Voluntary actions and objective research results on water pollution raised awareness of the need to treat human waste in alpine zones in Japan. Various treatment methods were developed, including the SAT method which achieves over 99% removal of biochemical oxygen demand. A financial support program accelerated the installation of facilities, increasing installations from 10 in 1999 to over 100 by 2009. Cooperation between organizations helped establish networks to address this issue and conserve alpine environments.
The document discusses the history of waste management solutions in Rocky Mountain National Park, beginning with helicopters removing waste in the 1970s. It describes early solar toilet designs from the 1980s and issues with marmot damage, corrosion, and wind. Solutions to these problems incorporated hardware cloth, fiberglass coating, stainless steel, and bracing. Current systems require commitment to maintenance, a place to dispose of dried waste, availability of replacement parts, skills to build specialized components, and customs to deal with waste removal, as there are no perfect solutions and waste must be properly disposed of.
Groundwater and soil pollution with nitrate nitrogen by land disposal of wastewater, and a trial measure against the issues.
Tomio Suzuki (Non Profit Organization, Institute of Ecological Engineering, Japan)
Yutaro Anzai (Shinshu-University, Japan)
Akito Matsumoto (Shinshu-University, Japan)
The Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics teaches people to enjoy the outdoors responsibly without leaving a trace. It originated in the 1960s from concerns about impacts in wilderness areas. Over time, the program developed partnerships and expanded its education efforts. It now has over 500 partners and promotes minimum impact practices through various guidelines, including for mountaineering. Critical issues like waste disposal and respecting fragile environments are addressed. Partnerships are essential for delivering education and stewardship.
The document discusses capacity concepts and their application to managing use on mountains and wilderness areas. It provides examples of capacity limits set for various locations, including Mount Whitney (250 people per day), Half Dome (300 people per day), Denali (1,500 people per year), and Mount Rainier (200+ people on peak days). The document notes that capacities require value judgments and management of both type and amount of use to protect natural resources and recreational experiences.
This document discusses building sustainable tourism in Papua, Indonesia through community relationship and engagement. It provides examples of challenges such as tribal warfare, opportunities to connect with local communities through visiting schools and churches, and a model for visitors to respect local customs through protocols at religious sites. The document advocates for a relationship-based approach to tourism that benefits local communities.
The document discusses Respect the Mountains, an organization founded in 2004 to create awareness about mountain areas and promote sustainable mountain tourism. It does this through websites, presentations, films and promotional materials. It also provides solutions through an online shop and Envirotrek events. Envirotrek events are mountain clean ups that collect garbage while allowing participants to have outdoor fun and barbecues. Respect the Mountains held over 8 clean up events last year that collected over 2,600 kg of garbage and aims to do 9 events in 6 countries this season.
The document discusses climbing management plans (CMPs) and their benefits. It provides examples of how CMPs can address issues like wildlife protection, vegetation/soil impacts, cultural resources, social conflicts, and site-specific concerns. CMPs are developed through partnerships between land managers, climbers, and advocacy organizations. They establish guidelines to increase compliance, protect resources, and satisfy regulatory requirements while maintaining climbing access. Education is a key component, and examples show CMP signage informing climbers about rules and environmental stewardship.
Voluntary actions and objective research results on water pollution raised awareness of the need to treat human waste in alpine zones in Japan. Various treatment methods were developed, including the SAT method which achieves over 99% removal of biochemical oxygen demand. A financial support program accelerated the installation of facilities, increasing installations from 10 in 1999 to over 100 by 2009. Cooperation between organizations helped establish networks to address this issue and conserve alpine environments.
The document discusses the history of waste management solutions in Rocky Mountain National Park, beginning with helicopters removing waste in the 1970s. It describes early solar toilet designs from the 1980s and issues with marmot damage, corrosion, and wind. Solutions to these problems incorporated hardware cloth, fiberglass coating, stainless steel, and bracing. Current systems require commitment to maintenance, a place to dispose of dried waste, availability of replacement parts, skills to build specialized components, and customs to deal with waste removal, as there are no perfect solutions and waste must be properly disposed of.
Groundwater and soil pollution with nitrate nitrogen by land disposal of wastewater, and a trial measure against the issues.
