1. RAGHAVENDRA INSTITUTE OF
PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH
HAEMATINICS
GUIDED BY:
SUDHEER SIR
PRESENTED BY:
K.SRAVYA PUJITHA.

2. HAEMATINICS

7. Iron
• Iron is absorbed all over the intestine.
• Absorbed
– Directly
– At luminal membrane- divalent metal transporter1(DMT1)
– Basolateral membrane – ferroportin (FP)
• Iron is distributed
– as haemoglobin in erythrocytes
– Stored as ferritin and haemosiderin in liver spleen bone marrow
– as myoglobin in muscles
– as parenchymal iron in reticuloendothelial cells
– as transferrin which are iron
-binding blood plasma glycoprotein

8. Factors impeding iron absorption
 Antacids
 Egg
 Phytates (in maize and wheat)
 Tetracyclines
 Presence of other foods in the stomach
 Mucosal block (ferritin curtain)
– the gut has a mechanism of preventing entry of excess iron in the body

10. Effects of deficiency
• Megaloblastic anaemia
• Spina bifida of the foetus in case of pregnant women
Adverse effects:
• Allergy
• Anaphylaxis

12. Vitamin B12 :
 Cyanocobalamin and hydrocobalamine
– referred to as vit B12
 Vit B12 is intricately linked to folate metabolism
 Involved in protein synthesis
 Involved in DNA production
 Involved carbohydrate and lipid metabolism
 Is utilised in thymidylate synthesis

13. Vitamin B12
required for the
• the conversion of homocysteine to methionine
• conversion of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl CoA
• interconversion of leucine and beta leucine
Manifestations of deficiency :
• Megaloblastic anaemia
• Epithelial damage
• Neural tube defect
• General weakness

16. Folic Acid
• Source:
liver, cereals, nuts, green vegetables
Pharmacokinetics:
• Administered through oral or parenteral routes.
• Absorbed from the proximal jejunum.
• Widely distributed and stored in the liver
Function of Folic acid—
• It is the parent compound of folates
• folates act as a cofactor in the formation of purine and pyrimidine
– which is essential for DNA synthesis. Folate cofactor is also needed
in the formation of thymidylic acid.

17. Uses of vitamin B12 and folic acid
Megaloblastic anaemia:
 Nutrtional folate deficiency
 Increased demand-pregnancy, lactation, infancy, severe iron
deficiency
Pernicious anaemia (folate deficiency)
 Malabsorption syndrome- tropical sprue coeliac disease,
 Antiepileptic therapy causes megaloblastic anaemia
 Prophylaxis of folate deficiency
Methotrexate toxicity are countered

19. THANK YOU