HAZWOPER training for all agenda 2023.pptx

Classified as "ADC Private" by Reda Al-Mesbah 2024-04-03T10:09:31
Awareness for Initial Response to
Hazardous Materials Incidents

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Become part of the solution . . .
. . . not part of the problem!
Before you become involved in a hazardous
materials incident, you need to understand your
role and how you may have a positive effect on the
outcome.

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Standards and Regulations
1. OSHA 29 CFR: 1910.120
2. EPA 40 CFR
3. NFPA 472 (Fire Departments Only)
4.SARA Title III: Superfund Amendment and
Reauthorization Act (1986)
5.US DOT 49 CFR

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Terminal Objective
At the end of this session, the student will
be able to define and identify Hazardous
Materials and pass a written exam with a
score of at least 70%.

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Enabling Objectives
• Detect presence of a hazardous material.
• Survey a hazardous materials incident from a safe
location to identify the name, UN/NA identification
number or the type of placard applied.
• Collect hazard information from the current edition of
the North American Emergency Response Guidebook
(NAERG).
• Initiate protective actions consistent with local
emergency response plans, the organization’s standard
operating procedures and the NAERG.
• Initiate the notification process.

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• Hazardous materials incidents are not like routine
calls.
• Every responder must be realistic about capabilities
and limitations.
• The primary responsibility of every first responder is
to promote safety for all.
• Coordinate and cooperate with all agencies
responding to hazardous materials incidents.
Essential Attitudes

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Hazardous Materials Incidents
Versus Other Emergencies
• Potential for doing great harm since effects
are far reaching and severe.
• Often have long term effects to the
environment, people and property.
• Responders must be specially trained and
equipped.

8
Emergency Comparisons
Typical Emergency
• Rush in to help
• Have info needed
• Can be handled by agency
• Know what to expect
• Little or no additional
exposure
• Completed in short time
• Proper equipment available
• Normally limited to one area
Haz-Mat Emergency
• Need to slow down
• Difficult to get info
• Often requires numerous agencies
• Never sure about reactions
• Possibility of large additional
exposures
• May last days/weeks or longer
• Specialized equipment required
• May move (vapors/liquids)

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What is a
Hazardous Material?

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Hazardous Materials
(Dangerous Goods in Canada)
US DOT . . . Any substance that poses an
unreasonable risk to the health and safety of
operating or emergency personnel, the
public and/or the environment if it is not
properly controlled during handling,
storage, manufacturing, processing,
packaging, use, disposal or transportation.
It covers all of the hazard classes/divisions.

11
Hazardous Material
US EPA: . . .any material which, when
discharged into or upon the navigable
waters of the United States or adjoining
shorelines, may be harmful to the public
health or welfare of the United States,
including, but not limited to, fish, shellfish,
wildlife and public or private property,
shorelines and beaches.

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Hazardous Material
. . . any element, compound or combination
which is flammable, corrosive, detonable,
toxic, radioactive, an oxidizer, an etiologic
agent or highly reactive, and which because
of handling, storage, processing or
packaging, may have detrimental effects on
operating and emergency personnel, the
public, equipment, and/or the environment.

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Hazardous Material
. . . anything that jumps out at you when
something goes wrong and hurts or harms
the things it touches.
Ludwig Benner, N.T.S.B.
Former Chief of HM Investigations

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Hazardous Substance
EPA term for chemicals that, if released into
the environment above a certain amount,
must be reported and depending on the
threat to the environment, federal
involvement handling the incident can be
authorized.

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Extremely Hazardous
Substances
EPA term for chemicals that must be
reported to the appropriate authorities if
released above the threshold reporting
quantity.

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Toxic Chemicals
EPA term for chemicals whose total
emissions or release must be reported
annually by owners and operators of
facilities that manufacture, process or
otherwise use a listed toxic chemical.

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Hazardous Wastes
EPA term for chemicals that are
regulated under the Resource,
Conservation and Recovery Act.

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Hazardous Chemicals
OSHA term that denotes any
chemical that would be a risk to
employees if exposed in the
workplace.

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Dangerous Goods
In Canadian transportation, hazardous
materials are called dangerous goods.

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The Life Cycle of a Hazardous
Material
1. Manufactured
2. Stored by maker
3. Transported to a producer
4. Used in a product
5. Stored by the producer
6. Transported to a user (distributor)
7. Stored by the user
8. Used by the user
9. Transported to a waste facility
10. Stored, burned or buried

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The public, as well as the media, have become more
concerned about the safe manufacture, use, storage,
transportation and disposal of hazardous materials.
Over 29,000 hazmat incidents reported in 1998
Over 11,000 reported transportation incidents in 1998

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Resulting in thousands of accidents a year

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Whether these materials are transported, stored, or processed,
the potential for an unintentional release exists

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These releases can have disastrous effects

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Miamisburg, Ohio: White Phosphorous