Tomio Suzuki (Non Profit Organization, Institute of Ecological Engineering, Japan)
Yutaro Anzai (Shinshu-University, Japan)
Akito Matsumoto (Shinshu-University, Japan)
The Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics teaches people to enjoy the outdoors responsibly without leaving a trace. It originated in the 1960s from concerns about impacts in wilderness areas. Over time, the program developed partnerships and expanded its education efforts. It now has over 500 partners and promotes minimum impact practices through various guidelines, including for mountaineering. Critical issues like waste disposal and respecting fragile environments are addressed. Partnerships are essential for delivering education and stewardship.
The document discusses capacity concepts and their application to managing use on mountains and wilderness areas. It provides examples of capacity limits set for various locations, including Mount Whitney (250 people per day), Half Dome (300 people per day), Denali (1,500 people per year), and Mount Rainier (200+ people on peak days). The document notes that capacities require value judgments and management of both type and amount of use to protect natural resources and recreational experiences.
This document discusses building sustainable tourism in Papua, Indonesia through community relationship and engagement. It provides examples of challenges such as tribal warfare, opportunities to connect with local communities through visiting schools and churches, and a model for visitors to respect local customs through protocols at religious sites. The document advocates for a relationship-based approach to tourism that benefits local communities.
The document discusses Respect the Mountains, an organization founded in 2004 to create awareness about mountain areas and promote sustainable mountain tourism. It does this through websites, presentations, films and promotional materials. It also provides solutions through an online shop and Envirotrek events. Envirotrek events are mountain clean ups that collect garbage while allowing participants to have outdoor fun and barbecues. Respect the Mountains held over 8 clean up events last year that collected over 2,600 kg of garbage and aims to do 9 events in 6 countries this season.
The document discusses climbing management plans (CMPs) and their benefits. It provides examples of how CMPs can address issues like wildlife protection, vegetation/soil impacts, cultural resources, social conflicts, and site-specific concerns. CMPs are developed through partnerships between land managers, climbers, and advocacy organizations. They establish guidelines to increase compliance, protect resources, and satisfy regulatory requirements while maintaining climbing access. Education is a key component, and examples show CMP signage informing climbers about rules and environmental stewardship.
The Application and Performance of Urine Diversion to Minimize Waste Management Costs Associated with Remote Wilderness Toilets. By Geoff Hill and Greg Henry
The Tongariro Alpine Crossing in New Zealand's Tongariro National Park has seen increasing visitor numbers that now exceed 100,000 annually. There are three main concerns about managing the track sustainably: overcrowding during peak seasons, erosion from foot traffic, and funding the increasing costs of maintenance, toilets, and emergency services. Stakeholders are considering options like limiting visitor numbers through a booking system or user fees to address these challenges and protect the track as a world-class experience into the future.
The document summarizes information about the Alpine Convention and the Hohe Tauern National Park. The Alpine Convention is an international treaty between Alpine countries to protect the environmental, social, economic, and cultural dimensions of the Alps. The Hohe Tauern National Park covers an area of 1,856 square kilometers across Austria and protects diverse wildlife and plant species. It aims to balance conservation with sustainable tourism and development through visitor management strategies like trails, transportation services, and education centers.
This document discusses three organizations in Nepal that provide training to develop skilled professionals for adventure tourism:
1. Nepal Mountaineering Association provides various mountaineering and mountain rescue courses to promote adventure tourism.
2. Khumbu Climbing Center offers basic and advanced climbing courses in the Khumbu region to over 600 students, promoting safe climbing practices.
3. Himalayan Medics provides medical training to guides and local communities to prevent casualties and establish emergency response systems, recognizing the lack of trained professionals during Nepal's 2015 earthquakes.
The document emphasizes the importance of health and safety training through coordination between organizations to develop emergency response capabilities for adventure tourism in Nepal.
The document summarizes the formation and achievements of the Outdoor Recreation Consortium, a partnership between NZDA, FMC, and Trailfund NZ that was formed in 2014 to maintain huts and tracks on public conservation land in New Zealand. It discusses the risks FMC saw in being involved, the fundamentals agreed upon, what has been learned and achieved over the past two years, and looks toward continuing the momentum of volunteer maintenance work.
The document outlines the seven principles of Leave No Trace, an international movement promoting responsible outdoor recreation. It discusses the establishment of Leave No Trace in New Zealand in 2009 to inspire responsible outdoor practices through partnerships, resources, and education. The advantages of the educational approach over legislation are described, as well as key partnerships with organizations like Department of Conservation to promote the Leave No Trace principles.
