The document discusses inflation, including its definition, causes, and effects. Inflation is defined as a rise in general price levels reported as a percentage change from a base year. Common causes of inflation include demand-pull factors like shortages, cost-push factors like increases in wages, and excessive monetary growth outpacing economic growth. Effects of inflation include a decreased purchasing power of currency, changes in consumer and investor spending habits, speculation on high-risk investments, and changes to the distribution of income between lenders and borrowers.
The document discusses communicative competence and its components. It defines discourse competence as the ability to connect utterances together cohesively and coherently to form meaningful texts. It notes that cohesion refers to how linguistic elements are connected, while coherence refers to how ideas are connected in a meaningful way. The document also discusses ways to lengthen sentences such as through the use of conjunctions, complements, and combining short sentences. It provides examples to illustrate each technique. Finally, it outlines six standards for assessing communicative ability based on the work of Canary and Cody: adaptability, conversational involvement, conversational management, empathy, effectiveness, and appropriateness.
The document discusses inflation, including its definition, causes, and effects. Inflation is defined as a rise in general price levels reported as a percentage change from a base year. Common causes of inflation include demand-pull factors like shortages, cost-push factors like increases in wages, and excessive monetary growth outpacing economic growth. Effects of inflation include a decreased purchasing power of currency, changes in consumer and investor spending habits, speculation on high-risk investments, and changes to the distribution of income between lenders and borrowers.
The document discusses communicative competence and its components. It defines discourse competence as the ability to connect utterances together cohesively and coherently to form meaningful texts. It notes that cohesion refers to how linguistic elements are connected, while coherence refers to how ideas are connected in a meaningful way. The document also discusses ways to lengthen sentences such as through the use of conjunctions, complements, and combining short sentences. It provides examples to illustrate each technique. Finally, it outlines six standards for assessing communicative ability based on the work of Canary and Cody: adaptability, conversational involvement, conversational management, empathy, effectiveness, and appropriateness.
3. "Ang panulat ay mas makapangyarihan
kaysa espada"
'Pen is mightier than sword"
-Edward Bulwer Lytton
Pagkaing Pangkaisipan
4. A. Ano ang Paksa ng tekstong akong isusulat?
B. Ano ang aking layunin sa pagsulat nito?
C. Saan at Paano ako makakakuha ng sapat na
datos kaugnay ng aking paksa?
Ilang mga Batayang Tanong para sa
paghahanda ng isang sulatin
5. D. Paano ko ilalahad ang mga Datos na akong
nakalap upang maging higit na makahulugan
ang aking paksa?
E. Sino ang babasa ng aking teksto?
Ilang mga Batayang Tanong para sa
paghahanda ng isang sulatin
6. F. Paano ko maibabahagi sa aking mambabasa ang
malalaman ko sa aking paksa?
G. Ilang oras ang aking gugugulin sa pagsulat?
H. Paano ko pa mapagbubuti ang asking teksto?
Ilang mga Batayang Tanong para sa
paghahanda ng isang sulatin