32
Crescent City, Illinois: 1 of
multiple LP rail tank cars
BLEVEing

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Pick . . .
International
a Place
December 3, 1984
Fixed Site
44 tons Methyl Isocyanate released
1754 dead
4000 - 5000 seriously injured
300,000 injured to lesser degree
Bhopal, India
November 19, 1984
Fixed Site
Liquefied Gas tanks exploded
452 Killed
4,248 injured
Major property damage
Mexico City
February 5, 1984
Fixed Site
Leaking pipeline exploded
At least 500 Killed
Cubatao, Brazil
August 4, 1985
Transportation
Military Truck
7 - 1 ton bombs detonated
47 injured
6000 evacuated
Crater on I-40 (35’across, 27’deep)
Checotah, Ok
National
November 15, 1984
Fixed Site
Toluene tank exploded
1 dead in tank
1 FF killed (explosion)
14 injured
Phoenix, Az

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Pick
a
Year
April 3, 1980
Transportation
Train tank car puncture
Phosphorus trichloride
418 treated (including FF)
Somerville, Mass.
September 28, 1982
Transportation
Train derailment with HM spill
No one killed or
No one injured at scene
2 week evacuation
2 year clean up
Livingston, La.
May 12 - 25, 1989
Fixed / Transportation
Train derail linked to pipeline explosion
6 killed - 2 killed while at home
23 others injured
San Bernardino, Ca.
March 28, 1979
Fixed
Nuclear leak - No one killed
Other damages possibly long term
Three Mile Island
1987, 1990, 1992, 1994
Fixed
Chemical Plant Explosions
Several killed
Many more injured
Pampa, Tx.
Baton Rouge, La. (2x)
Sterlington, La.

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Pick a Material
April 16, 1947
Transportation - Freighter Fire
2 freighters exploded
Ammonium nitrate fertilizer
Explosion leveled city
578 killed, 2000 seriously injured
Whole Fire Dept. eliminated.
Texas City, Tx
1988
Fixed Site - Federal Highway Project
Containers in quarry, fire & explosion
Ammonium nitrate -fuel oil (ANFO)
6 FF killed
1 fire apparatus obliterated
1 fire apparatus only chassis frame left
Windows broken 10 miles away
Kansas City, Ka
1994
Fixed Site - Murrah Fed. Bldg.
Rental van laden with ANFO
Deliberately set explosives
166 killed
injured
Building destroyed
Oklahoma City, Ok

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Classification of HM – 9 Classes
1. Explosives
2. Gases
3. Flammable Liquids
4. Flammable Solids
5. Oxidizers and Organics
6. Poisons
7. Radioactive
8. Corrosive
9. Miscellaneous

Basic Properties of
Hazardous Materials

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VAPOR DENSITY (VD)
Hydrogen = 0.1
Air = 1.0
Propane = 1.6
The weight of a pure vapor or gas compared
to the weight of an equal volume of dry air at
the same temperature and pressure.
(comparing gases)
Examples
Air Air
Hydrogen
Air
Air
Propane

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SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SG)
Gasoline = 0.8
Water = 1.0
Tetra Ethyl Lead = 1.6
Examples
WATER
GASOLINE
WATER
WATER
TETRA ETHYL
LEAD
WATER
The weight of a material as compared to the
weight of an equal volume of water. (comparing
liquids)

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The ability of a solid, liquid, or gas,
to dissolve in another substance
SOLUBILITY/ MISCIBILITY
WATER
OIL
Insoluble / Immiscible
WATER
&
ALCOHOL
Soluble / Miscible
Water Reactive
WATER

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Air Pressure Air Pressure
BOILING POINT (BP)
Propane - 44oF
Butane 31oF
Gasoline 100 - 400oF
Examples
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of
a liquid is equal to the atmosphere pressure of
the air (14.7 psi = 1 atm).

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FLASH POINT (FP)
The minimum temperature at which a
material produces enough vapor in order to
form an ignitable mixture with air.
Gasoline - 45oF
Benzene 12oF
Kerosene 100°-162oF
Examples
Used to define liquids:
Flammable vs. Combustible
FP < 100oF (140) vs. FP > 100oF (140)

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IGNITION TEMPERATURE (IT)
Gasoline 536oF (500-999)
Benzene 928oF
Kerosene 410oF (200-500)
Examples
Diesel Fuel 239oF (100-450)
The minimum temperature to which a material
must be raised to initiate or cause self-sustained
combustion.

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FLAMMABLE RANGE (%) (FR)
The maximum percentage of a material’s
vapor in air which will ignite.
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)/(UFL)
The minimum percentage of a material’s
vapor in air which will ignite.
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)/(LFL)
Hydrogen
LEL = 4%
UEL = 74%
Examples
Gasoline
LEL = 1.4%
UEL = 7.6%
Propane
LEL = 2.1%
UEL = 9.5%
The percentage range of vapor in air between
its Upper and Lower Explosion Limits which
will ignite.

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Determining Hazardous
Materials
• NAERG
• Shipping Papers
• MSDS
• Markings on containers
• Emergency planning documents or Risk
Management Plan (RMP)

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RECOGNITION & IDENTIFICATION
Two part process:
1. Recognizing that you have an incident
and
2. Identifying what you have

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Clues for Detection
INCREASING
RISKS
Location
L
Container Shape
C
Markings/Colors
M
Placards/Labels
P
Senses
S
Shipping Papers
S

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S
S
P
M
C
L
INCREASING
RISKS
What Clues
can we
use ?