Managing Aoraki/Mt Cook National Park presents challenges due to increasing visitor numbers and climate change impacts. The park tells the story of Ngai Tahu spiritual significance, geological history, early pastoralism and the rise of tourism. Key issues include how to respond to climate change threats, manage growing visitor demand and infrastructure pressures, and balance protection with recreational use through the park management plan review. Stakeholder input will help guide the plan to address these issues into the future.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses issues with New Zealand's current approach to wilderness areas and wild values. It notes that most wilderness areas have been "spoilt" and lack wildlife due to introduced predators. It also finds that the wilderness policy has largely failed to preserve true wilderness values and that wild values are being sacrificed outside of designated wilderness areas. The document argues that society needs to better promote and protect wilderness areas and wild values to have a positive impact.
The document discusses the evolution of clean climbing practices in the Alaska Range from the 1970s to present day. It outlines the issues that led to the development of practices like establishing toilets and removing human waste from popular climbing areas. Over time, solutions such as the Clean Mountain Can and transporting waste out of the area were implemented. Current research tracks the movement of glaciers and estimates when buried human waste may surface and the pathogen levels over time. International collaboration aims to continue improving waste management practices for remote climbing areas.
Mount Everest has faced environmental issues from the increasing number of climbers seeking to summit its peak. A conference was held in New Zealand in August 2016 to discuss making mountaineering on Everest more sustainable and reducing its impact on the local environment. Ideas for the future include developing renewable energy sources at base camps.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document from GNS Science discusses hazards in New Zealand mountains. It notes that mountains in New Zealand are growing approximately 5 mm per year due to ongoing collision with the Pacific plate. Over millions of years this will result in significant displacement. The document outlines many geological hazards in New Zealand mountains, including earthquakes, rock avalanches, landslides, and debris flows. It also discusses meteorological hazards such as snow avalanches. The document emphasizes that hazards should be considered holistically and on appropriate time scales, rather than through knee-jerk reactions, given the active geological environment of New Zealand mountains.
The document discusses mountaineering issues facing the Mont Blanc mountain range, which straddles the borders of Switzerland, Italy, and France. It has become a major international tourist destination attracting over 5 million visitors annually. Climate change is causing glacier melt and making traditional routes inaccessible in summer. Visitor numbers have increased substantially, putting pressure on mountain refuges and trails. There are also increasing risks of rockslides and accidents. Solutions discussed include promoting safety, reducing pollution and waste, and developing more ecofriendly practices to balance sustainability with economic growth in the region.
Trichogramma spp. is an efficient egg parasitoids that potentially assist to manage the insect-pests from the field condition by parasiting the host eggs. To mass culture this egg parasitoids effectively, we need to culture another stored grain pest- Rice Meal Moth (Corcyra Cephalonica). After rearing this pest, the eggs of Corcyra will carry the potential Trichogramma spp., which is an Hymenopteran Wasp. The detailed Methodologies of rearing both Corcyra Cephalonica and Trichogramma spp. have described on this ppt.
The modification of an existing product or the formulation of a new product to fill a newly identified market niche or customer need are both examples of product development. This study generally developed and conducted the formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay conducted by the researchers. Specifically, it answered the acceptability level in terms of taste, texture, flavor, odor, and color also the overall acceptability of enriched aramang baked products. The study used the frequency distribution for evaluators to determine the acceptability of enriched aramang baked products enriched with malunggay. As per sensory evaluation conducted by the researchers, it was proven that aramang baked products enriched with malunggay was acceptable in terms of Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color, and Texture. Based on the results of sensory evaluation of enriched aramang baked products proven that three (3) treatments were all highly acceptable in terms of variable Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color and Textures conducted by the researchers.
The Application and Performance of Urine Diversion to Minimize Waste Management Costs Associated with Remote Wilderness Toilets. By Geoff Hill and Greg Henry
The Tongariro Alpine Crossing in New Zealand's Tongariro National Park has seen increasing visitor numbers that now exceed 100,000 annually. There are three main concerns about managing the track sustainably: overcrowding during peak seasons, erosion from foot traffic, and funding the increasing costs of maintenance, toilets, and emergency services. Stakeholders are considering options like limiting visitor numbers through a booking system or user fees to address these challenges and protect the track as a world-class experience into the future.
The document summarizes information about the Alpine Convention and the Hohe Tauern National Park. The Alpine Convention is an international treaty between Alpine countries to protect the environmental, social, economic, and cultural dimensions of the Alps. The Hohe Tauern National Park covers an area of 1,856 square kilometers across Austria and protects diverse wildlife and plant species. It aims to balance conservation with sustainable tourism and development through visitor management strategies like trails, transportation services, and education centers.
