Travelers face special health risks due to factors that reduce resistance to disease like crowding, long waiting hours, disrupted eating habits, and changes in climate and time zone. Routine vaccines for chickenpox, diphtheria, tetanus, measles, rubella, and polio are recommended. Other preventative measures include avoiding unsafe food and water to prevent diseases like cholera and hepatitis A, taking anti-malarial drugs in endemic areas, and getting the yellow fever vaccine if traveling to endemic zones. Travelers should also eat and drink safely, prevent bug bites, stay safe outdoors, avoid contact with animals, reduce germ exposure, and avoid sharing body fluids.

1. HEALTH ADVICE TO
TRAVELLERS

2. Emporiatrics
• To describe the science of health of travellers.
• Face special health risks.
FACTORS REDUCE THE RESISTANCE TO DISEASE
• Crowding
• Long hours of waiting
• Disruption of eating habit
• Change in climate and time zone.

3. VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASES

4. ROUTINE VACCINES
1. CHICKENPOX VACCINE
Children under age 13 years should get two doses
• First dose at age 12 through 15 months
• Second dose at age 4 through 6 years
• The second dose may be given at an earlier age if it is
after the first dose.
• People 13 years of age and older who have never had
chickenpox or received chickenpox vaccine should get
days apart.

5. 2. Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Vaccination
3. MR
4. Polio

6. CHOLERA
• Avoiding unsafe food and water and washing your hands can also help
prevent cholera.

7. HEPATITIS A
• Normal human immunoglobulin in a dose of 0.02-0.05mg/kg of body
weight is recommended every 4 weeks
Hepatitis E
• Avoidance of contaminated food and water is the only effective
protective measure.
Hepatitis B
• 3 doses of vaccine
• First 2 doses at 1 month apart and 3rd dose 6 months later.

8. MALARIA
• High risk in endemic areas
• Drug prophylaxis should begin on the day of arrival and continued for
4-6 weeks after leaving the malarious areas.

9. • YELLOW FEVER
• Vaccination certificate is required for yellow fever endemic zone.

10. Non-Vaccine-Preventable
Diseases

11. Eat and drink safely
- TRAVELLERS DIARRHOEA
Eat
• Food that is cooked and served hot
• Hard-cooked eggs
• Fruits and vegetables you have washed in clean water or peeled yourself
• Pasteurized dairy products
Drink
• Bottled water that is sealed
• Water that has been disinfected
• Ice made with bottled or disinfected water
• Carbonated drinks
• Hot coffee or tea
• Pasteurized milk

12. Prevent bug bites
• Cover exposed skin by wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and hats.
• Use an appropriate insect repellent.
• Use permethrin-treated clothing and gear (such as boots, pants, socks, and
tents). Do not use permethrin directly on skin.
• Stay and sleep in air-conditioned or screened rooms.
• Use a bed net if the area where you are sleeping is exposed to the outdoors.

13. Stay safe outdoors
• Stay alert to changing weather conditions.
• Prepare by packing protective items, such as bug spray, sunscreen, and a
basic first aid kit.
• Heat-related illness, such as heat stroke, can be deadly. Eat and drink
regularly, wear loose and lightweight clothing, and limit physical activity during
high temperatures.
• If you are outside for many hours in heat, eat salty snacks and drink water to stay
hydrated and replace salt lost through sweating.
• Protect yourself from UV radiation: use sunscreen, wear protective clothing.
• Very cold temperatures can be dangerous. Dress in layers and cover heads,
hands, and feet properly if you are visiting a cold location.

14. Keep away from animals
• Do not touch or feed any animals you do not know.
• Do not allow animals to lick open wounds, and do not get animal saliva in your
eyes or mouth.
• Avoid rodents and their urine and feces.
• Traveling pets should be supervised closely and not allowed to come in
contact with local animals.

15. Reduce your exposure to germs
• Wash your hands often, especially before eating.
• If soap and water aren’t available, clean hands with hand sanitizer (containing
at least 60% alcohol).
• Don’t touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. If you need to touch your face, make
sure your hands are clean.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands)
when coughing or sneezing.
• Try to avoid contact with people who are sick.
• If you are sick, stay home or in your hotel room, unless you need medical
care.

16. Avoid sharing body fluids
• Diseases can be spread through body fluids, such as saliva, blood, vomit, and
semen.
Protect yourself:
• Use latex condoms correctly.
• Do not inject drugs.
• Limit alcohol consumption. People take more risks when intoxicated.
• Do not share needles or any devices that can break the skin. That includes
needles for tattoos, piercings, and acupuncture.
• If you receive medical or dental care, make sure the equipment is disinfected
or sanitized.

24. THANK YOU