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S
S
P
M
C
L
INCREASING
RISKS
What Clues can we use ?

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S
S
P
M
C
L
INCREASING
RISKS
What Clues can we use ?

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Typical Locations Containing
Hazardous Materials
• Warehouses
• Tank farms
• Weapons depots
• Hospitals
• Laboratories
• Truck terminals
• Flight line area
• Maintenance facilities
• Homes
• Stores
• Trash dumpsters
• Landfills
• Abandoned buildings
• Farms

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Pre-Incident Planning
People developing pre-incident plans should
seek assistance from facility managers and
use their GRTK-312 Reports and RMPs in
identifying hazardous materials locations and
record them on the plan in a way that will be
useful to the first arriving responders.

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REMEMBER!!!!!
Hazardous materials that are
manufactured, stored, processed
or used at a particular site are
NOT subject to regulations
affecting transported materials.

Typical Container Shapes
That May Indicate
Hazardous Materials

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Radioactive Container Shapes
• Protective Overpacks
– Cylindrical configuration
– Boxlike configuration
• Casks
– Rigid metal packaging
– Reinforcing rings and cooling fins

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Fiberboard
Wooden Boxes
Steel Drums

Radioactive Cask

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Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)
Something new that will soon be seen in Georgia are WIPP
shipments. The shipments contain transuranic waste, and are being
transported to Carlsbad, New Mexico. The WIPP corridor counties
are located along Interstates 20, 59 and 285 (South Loop).

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Pressurized Container Shapes
• Cylinders
• MC-331 tank trailer
• Pressure tank car
• Tube trailers, tube modules, high pressure
tube cars

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Pressurized Products - Cylinders

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MC-331
MC-331
High Pressure Tank
117

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Pressurized Tank Car
Pressurized Tank Car
Compressed Liquefied Gases
117

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High Pressure Tube Trailer
Compressed Gas/Tube
Trailer
117

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Cryogenic Containers
• Tank within a tank or “thermos bottle”
design
• Absence of top fittings on most containers
–MC 338
–Cryogenic tank car

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MC 338
MC-338 Cryogenic
Liquid Tank
117

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Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car
Low Pressure Tank Car
Liquids
131

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Corrosive Containers
• Carboy
–Glass or plastic bottles
–Encased in a protective box
• MC-312
–Long thin tank with stiffener rings
–Working platform on top

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Corrosive Containers
Carboys
Boxes

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MC-312
MC-312 Corrosive
Liquid Tank
137

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Flammable Liquid Containers
• Drums
• Jerricans
• MC 306
• Non-pressure tank car

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Jerricans
Flammable Liquid Containers
Drums

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MC 306
MC-306
Non-pressure Liquid Tank
131

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Non-Pressure Tank Car
Low Pressure Tank Car
Liquids
131

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Dry Bulk Carriers
• Pneumatic hopper carriers
– “V” shaped bottom
– Rounded sides and sloping ends
• Pneumatically unloaded hopper car
– “V” shaped bottom
– Flat/rounded sides and flat/angular sides

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Dry Bulk Carriers
Hopper Car
Dry Bulk
140

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Markings and Colors
• Labels and Placards
• Intermodal
• Military
• Hazard Communications
• Pipeline
• Container

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Labels and Placards
Basic
Colors:
RED = Flammable substances
GREEN = Non-Flammable substances
ORANGE = Explosives
YELLOW = Oxidizers
BLUE = Water Reactives
WHITE = Poisons

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Placards
• UN/NA Class numbers
(bottom of placard)
• Hazard class or ID
number on placard or
orange panel
• Symbols and colors
• Name of material

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Placards
• Required as of November 1981
• Numbers are keyed to NAERG
• Numbers can be found
– Placard
– Orange marking next to placard
– Plain white square on point configuration
– On the consist, shipping paper or bill of lading
• Some ID # are assigned to more than 1 product
• Placed on both sides and both ends

84
Table 1 Materials
Hazard Class/Division Placard Name
1.1 Explosives 1.1
1.2 Explosives 1.2
1.3 Explosives 1.3
2.3 Poison Gas
4.3 Dangerous When Wet
5.2 (Organic peroxide, Type B, liquid or
solid, temperature controlled)
Organic Peroxide
6.1 (Inhalation Hazard, Zone A or B) Poison Inhalation Hazard
7 (Radioactive Yellow III label only) Radioactive

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REMEMBER!!!
• 1001 Pound Exception
– No placards required on shipments of less than 1000
lbs. aggregate weight of Table 2 materials.
– Exception does not apply to bulk packaging or haz-mat
which requires susidiary placarding.
• Not always visible
• Identification by class
• No placarding required
– ORM-D
– Small quantities shipment
– Limited quantities transportation
– Non-bulk combustible liquid packages

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Hazard Classes and Divisions
• DOT has classified hazardous materials
according to their primary hazard and
assigned standardized symbols to identify
the classes.
NOTE: Materials are grouped by their
major hazardous characteristics and many
will have other hazards as well.