This document discusses three organizations in Nepal that provide training to develop skilled professionals for adventure tourism:
1. Nepal Mountaineering Association provides various mountaineering and mountain rescue courses to promote adventure tourism.
2. Khumbu Climbing Center offers basic and advanced climbing courses in the Khumbu region to over 600 students, promoting safe climbing practices.
3. Himalayan Medics provides medical training to guides and local communities to prevent casualties and establish emergency response systems, recognizing the lack of trained professionals during Nepal's 2015 earthquakes.
The document emphasizes the importance of health and safety training through coordination between organizations to develop emergency response capabilities for adventure tourism in Nepal.
The document summarizes the formation and achievements of the Outdoor Recreation Consortium, a partnership between NZDA, FMC, and Trailfund NZ that was formed in 2014 to maintain huts and tracks on public conservation land in New Zealand. It discusses the risks FMC saw in being involved, the fundamentals agreed upon, what has been learned and achieved over the past two years, and looks toward continuing the momentum of volunteer maintenance work.
The document outlines the seven principles of Leave No Trace, an international movement promoting responsible outdoor recreation. It discusses the establishment of Leave No Trace in New Zealand in 2009 to inspire responsible outdoor practices through partnerships, resources, and education. The advantages of the educational approach over legislation are described, as well as key partnerships with organizations like Department of Conservation to promote the Leave No Trace principles.
Managing Aoraki/Mt Cook National Park presents challenges due to increasing visitor numbers and climate change impacts. The park tells the story of Ngai Tahu spiritual significance, geological history, early pastoralism and the rise of tourism. Key issues include how to respond to climate change threats, manage growing visitor demand and infrastructure pressures, and balance protection with recreational use through the park management plan review. Stakeholder input will help guide the plan to address these issues into the future.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses issues with New Zealand's current approach to wilderness areas and wild values. It notes that most wilderness areas have been "spoilt" and lack wildlife due to introduced predators. It also finds that the wilderness policy has largely failed to preserve true wilderness values and that wild values are being sacrificed outside of designated wilderness areas. The document argues that society needs to better promote and protect wilderness areas and wild values to have a positive impact.
The document discusses the evolution of clean climbing practices in the Alaska Range from the 1970s to present day. It outlines the issues that led to the development of practices like establishing toilets and removing human waste from popular climbing areas. Over time, solutions such as the Clean Mountain Can and transporting waste out of the area were implemented. Current research tracks the movement of glaciers and estimates when buried human waste may surface and the pathogen levels over time. International collaboration aims to continue improving waste management practices for remote climbing areas.
Mount Everest has faced environmental issues from the increasing number of climbers seeking to summit its peak. A conference was held in New Zealand in August 2016 to discuss making mountaineering on Everest more sustainable and reducing its impact on the local environment. Ideas for the future include developing renewable energy sources at base camps.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
This document from GNS Science discusses hazards in New Zealand mountains. It notes that mountains in New Zealand are growing approximately 5 mm per year due to ongoing collision with the Pacific plate. Over millions of years this will result in significant displacement. The document outlines many geological hazards in New Zealand mountains, including earthquakes, rock avalanches, landslides, and debris flows. It also discusses meteorological hazards such as snow avalanches. The document emphasizes that hazards should be considered holistically and on appropriate time scales, rather than through knee-jerk reactions, given the active geological environment of New Zealand mountains.
The document discusses mountaineering issues facing the Mont Blanc mountain range, which straddles the borders of Switzerland, Italy, and France. It has become a major international tourist destination attracting over 5 million visitors annually. Climate change is causing glacier melt and making traditional routes inaccessible in summer. Visitor numbers have increased substantially, putting pressure on mountain refuges and trails. There are also increasing risks of rockslides and accidents. Solutions discussed include promoting safety, reducing pollution and waste, and developing more ecofriendly practices to balance sustainability with economic growth in the region.
Trichogramma spp. is an efficient egg parasitoids that potentially assist to manage the insect-pests from the field condition by parasiting the host eggs. To mass culture this egg parasitoids effectively, we need to culture another stored grain pest- Rice Meal Moth (Corcyra Cephalonica). After rearing this pest, the eggs of Corcyra will carry the potential Trichogramma spp., which is an Hymenopteran Wasp. The detailed Methodologies of rearing both Corcyra Cephalonica and Trichogramma spp. have described on this ppt.
