This is an introductory paper on the principles of hadith

1. ‫سٹدی‬
‫سرکل‬
‫اصول‬
‫الحدیث‬

2. ‫کے‬ ‫اصول‬
٣
‫علم‬ ‫بڑے‬
• Usool At-Tafseer
• Usool Al-Hadith
• Usool Al-Fiqh

3. USOOL AT-TAFSEER / ULOOM AL
QURAN
• Tafseer Sciences
• Tajweed
• Arabic Script
• Aijaz ul Quran
• Asbab un Nuzool
• Nasikh Wa Mansookh
• Arabic Grammar
• Ghareeb al-Quran
• Science of rulings from
Quran
• Organization of Quran
relation between its chapters
• Balaghah of Quran
• Themes within Quran

5. FROM WHERE DID THE USOOL
SCIENCE CAME
• The companions could ask the Prophet PBUH
• The companions then started teaching and formed their schools of teaching
• Their students spread to vast areas;
• As the message starting going far and wide, there was need to formulate Usool for
understanding the message
• There were people who started mis-representing the Quran for their own purposes
(e.g. Khwarij)
• Muslims had great reverence and love for the Prophet PBUH – some people started to
use this for their purposes and started formulating the ahadith

6. FROM WHERE DID THE USOOL
SCIENCE CAME (CONT)
• The Greek philosophy also came in and started to pollute the deen
• The scholars then took decided to settle this matter - the early scholars then
formulated the methodologies called ‘Usool’
• These Usool were based on the guidance from Quran and Sunnah
• With this, the message of Islam was protected. Allah swt not only preserved the words
of Quran, but also the meaning of what He revealed.

7. OUR PLAN – INSHA ALLAH
• Tonight:
– Usool At-tafseer
– Usool Al-Hadith
• Next Shab Bedari:
– Usool Al-Fiqh
– Qawaid Al-Fiqh

8. WHY DO WE NEED USOOL AT-TAFSEER
NOW A DAYS
• We have got people in recent century (M. Abdou, Rashid Ridaa, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan,
Pervaiz etc.) who prefer their intellect over the clear Quranic message. They want to
prove everything through science and what science is unable to prove, they deny that
or make funny interpretations about it
• Qadyanis are trying to deceive Muslims through their ideologies
• New inventions and problems are coming to light; accordingly, we need to understand
how to derive rulings from Quran and sunnah

9. HOW TO UNDERSTAND THE QURAN
‫كثير‬ ‫ابن‬ ‫قال‬
:
"
‫بعضا‬ ‫بعضه‬ ‫يفسر‬ ‫والقرآن‬
.
‫ثم‬ ،‫به‬ ‫يفسر‬ ‫ما‬ ‫أولى‬ ‫وهو‬
‫اآلثار‬ ‫ثم‬ ،‫الصحيحة‬ ‫األحاديث‬
.
For non-Arabs, understanding of classical Arabic language is an important skill
in the science of tafseer too.

10. TAFSEER OF QURAN BY QURAN

11. TAFSEER OF QURAN BY HADITH

12. TAFSEER OF QURAN FROM HADITH
• Allah swt says:
• Does Quran describe how to offer prayer? How Allah swt has explained this to us through
ahadith.
So in order to understand the Quran, we have to refer to what Quran explains about it and
how hadith explains it – all the relevant nusoos together

13. TAFSEER OF QURAN BY ATHAR

14. TAFSEER OF QURAN BY ARABIC
LANGUGE
• Necessitated because of the entry of foreign words in Arabic and change of meaning
of original words over time
• The classical language is preserved as well
• Classical Arabic literature
• Lisan ul Arab – meanings of words with references
• Ali R.A. the founder of Arabic grammar

15. PUTTING THE FOURTH STEP ABOVE
OTHERS CAN BE CRITICAL
• Abdullah Yusuf Ali, for example, mentioned about ‘Burooj’ as Zodiac signs
• Whereas, in classical Arabic, it refers to configuration of stars.
• As a result of this mistake, some English speaking Muslims thought that Astrology is
permissible in Islam

16. TAFSEER OF QURAN BY ISRAEELIYAT

17. TAFSEER OF QURAN BY RA’Y
• Based on own philosophy and intellect (Mutazali’s during the Abbasids era)
• “logic” is used as a criterion
• ‘Ashab ul Hadith’ and ‘Ashab ul Ra’y’