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Class 1 - Explosives
• Major Hazard: Explosion
• Any substance or article, including a device,
that is designed to function by explosion
(i.e., … an extremely rapid release of gas
and heat) or that, by chemical reaction with
itself, is able to produce an explosion.
• Divided into 6 divisions

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Class 1.1
• Mass explosion that
affects almost the
entire load
– Black powder
– Dynamite
– T-N-T
– Blasting caps
– Nitroglycerin

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Class 1.2
• Projection hazard but
not a mass explosion
hazard
– Aerial flares
– Detonation cord
– Power device
cartridges

90
Class 1.3
• Fire hazard and either
a minor blast or minor
projection hazard
– Liquid-fueled rocket
motors
– Propellant explosives

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Class 1.4
• Presents a minor
explosion hazard
– Practice ammunition
– Signal cartridges
– Electric detonators

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Class 1.5
• Very insensitive
explosives with mass
explosion hazard
– Prilled ammonium
nitrate fertilizer
– Blasting agents

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Class 1.6
• Extremely insensitive
explosives
• Does not have a mass
explosion hazard
– Detonation fuses
– Common fireworks
– Small arms ammunition

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Class 1 Placards
Multiple Hazards
Blast overpressure
Shock waves
Fragmentation
Additional fires

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Class 2 - Compressed Gases
• Major Hazard: BLEVE
• Sub Hazards:
Flammable Oxidizer
Poisonous Nonflammable
• Any material or mixture having, in the container,
an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70°F or
having an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at
130°F.

96
Common Forms of Gases
Forms
Liquefied
Non-Liquefied
Compressed in
Solution
Cryogenic
Description
Partially liquefied under
pressure at 68°F
Gaseous under pressure
at 68°F
Gases dissolved in a
liquid
Gases cooled below
boiling points (<-130°F)
Examples
Propane, Methyl
Chloride, Anhydrous
Ammonia
Hydrogen, Nitrogen,
Methane, Oxygen
Acetylene
LOX, LNG,
Hydrogen, Nitrogen,
Carbon Dioxide

97
Class 2.1 - Flammable Gases
• A material that is a gas at 68°F or
less at 14.7 psi or has a boiling
point of 68°F or less at 14.7 psi.
– Ignitable at 14.7 psi when in a mixture
of 13% or less by volume with air
– Has a flammable range at 14.7 psi
with air of at least 12% regardless of
the lower limit.
• Examples
– Inhibited butadienes, propane,
methyl chloride, methane,
hydrogen

98
Class 2.2 - Nonflammable,
Nonpoisonous Gases
• Any material/mixture that
exerts an absolute pressure of
41psi at 68°F.
• Compressed gases, including
liquefied gas, pressurized
cryogenic gas & compressed
gas in solution
– Anhydrous ammonia, cryogenic
argon, carbon dioxide, helium,
compressed nitrogen, neon

99
Class 2.3 - Poisonous Gas
• Vaporize easily and very
dangerous to life, even in
small amounts.
• Known to be so toxic to
humans as to pose a hazard to
health during transportation.
• Presumed to be toxic because
of laboratory testing.
– Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride,
arsine, diphosgene, chlorine,
methyl bromide, cyanide gas,
hydrocyanic acid

100
LC-50
(Lethal Concentration, 50%)
• Concentration of a material, expressed in
parts per million which kills half of the lab
animals in a given length of time.
• Significant in determining the toxicity of a
material; the lower the value, the more toxic
the substance

101
Class 2.4 - Corrosive Gas
This class in
used in Canada.

102
Class 2 Placards
Multiple Hazards:
BLEVE . . . Explosion
Asphyxiation . . . Toxicity
Frostbite . . .
Corrosiveness
Reactivity

103
Class 3 - Flammable &
Combustible Liquids
• Major Hazard: Burns readily
• Flammable liquids
• Combustible liquids
• Pyrophoric liquids

104
Flammable Liquids
• Any liquid having a flash
point (FP) of not more than
141°F.
• Three Divisions:
– Division 3.1 FP < 0°F
– Division 3.2 FP 0° to < 73°F
– Division 3.3 FP 73° to <141°F
• Examples
– Acetone, gasoline, amyl acetate,
methyl alcohol, toluene

105
Combustible Liquids
• Any liquid that does not meet
the definition of any other
hazard class and has a FP above
141°F and below 200°F.
– NOTE: A flammable liquid with a
FP at or above 141°F that does
not meet the definition of any
other hazard class except 9, may
be reclassified as combustible.
• Examples
– Mineral oil, no. 6 fuel oil, diesel
fuel, kerosene, cleaning solvents

106
Okay,
where’s the
RED ?
CLASS 3 - Liquids
Cleaning Solvents

107
Pyrophoric Liquids
• Any liquid which
ignites spontaneously
in air within 5 minutes
of air contact
– Aluminum Alkyls
– Alkyl borane

108
Class 3 Placards
Multiple Hazards:
Fire . . . BLEVE
Combustion Explosion
Toxicity . . . Reactivity
Contaminate H2O
Vapors heavier than air

109
Class 4 - Flammable Solids
• Major Hazard: Rapid combustion with a
liberation of mass quantities of smoke (toxic)

110
Class 4.1 - Flammable Solids
• Three types
– Wetted explosives
– Self-reactive materials
– Readily combustible solids
• Examples
– Magnesium (pellets, turning,
ribbons), nitrocellulose,
safety matches, sulfur

111
Wetted Explosives
Explosives wetted with sufficient water,
alcohol or a plasticizer to suppress explosive
properties.