The modification of an existing product or the formulation of a new product to fill a newly identified market niche or customer need are both examples of product development. This study generally developed and conducted the formulation of aramang baked products enriched with malunggay conducted by the researchers. Specifically, it answered the acceptability level in terms of taste, texture, flavor, odor, and color also the overall acceptability of enriched aramang baked products. The study used the frequency distribution for evaluators to determine the acceptability of enriched aramang baked products enriched with malunggay. As per sensory evaluation conducted by the researchers, it was proven that aramang baked products enriched with malunggay was acceptable in terms of Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color, and Texture. Based on the results of sensory evaluation of enriched aramang baked products proven that three (3) treatments were all highly acceptable in terms of variable Odor, Taste, Flavor, Color and Textures conducted by the researchers.
There is a tremendous amount of news being disseminated every day online about dangerous forever chemicals called PFAS. In this interview with a global PFAS testing expert, Geraint Williams of ALS, he and York Analytical President Michael Beckerich discuss the hot-button issues for the environmental engineering and consulting industry -- the wider range of PFAS contamination sites, new PFAS that are unregulated, and the compliance challenges ahead.
Widespread PFAS contamination requires stringent sampling and laboratory analyses by certified laboratories only -- whether it is for PFAS in soil, groundwater, wastewater or drinking water.
Contact us at York Analytical Laboratories for expert environmental testing with fast turnaround times and client service. We have 4 state-certified laboratories in Connecticut, New York and New Jersey, and 4 client service centers.
P: 800-306-YORK
E: clientservices@YorkLab.com
W: YorkLab.com
Download the Latest OSHA 10 Answers PDF : oyetrade.comNarendra Jayas
Latest OSHA 10 Test Question and Answers PDF for Construction and General Industry Exam.
Download the full set of 390 MCQ type question and answers - https://www.oyetrade.com/OSHA-10-Answers-2021.php
To Help OSHA 10 trainees to pass their pre-test and post-test we have prepared set of 390 question and answers called OSHA 10 Answers in downloadable PDF format. The OSHA 10 Answers question bank is prepared by our in-house highly experienced safety professionals and trainers. The OSHA 10 Answers document consists of 390 MCQ type question and answers updated for year 2024 exams.
Emerging Earth Observation methods for monitoring sustainable food productionCIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Daniela Requena Suarez, Helmholtz GeoResearch Center Potsdam (GFZ) at "Side event 60th sessions of the UNFCCC Subsidiary Bodies - Sustainable Bites: Innovating Low Emission Food Systems One Country at a Time" on 13 June 2024
A Comprehensive Guide on Cable Location Services Detections Method, Tools, an...Aussie Hydro-Vac Services
Explore Aussie Hydrovac's comprehensive cable location services, employing advanced tools like ground-penetrating radar and robotic CCTV crawlers for precise detection. Also offering aerial surveying solutions. Contact for reliable service in Australia.
Hawk Metheny - Batch-bin composting systems on the Appalachian Trail
1. Batch-Bin Composting Systems
on the Appalachian Trail
•
Exit Strategies Conference
July 30, 2010
Hawk Metheny
Appalachian Trail Conservancy
Appalachian Mountain Club
2. The Appalachian Trail
• 2,179 miles long through 14 states
• Designated a National Scenic Trail by the 1968 National
Scenic Trails Act. A unit of the National Park System.
• Foot travel only
• ~2 million visitors per year
• Maintained by the Cooperative Management System .
Federal and state agencies/non-profit/volunteers
• 30 Trail Clubs
• ~270 designated overnight sites—each with a toilet!
6. History of Composting on the A.T.
• Batch-Bin composting systems were developed by AMC on the A.T.
in the White Mountains in the mid-1970’s in response to a sharp
increase in visitation at remote backcountry campsites. Previous
waste management systems were pit toilets, Clivus, Soltran, or
airlifting out of waste.
• Earlier systems collected both urine and feces in the same container
—required significantly more bark mulch to absorb liquids and
properly compost sewage.
• “Beyond-The-Bin (B-T-B) system developed in 1995 with 2
prototypes. Liquid separation is fundamental benefit. Full upgrade
by 1998 to 12 systems.
50. Pros and Cons
+
+ Highly effective pathogen
mortality-- over >99.99%
reduction
+ Inert, soil-like end product
+ Inoffensive outhouse odor
+Suitable for high use areas
capable of processing
substantial volume in one
season
+Visitor education and
stewardship opportunity
+ Relatively low tech
-
- External mixing agent required
- Dedicated personnel
- Moderate amount of infrastructure
- Moderate initial upfront cost