18. WARNING ABOUT OPINION-BASED
TAFSEER

19. WHY HAVE WE DISCUSSED THAT
• So that you can select the correct tafaseer and pick the things that are based on own
thoughts rather than the nusoos
• Try to learn classical Arabic language
• Save yourself from deviant ideologies that can ruin our faith

20. USOOL AL-HADITH

21. COMPILATION
• Did the companions record the ahadith?
• Abdullah Ibn Amr consulted the Prophet PBUH regarding writing of hadith
• Abu Shah of Yemen wanted the farewell sermon to be written
• We were with ‘Abdullaah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Aas about contantinople (trunk was brought)
• Abu Hurairah R.A. had trunks of hadith records too
• Ibn Abbas R.A. used to record ahadith himself and also employed the slaves in his possession to do
the same
• Ibn al-Jawzee compiled a list of all the companions who related traditions, gives the names of about
1,060 together with the number of hadeeths related by each.
• The age of Saheefah’s

22. IJAZAH
• Ijazah of various forms
– Samaa (reading by teacher)
– Ard (reading by students to teacher)
– Ijazah (permission to tansmit after teacher hears from the student)
– Munaawalah : Granting Books
– Kitaabah : Correspondence
– I‘laam : Announcement (certificate of authority to transmit)
– Wasiyyah : Bequest of Books Wajaadah : Discovery of Books
• Records of attendance and place of sessions were recorded

23. RECORDING OF BIOGRAPHIES OF
NARRATORS
• Started by Umar Ibn Abdul Aziz R.A. (reign 99 to 101 AH)

24. FORMAL BOOKS BASED ON FIQHI
ASPECTS
• 2nd century – Mussanafs that recorded ahadith according to topics (e.g. Muwatta Imam
Malik)
• Then Musnad (according to person from whom narrations were coming)
• A number of other books were written in this period too (e.g. by Imam Auzaai and
others)
• 3rd century – era of Saheeh’s
• Do Sihah Sitta have all the sound ahadith?
• Are all the sound ahadith captured in Sihah Sitta?

25. TWO PARTS OF HADITH
• Sanad
• Matn
• Both a critically analysed to verify authenticity of hadith
• Abdullaah ibn al-Mubaarak (d. 181AH), one of the illustrious teachers of Imaam
alBukhaaree, said: “The isnaad is from the religion. Were it not for the isnaad anyone
could say anything he wished.” By the end of the first century the science of isnaad was
fully developed.

26. 3 COMMON GRADES OF HADITH
•Saheeh
•Hassan
•Daif

27. CAN DAIF AHADITH BE USED IN
RELIGION?
• In the matters of Aqeedah?
• In the matters of Fiqh?
• In the matters of virtue (Fadhail)?

29. CONDITIONS OF AUTHENTICITY
• Ittisaal as-Sanad
• ‘Adaalah (integrity)
• Dabt (strongness)
– Dabr as-Sadr (memory)
– Dabt al-Kitabah
• Ghayr Shaadh (conformity with Saheeh / stronger traditions)
• Laa Illah

30. QUESTIONS
• I found a hadith which is mentioned as weak in a book but scholars use that often
• I found a hadith mentioned as Hasan in a book but the scholars reject that
• Works of Imam Nasir ud Din Albani
• Is the criteria for Saheeh Ahadith the same for all the books of Saheeh Ahadith?
• What is ‘Mutawatir’ type of hadith?
• What is one of the most Mutwatir hadith?

32. AHAD AHADITH
• Can they be used?

33. EXAMPLES OF SOME ISSUES WITH
CONNECTIVITY OF CHAIN
• Muallaq narrations – Just the top of the chain and nothing else
• Mursal – Skipping a companion
• Are they accepted:
– Many of the early Imams: No
– Imam Abu Hanifah, Imam Ahmed and some others: Yes
– Imam Shafi’i and some others: Conditional
• Munqati
• Mu’dal (double break)
• Mudallas
• How are the Mudallis narrators treated
• Mawdoo narration – a known lier
• Matrook (from taraka – left due to potential issues)
• Munkar (left due to issues with dabt)

34. APPARENT CONFLICTS
• Jam’a
– Aam and Khas
– Example of Sunnah of Fajr prayer
– Example of moving the finger in tashahud
• Tarjeeh
• Naskh

35. JARH WA TADEEL
• Critism from various angles

36. WHY THE SCIENCE OF HADITH IS
IMPORTANT

37. WOMEN
SCHOLARS
OF HADITH

40. F U R T H E R R E A D I N G