112
Self-Reactive Materials
Materials that are likely to undergo, at normal
or elevated temperatures, a strongly
exothermic decomposition caused by
excessively high transport temperatures or by
contamination.

113
Readily Combustible Solids
Solids that may cause a fire through friction
and any metal powders that can be ignited.

114
Class 4.2 - Spontaneously
Combustible Materials
• Ignites in the presence of
air due to self-heating
• Pyrophoric Materials
• Self-Heating Materials
– Aluminum alkyls, charcoal
briquettes, magnesium
alkyls, phosphorus

115
Pyrophoric Materials
A solid that even in small quantities and
without an external ignition source,
can ignite within 5 minutes after
coming into contact with air.

116
Self-Heating Materials
A material that, when in contact with
air and without an energy supply is
liable to self-heat.

117
Class 4.3 - Dangerous
When Wet Materials
• Material that, by contact
with water, is liable to
become spontaneously
flammable or to give off
flammable or toxic gas at a
rate of greater than 1 L/kg
per hour.
– Calcium carbide, sodium
hydride, magnesium powder,
potassium metal alloys

118
Class 4 Placards
Multiple Hazards:
Air reactive . . . Water reactive
Spontaneous combustion
Ignite easily . . . Burn violently
Toxic/Corrosive

119
Class 5 - Oxidizers
• Major Hazard:
– Division 5.1 Supports combustion and
intensifies fire
– Division 5.2 Unstable/reactive explosives

120
Class 5.1 - Oxidizers
• Materials that may
generally, by yielding
oxygen, cause or enhance
the combustion of other
materials.
– Ammonium nitrate, bromine
trifluoride, chlorate, calcium
hypochlorite, permanganate

121
Class 5.2 - Organic Peroxides
• Any organic compound containing
oxygen in the bivalent O-O
structure that may be considered a
derivative of hydrogen peroxide,
where one or more of the hydrogen
atoms have been replaced by
organic radicals.
• Organic peroxides have been
further broken down into types a-g
(worst to least hazardous)
– Dibenzoyl peroxide, methyl ethyl
ketone peroxide, peroxyacetic acid

122
Organic Peroxides Types
• Type A - Can detonate or deflagrate rapidly as
packaged for transport. Transportation is forbidden.
• Type B - Neither detonates nor deflagrates rapidly, but
can undergo a thermal explosion.
• Type C - Neither detonates nor deflagrates rapidly and
cannot undergo thermal explosion.
• Type D - Detonates only partially or deflagrates slowly,
with medium to no effect when heated under
confinement.

123
Organic Peroxides Types
• Type E - Neither detonates nor deflagrates and shows
low or no effect when heated under confinement.
• Type F - Will not detonate, does not deflagrate, shows
only a low or no effect if heated when confined and
has low or nor explosive power.
• Type G - Will not detonate, does not deflagrate, show
no effect if heated when confined, and has no
explosive power; is thermally stable and is
desensitized.

124
Class 5 Placards
5.1 Multiple Hazards:
Supply oxygen
Sensitive to heat, shock,
friction
React with organic materials
Form ignitable materials
5.2 Multiple Hazards:
Supplies oxygen
Very sensitive to heat, shock,
friction
Release heat
Toxic

125
Class 6 - Poisons
• Major Hazard: Toxicity, Infectious
– Note: Poisonous gases are Class 2, Division 3

126
PESTICIDES
WORDS OF WARNING:
WARNING
CAUTION
DANGER = HIGHLY TOXIC
= MODERATELY TOXIC
= SLIGHTLY TOXIC
MOST COMMON FORM OF POISON

127
Class 6.1 - Poisonous Materials
• A material, other than a gas,
that is either known to be so
toxic to humans as to afford a
hazard to health during
transportation or in the absence
of adequate data on human
toxicity, is presumed to be toxic
to humans, including irritating
materials that cause irritation.
– Parathion, potassium arsenate,
tear gas candles, xylyl
bromide, hydrocyanic acid,
sodium cyanide

128
Class 6.2 - Infectious
Substances
• A viable microorganism
or its toxin that causes
disease in humans or
animals.
• Infectious substances
and etiologic agents are
the same.
– Anthrax, polio, botulsim,
rabies, tetanus

129
Class 6 Placards
Multiple Hazards:
Container rupture
Contamination of water
Flammability

130
Class 7 - Radioactive
• Major Hazard:
Radioactive poisonous burns
• Any material that spontaneously
emit ionizing radiation.
• Materials having a specific
activity greater than 0.002
microcurie per gram (Ci/g).
– Cobalt, uranium, plutonium
Multiple Hazards:
External & Internal exposure
Fire may destroy shielding
Contamination

