Hadith Methodology.pptx

Hadith
Methodology
Part I to IV
pptx prepared by Dr. Mayeser
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Hadith
Methodology
Meaning, Concept and
Authority
Part I
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Word- Meaning And Usage
Literally – Communication, story, conversation. If used
as an adjective it means ‘new’.
Usage in the Quran
• A) Religious Communication 39:23 “ Allah has revealed the most
beautiful hadith in the form of a book.”
• B) Story of a secular or a general nature 6:68 “...until they begin
hadith of some other thing.”
• C) Historical Story 20:9 “Has the hadith of Musa reached thee.”
• D) Current story or Conversation 66:3 “When the Prophet confided
a hadith to one of his wives.”
pptx prepared by Dr. Mayeser drmayeser@gmail.com

Usage of the word in the sayings of the
Prophet (pbuh)
• A) Religious commmunication “ The Best hadith is the
Book of Allah.”
• B) Secular or General conversation or tale “ One who
tries to evesddrop on the hadith...”
• C) Historical Story “ You may transmit hadith from Banu
Israel.”
• D) Current Story, Secret or Conversation “ If someone
tells a hadith and goes his way, his words become a
trust.”

According to
Muhaddithin
and Jurists
• Muhaddithin- “what
was transmitted on the
auhtority of the
Prophet (pbuh) his
deeds, saying, tacit
approval, or
description of his sifat
( features) meaning his
physical appearance.
• Jurist Exclude –
Physical appearence
• Hadith and Sunnah as
synnonyms
• Athar for the sayings of
the companions

The word Sunnah
Literally – a way, course, rule, mode
or manner of acting, or conduct of
life.
Plural ‘Sunnan’- used in the Quran 16
times
Fiqh books – Shariah (non-
compulsory religious practice) { as a
Source of Law }
Tariqat ad-din (Model behaviour of
the Prophet)

Why Sciences of Hadith?
Authentic
Authentic
Mistakes Fabrication

Why was this
painstaking
task done?
The Unique Position of the Sunnah of the Prophet
(pbuh)
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Conclusion
The whole life, decisions ,judgements and commands of
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) have binding authority and
ought to be followed in all spheres of life by Muslim
individuals and community as well as by Muslim States.
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Hadith
Methodology
The Prophet (pbuh) and his Ahadith :
Teaching, Learning and Diffusion
Part II
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Teaching
Verbal
Teaching
Written
Medium
Practical
Demonstration

Verbal Form
Repeat thrice
Deputations were
given in charge of
Madinites- asked
Questions to test the
extent of learning

Written method
Letters to kings, rulers,
chieftains and Muslim
Governors
eg. A letter containing
the khutbah to Abu
Shah, a Yemenite

Practical Demonstration
Ablution,
Prayer
Fasting
Pilgrimage
etc.

Diffusion
Reward for
Students
Rewards for
the Teacher
Threat of
Punishment
Incentives
Pass on
knowledge
Last Sermon
Delegates
Directions
Bir Maunah
Najran
Hadramaut
Schools

Companions learning the
Ahadith

Period of the Sahabah
eg: Abu Hurayrah Divide the night intothree
Recollection
of Ahadith
Prayer
Sleeping

Jazakallahukh
air
Book: Studies in Hadith
Methodology and Literature-
M.Mustafa al-Azami
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Hadith
methodology
Tahammul al-ilm :Carrying of
Knowledge of Ahadith
Part III
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Studying of Ahadith in earlier Days
•the teachers read to the students
1) Sama -
•the students read to the teacher
2) Ard
•to permit someone to transmit the ahadith without the authority of
the scholar
3) Ijazah
• the written material handed over
4) Munawalah-
•to write ahadith for someone
5) Kitabah
•inform that the informer has permission.
6) I’lam
•entrust books
7) Wasiyah
•to find some book or Ahadith
8) Wajadah

Sama- Reading by the teacher to
the students
Oral Recitation of
Ahadith by the
teacher
• Students attached
to the teacher for a
long time
• Called Rawi or Sahib
Reading from books
• teachers book
• Students book
• Students would
insert something
and handover to
check the memory

Sama- Reading by the teacher to the
students • Students would read a part and
the teacher would complete
Question and
answer
• Not encourage b’cos the students
would gather much knowledge in a
short time
Dictating the
Ahadith
• Book or memory
Method of
dictation
• Loud voice for larger audience
Mustamlis

Sama- Reading by the teacher to the
students
• Some student who could write
fast – others check their copy
later
Select
someone for
writing
• Students would help each other
or under the masters
Correction of
written work
• Wooden board used
The writing
material

