremeweaknessor fatigue
- Nausea- Nausea
- Headache- Headache
- Complexion paleor flushed- Complexion paleor flushed
- Body temperaturenormal or slightly elevated- Body temperaturenormal or slightly elevated
12. Heat DisordersHeat Disorders
• Heat Exhaustion - TreatmentHeat Exhaustion - Treatment
- Do not leavetheperson alone- Do not leavetheperson alone
- Moveto acool placeto rest- Moveto acool placeto rest
- Drink water or electrolytefluids- Drink water or electrolytefluids
- Treat for shock, if necessary- Treat for shock, if necessary
- If unconscious, failsto recover rapidly, has- If unconscious, failsto recover rapidly, has
other injuries, or hasahistory of medicalother injuries, or hasahistory of medical
problems, seek medical attention.problems, seek medical attention.
15. Heat DisordersHeat Disorders
• Heat Stroke- TreatmentHeat Stroke- Treatment
- Call 911- Call 911
- Removevictim to acool area- Removevictim to acool area
- Soak clothing with cool water and fan- Soak clothing with cool water and fan
vigorously to increasecoolingvigorously to increasecooling
- Monitor vital signs- Monitor vital signs
16. Prevention MethodsPrevention Methods
• AcclimatizationAcclimatization
• Work in pairsWork in pairs
• Drink plenty of cool water or electrolyteDrink plenty of cool water or electrolyte
replacement fluidseven if not thirsty. (Onesmallreplacement fluidseven if not thirsty. (Onesmall
cup every 15-20 minutes)cup every 15-20 minutes)
• Beableto recognizeearly signs& symptomsofBeableto recognizeearly signs& symptomsof
heat-induced illnessand takeappropriateactionheat-induced illnessand takeappropriateaction
to prevent seriousheat disorders.to prevent seriousheat disorders.
• Schedulemost strenuouswork during theSchedulemost strenuouswork during the
coolest timesof theday.coolest timesof theday.
17. Prevention MethodsPrevention Methods
• Spend aslittletimeaspossiblein direct sunlight.Spend aslittletimeaspossiblein direct sunlight.
• Takefrequent breaksin cool, shaded areas.Takefrequent breaksin cool, shaded areas.
• Wear light, loosefitting, clothing.Wear light, loosefitting, clothing.
• Avoid caffeine, which can makethebody loseAvoid caffeine, which can makethebody lose
water.water.
• Rotateworkersin and out of hot areasifRotateworkersin and out of hot areasif
possible.possible.
19. Wet Bulb GlobeTemperatureIndexWet Bulb GlobeTemperatureIndex
• WBGT is a number that is calculated as aWBGT is a number that is calculated as a
combination of humidity, radiant, and ambientcombination of humidity, radiant, and ambient
temperature readings.temperature readings.
• This number is then combined with work loadThis number is then combined with work load
to determine heat stress potential.to determine heat stress potential.
• The following table displays the recommendedThe following table displays the recommended
work/rest regimen for corresponding WBGTwork/rest regimen for corresponding WBGT
values.values.
20. Work/Rest RegimenWork/Rest Regimen
PERMISSIBLE HEAT EXPOSURE THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES
Source: ACGIH 1992.
------------- Work Load* ------------
Work/rest regimen Light Moderate Heavy
Continuous work 30.0°C (86°F) 26.7°C (80°F) 25.0°C (77°F)
75% Work, 25% rest, each hour 30.6°C (87°F) 28.0°C (82°F) 25.9°C (78°F)
50% Work, 50% rest, each hour 31.4°C (89°F) 29.4°C (85°F) 27.9°C (82°F)
25% Work, 75% rest, each hour 32.2°C (90°F) 31.1°C (88°F) 30.0°C (86°F)
*Values are in °C and °F, WBGT.
These TLV's are based on the assumption that nearly all acclimatized, fully clothed workers with adequate water
and salt intake should be able to function effectively under the given working conditions without exceeding a deep
body temperature of 38°C (100.4° F). They are also based on the assumption that the WBGT of the resting place is
the same or very close to that of the workplace. Where the WBGT of the work area is different from that of the rest
area, a time-weighted average should be used (consult the ACGIH 1992-1993 Threshold Limit Values for Chemical
Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices (1992).
These TLV's apply to physically fit and acclimatized individuals wearing light summer clothing. If heavier clothing
that impedes sweat or has a higher insulation value is required, the permissible heat exposure TLV's in Table III:4-
2 must be reduced by the corrections shown in Table III:4-3.
21. Heat StressMonitoringHeat StressMonitoring
If you are unsure of theIf you are unsure of the
Heat Stress Potential thatHeat Stress Potential that
your employees areyour employees are
exposed to, contactexposed to, contact
EH&S to conduct HeatEH&S to conduct Heat
Stress Monitoring.Stress Monitoring.
22. QUIZQUIZ
• Please complete the linkedPlease complete the linked
QUIZQUIZ to satisfy yourto satisfy your
training requirements.training requirements.
If you have any questionsIf you have any questions
please contact EHS atplease contact EHS at
328-6166 or328-6166 or
safety@ecu.edusafety@ecu.edu