131
CLASS 7 - Radioactives
RAM
3’
YELLOW III
RADIOACTIVE
7
III
Lowest level
Highest level
RAM
RADIOACTIVE
I
WHITE I
7
RAM
3’
RADIOACTIVE
II
YELLOW II
7

132
Class 8 - Corrosives
• Major Hazard: Burns/
emulsification skin damage
• 2nd most common haz-mat
• A liquid or solid that causes
visible or irreversible alterations
in human skin tissue at the site of
contact or a liquid that has a
severe corrosion rate on steel or
aluminum.
- Nitric acid, phosphorus trichloride, sodium hydroxide,
sulfuric acid, ammonium hydroxide

133
Class 9 - Miscellaneous
Hazardous Materials
• A material that presents a
hazard during transport, but
that is not included on another
hazard class
• Division 9.1 - Miscellaneous
Dangerous Goods (Canada)
• Division 9.2 - Environmentally
Hazardous Substances (Canada)
• Division 9.3 - Dangerous Wastes
(Canada)
Examples:
adipic acid, PCBs, molten
sulfur, hazardous waste

134
Other Regulated Materials
(ORM-D)
• A material that presents a limited hazard
during transportation due to:
–Form
–Quantity
–Packaging
• No Placard - labels only
– Consumer commodities, furniture polish

135
Forbidden Materials
• Materials prohibited from being offered or
accepted for transportation.
• Does not apply if the materials are diluted,
stabilized or incorporated in devices.
• There is no placard for these items since
they aren’t transported.

136
Dangerous Placard
• Allowed to be used if:
– 2or more classes of HM
– Non-bulk packaging
– HM classes must require
different placards
– HM must be listed by
class in Table 2 materials
• Does NOT apply to:
– Bulk packaging
– Cargo tanks
– Portable tanks
– Tank cars
– Table 1 HM

137
MARINE POLLUTANT
HOT
# # # #
Special Placards
That May Also
Be Used

138

139
MIXED LOAD

140
Markings on labels . . . What is N.O.S.?

141
Other Labels

142
Intermodal Containers
• This is new marking
system that is in the
ERG and will be
covered later in the
course.

143
Military Hazardous Materials
Marking System
1

144
Class 1, Division 1
• Materials that present
a mass detonation
hazard 1

145
Class 1, Division 2
an explosion with
fragmentation hazard

146
Class 1, Division 3
• Materials with a mass
fire hazard
3

147
Class 1, Division 4
a moderate fire hazard
4

148
Special Warnings
• Chemical hazards
Highly Toxic Harassing Agents White Phosphorus
Munitions

149
Special Warnings
Apply No Water Wear Protective
Breathing
Apparatus

150
Special Hazard
Communication Markings
• Hazardous Materials Information System
(HMIS)
• Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Labels

151
Pipeline Markers
• Pipeline Markers are
usually metal signs placed
adjacent to a hazardous
materials pipeline right of
way
• Signal Word
• Ownership of Line
– Name of carrier
– Phone number
• Transported Commodity

152
Container Markings
• Markings on a container
will provide some
indication as to type of
product it holds.
• Includes product name

153
NFPA 704 Markings
• Suggested method for identifying hazardous
materials
• Scale of 0-4
– 4 being the worst
• Used only for facilities when mandated by
local ordinance

154
NFPA 704
Colors and Their Meanings
1. Blue = Health
2. Red = Flammability
3. Yellow = Instability
(reactivity)
4. White = Special Info

155
Health 4 Too Dangerous to Enter -
Vapor or Liquid
3 Extremely Dangerous -
Use Full Protective
Clothing
2 Hazardous -Use Breathing
Apparatus
1 Slightly Hazardous
0 Like Ordinary Material
3

156
Flammability
2
4 Extremely Flammable
3 Ignites At Normal
Temperatures
2 Ignites When
Moderately Heated
1 Must Be Preheated To
Burn
0 Will Not Burn

157
Reactivity
1
4 May Detonate - Evacuate Area
if Materials are Exposed to Fire
3 Strong Shock or Heat May
Detonate - Use Monitors From
Behind Explosion Resistant
Barriers
2 Violent Chemical Change
Possible - Use Hose Streams
From Distance
1 Unstable if Heated - Use
Normal Precaution
0 Normally Stable

158
Special
Information
W Avoid Use of
Water
OX Oxidizer
ALK Used by some to
indicate Alkaline
Materials
ACID Used by some to
Indicate Acidic
Materials
W

159
Material Safety Data Sheets
• Why they are necessary
– Federal Law
– Right to Know
– Mandatory local communication on hazard
– Risk Management Plan
• OSHA requirements
– Central location
– With facility manager/employer

160
Resources For Obtaining a MSDS
1. Manufacturer
2. User
3. www.msdsonline.com (if a paid subscriber)
4. CAMEO program for EPA
5. Chemical references companies
• CHEMTREC and others
6. Association websites
• Anhydrous Ammonia Institute
• Chlorine Institute