Ard- Reading to the Teachers
( Qari- from among the
students) reads it to the
teacher and others
compare their own book (
Kitaab or Waraaq) and
later copied
Most common
practice
Made circle to show
Ahadith read

Ijazah- Permission
To permit someone to
transmit on authority
of a certain scholar
To safeguard
A permits B to narrate
Sahih al-Bukhari on
the authority of A –
copy includes the
reading certificate-
incude the name of A

Munawalah- Handing a Book to a
student
Give a student a
manuscript
along with the
authority to
transmit it
• Not common

Kitabah- correspondence
Writing Ahadith and give
someone to transmit – ( learning
through correspondence)
Rightly guided caliphs sent letters
containing Prophet’s (pbuh)
Ahadith eg.: Ibn Abbas’ writings
to Ibn Mulaykah and Najdah

I’lam – To inform about Ahadith
Informer has
permission to
transmit certain
books on the
authority of
certain scholars

Wasiyah
Entrust book to transmit
on the authority
•Eg.: Abu Qilabah to Abu
Sakhtiyani

Wajadah
Finds someone's book
without any permission

Terms used to describe transmission of ahadith
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Haddathana (Thana; Na)
-Learning through reading
by the teacher (Sama)
Akhbarana; Ana; Arana
-read by the students to
the teacher ( Ard )
Anbana
(Ijazah; Munawalah;
Haddhathana an Ijazatan;
Munawala Samiah)
An
-all methods
Terms

Certificate of reading
At the end culminated with ‘Tabaq’ –
for no further entry
• No fees taken from the students at times the
students were sponsered
• Ages of the students – first and foremost memorise
the Quran and at the age of 20 join the circle of the
Muhaddithin
If attended the class at the Age of 5 yrs
and below written as Hadara only
Attendance regularly
taken

Hadith
methodology
Recording of Ahadith
Part IV
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Recording of Ahadith
For 100 years transmitted orally
Al-Zuhri recorded at the order of
Umar bin Abdul Aziz
Some companions recorded art
the time od the Prophet (pbuh)
Some tranmitted few ahadith
whereas others transmitted many

Companions
Abu Hurayrah
Anas bin Malik
Ibn Umar
Aisha
Umar bin al-Khattab
Ibn Abbas
Ali bin Abi Talib

Abu
Hurairah
Reported to
have written
books
Transmitted
537
9 students
have
reported
from him

• Transmitted 2630
• 18 Students wrote from him
Ibn Umar
• 16 students wrote from him
Anas Bin Malik
• Her nephew Urwah wrote
Aisha
Ibn Abbas
Jabir bin Abdullah
• He himself wrote
Abu Said al-Khudri
• Transmitted 748
Ibn Masud
• Transmitted 700
Abdullah bin Amr
• Transmitted 537
• Send official letters
Umar bin Al-Khattab
• Transmitted 536
Ali bin Abi Talib

Some misunderstanding about the recording of Hadith
Misinterpretation of the word of the
Tadwin, Tasnif and Kitabah (record)
Misunderstanding of the terms
Haddathana, Akhbarana, An (Oral)
Memory of the Arab unique
Hadith of the Prophet against recording
Misinterpretation of the statements of
the early scholars on recording

Abu Said al-Khudri
“Do not write from me anything except the Quran and
whosoever has written anything from me other then the
Quran should erase it”
Sahih Hadith
Imam al- Bukhari says this statement of Said al-Khudri
is erroneously attributed to the Prophet (pbuh)

The Prophet
(pbuh) sent
letters
containing the
forms and
rituals
The Quran
commands to
write financial
transaction
The
companions
themselves
recorded who
forbade writing
the hadith

Conclusion
“The Prophet’s (pbuh) disapproval
of writing down Ahadith most
probably meant the writing of
the Quranic and the non-
Quranic material on the same
sheet because that, might have
led to the miunderstanding”

Misintrepretation of early scholars’ statement
(which led to the conclusion that the ahadith were recorded very late)
Many
scholars
wrote
ahadith but
they disliked
doing so
because :-
• Not based on the Prophet’s
(pbuh) teaching
• Ibrahim al-Nakhai states “
whoever writes becomes
dependent on it
• The bedouins say: a word in
your memory better thean
ten in your book
• Amir al- Shabi says “ I neither
wrote with black or white nor
did I ask any man to repeat a
hadith twice to me” – it was
only to show his great power
of memory. – in another
statement he advices his
student to write if not paper
than wall

The recent research have proved that
almost all the Ahadith of the
Prophet(pbuh) were written down in
the life of the companions, which
stretched to the end of the first
century
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Jazakallahukhair
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Hadith Methodology.pptx

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