161
MSDS Basic Information
• Manufacturers name and
location
• Name and family of
chemical
• Hazardous Ingredients
• Physical Data
• Fire and explosion data
• Health hazard data
• Spill and leak control
procedures
• Special protection
information
• Special precaution

162
MSDS Entries
• General Information
• Hazardous ingredients statement
• Physical data
• Spill and leak control procedures
• Special protection information
• Health and reactivity hazard data (as necessary)

163
Material Safety Data Sheets
Please refer to Appendix A at the back of your
student manual for an actual MSDS.

164
Shipping Papers
• Basic Information on Shipping Paper
– Shipper’s Name and Address
– Receiver’s Name and Address
– List of Shipped Materials
• Basic Entries on Shipping
– Proper Shipping Name
– Hazard Class & Division
– UN/NA Identification Number
– STCC (Standard Transportation Commodity Code)
Number
– CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) Number
– Type and quantity of containers
– Quantity of material

165
Shipping Papers Information
You will find a or X here if
shipment is Hazardous Material
Receiver’s name & address
Shipper’s Name & Address

166
Shipping Paper Entries
Indicators on a shipping paper that
hazardous materials are aboard...

167
Shipping Papers
Highway Rail Water Air
Name
“Bill of Lading”
“Freight Bill”
“Waybill”
“Consist”
“Dangerous
Cargo
Manifest”
“Air Bill”
Person
Responsible
Driver
Conductor
Engineer
Captain
Master
Pilot
Location Cab Engine
Wheelhouse
or tubelike
container
Cockpit or
Attached to
package

168
HIGHWAY

169
RAIL

170
AIR

171
WATER

172
Using Senses
• Sight
– Visible corrosive actions
– Pooling liquids
– Injured victims
– Fire and vapor cloud
– Unexplained dead animals
• Sound
– Unusual sounds (hissing, whistling)
• Odor (Some chemicals are treated so that
leaks/accidental releases can be detected)
– Chemical
– Gas Leaks

173
Limitations of Using Senses
• Close enough to smell - risk of death
• Close enough to see - risk of injury
• Touching may cause injury
• Taste - not recommended!

174
Difficulties in Determining
Specific Names
– Labels or placards missing
– Label or placard shows no product identifier
– Mixed loads
– Error in placarding or labeling
– Shipping papers are not accessible
– Facility Manager or MSDS’s not available

175
Protection of Self and Others
• Isolate the hazard area
– Evacuate
– Deny entry
• If evacuation is not possible
– Provide in-place protection
– Keep away from doors and windows
• Provide medical care
– Decontamination
• Knowing limitations will prevent yourself
becoming a victim

176
Medical Care Precautions
• Medical care providers may be faced with
the decision of whether or not to treat a
patient based on their chemical
contamination.

177
Means of Harmful
Hazardous Materials
• Thermal
• Mechanical
• Poisonous
• Corrosive
• Asphyxiation
• Radiation
• Etiologic
• Psychological

178
Ignition Sources
• Open flames
• Smoking materials
• Cutting & welding
operations
• Heated surfaces
• Frictional heat
• Radiant heat
• Static electricity
• Electrical and
mechanical sparks
• Chemical reactions
• Lightning

179
North American Emergency
Response Guidebook

180
Key Areas of ERG
• White Pages - How to use the ERG, resource telephone
numbers, pictures of ground transport vehicles and intermodal
container marking.
• Table of Placards - Provide a guide page when only a general
placard or hazard is known.
• Yellow Pages - Numerical listing by 4-digit UN/NA numbers.
• Blue Pages - Alphabetical listing by chemical not trade name.
• Orange Pages - “Guide Pages” themselves.
• Green Pages - Initial isolation and protective action distances
and water reactive chemicals.
• White Pages - Explanations and additional information.

181
Determine the Appropriate
Guidebook Page
• Four digit ID number (yellow pages)
• Name of the product (blue pages)
• Placards (table of placards)
• Dealing with an unknown

182
ERG Student Exercise 1
• Using the yellow pages:
– What is the name of this
chemical?
– What guide page are you
referred to?
1026

183
• Using the blue pages:
– What guide page should you use?
– Also, what is the chemical’s ID number?
Magnesium

184
• Using the Table of Placards:
– What guide page should you
use?

185
Orange Guide Pages
• Potential Fire and Explosion Hazard
• Potential Health Hazard
• “P” polymerization hazard (if applicable)
• Emergency Response
• Protective Clothing
• Initial isolation and protective action
distances

186
General Routes of Entry
Ingestion
Absorption
Injection
Inhalation

187
Protective Clothing
• 4 Levels of Protection
– Level D: Street Clothing/Uniforms and
Structural Fire Fighting Protective
Clothing
– Level C: Typical Industrial Cleanup Gear
– Level B: Typical Industrial Cleanup/ENTRY
gear
– Level A: Typical Toxic Atmosphere Entry
(encapsulated) Suits

188
Level D
Thermal: Low
Respiratory: None
Chemical: Low
Street Clothing or Work
Uniforms
Some particulate (dust) protection
Minimal splash protection
No vapor protection

189
Level D
Thermal: High
Respiratory:
with B/A: High
No B/A: Low
Chemical: Low
Typical Fire Fighting Gear
Some particulate (dust) protection
Minimal splash protection
No vapor protection

190
Level C
Thermal: None
Resp: Low
Chem: Medium
Typical Industrial
Cleanup Gear Good particulate (dust) protection
Good splash protection
No vapor protection

191
Level B
Thermal: None
Respiratory: High
Chemical: Medium
Typical Industrial
cleanup/ENTRY gear
Good particulate (dust) protection
Good splash protection
No vapor protection
DUCT TAPE a NO-NO !

192
Level A
Thermal: None
Resp: High
Chem: High
Typical Toxic Atmosphere Entry
(Encapsulated) Suit
Excellent particulate (dust) protection
Excellent splash protection
Excellent vapor protection
again, . . . DUCT TAPE a NO-NO !

193
Protective Actions
• Isolate hazard area
• Deny entry
• Evacuate the area or shelter-in-place
• Attempt to identify the product
• Request additional assistance

194
Initial Isolation Zone and
Protective Action Zone
Protective
Action Zone
Initial
Isolation
Distance
Initial
Isolation
Zone Downwind Distance
1/2 Downwind
Distance
1/2 Downwind
Distance

195
Differences in Isolation
Distance
• Orange Pages
– Used to protect from immediate hazards
– Materials not highlighted
– Highlighted materials involved in fire
• Green Pages
– Used for materials that present a toxic hazard
– Highlighted materials only - not involved in fire

196
Isolation Techniques
• Use a vehicle to block a road
• Rope off or barricade entrance to area
• Notify law enforcement to divert traffic
• Close doors to facility
• Use public address system

197
Targets for Criminal or
Terrorist Activity
• Places of public
assembly
• Public buildings
• Mass transit systems
a. Trains
b. Subways
c. Airports
d. Cruise Ships
• Places with high
economic impact
• Telecommunications
facilities
• Places with historical/
symbolic significance
• Military installations
• Industrial facilities

198
Chemical Incidents
• Rapid onset of medical symptoms (minutes to hours) and easily observed
signatures (colored residue, dead foliage, pungent odor, dead insects and
animals.
• Indicators of chemical agents:
– Hazmat or irrelevant lab equipment
– Intentional releases
– Unexplained sudden onset illnesses or death
– Unusual odors or tastes
– Unexplained irritations
– Unexplained bomb/munitions-like material
– Unexplained vapor clouds
– Patient signs and symptoms
– Foliage dead, discolored, withered, etc.
– Unexplained oily film on water surfaces
– Unexplained number of sick/dead animals
– Unusual security, locks, bars on windows, etc

199
Biological Incidents
• Onset of symptoms in hours to days. Typically, there will be
no characteristic signatures because biological agents are
usually odorless and colorless. Because of the delayed onset
of symptoms, the area affected nay be greater due to the
movement of infected individuals .
• Indicators of chemical agents:
– Unexplained number of sick or dying persons/animals
– Health care facilities reporting multiple casualties with similar signs
and symptoms
– Unusual spray being disseminated, especially during periods of
darkness
– Abandoned spray devices

200
• Take appropriate actions to protect yourself and others
• Communicate suspicion during notification process
• Isolate potentially exposed people and/or animals
• Document initial observation
• Preserve evidence
• Be alert for booby traps and/or explosive devices
• Establish control zones and access control points
• Prevent secondary contamination, including from handling
patients
Actions Necessary When Criminal
or Terrorist Activity is Suspected

201
Obtaining Other Assistance

202
Manufacturer
• General data and expertise
– Often one of the best resources
– Occasional difficulties develop when laboratory-
based experiences are applied to spills in the field
• Response Teams
– Manufacturers are responsible for their products.
• May provide personnel to handle cleanup
• May contract with outside party to provide for clean-up

203
TECHNICAL RESOURCES
CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300
CHEM-TEL 1-800-255-3924
INFOTRAC 1-800-535-5053
3E Company 1-800-451-8346
Emergency
Scene
Shipper
Immediate Information
Other Expertise

204
Other Important Numbers
• Canada
– CANUTEC 613-996-6666
• United States Military Shipments
– Explosives/Ammunition 1-703-697-0218
– All other dangerous goods 1-800-851-8061
• Mexico
– SETIQ 01-800-00-214-00
– CECOM 01-800-00-413-00

205
Information Needed
 Name of caller and call back number
 Location of the problem
 Shipper or Manufacturer
 Container Type
 Rail Car or Truck Number
 Carrier Name
 Consignee
 Location Conditions

206
Role of the Awareness Level
First Responder
• Guidelines are found in:
– Local emergency response plan
– Organization’s standard operating procedures
– North American Emergency Response
Guidebook

207
REMEMBER!!!
– Performing these tasks is one of the most
important tasks of the first responder awareness
level as it all starts with the first on scene.
– Before actions are implemented, information
must be gathered. This information must be
accurate to be useful to the hazardous materials
responder.

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