H pylori

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University of Sabratha
College of Pharmacy – AL Jamil
Subject: Microbiology 2
Subject lecturer: Dr. Osama Yossef
Entitled: “Helicobacter pylori”
BY:
Ahmed Muftah Salem Osama Mustafa
Abdaljalil
Hassan Saleh Tarom Sameh Dow Alydudi

2. List of Contents:
■ Objectives
■ Introduction
■ Important properties
■ Source and Transmission
■ Diagnosis
■ Diseases
■ Treatment
2

3. Objectives:
 H. pylori has a great ability to resist destruction
by stomach acid.
 Human GI tract is the only reservoir for H. pylori
 H. pylori causing Chronic Gastritis and
Duodenal Peptic Ulcer .This ulceration is most
often chronic and recurrent and may lead to
complication such as bleeding, anemia, and
perforation
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4. Introduction
4
 Transmission occurs via
the fecal oral route.
 H. pylori is a genus of
Gram-negative bacilli ,
bacteria in the
Enterobacteriaceae
family.

5. Important properties
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 Microaerophilic, fastidous,
non-spore forming, non-
capsulated, motile bacteria. i
 Gram negative S-shape or
comma shape rods

6. Source and Transmission
-
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 Transmission occurs via the
fecal oral route.
 Human GI tract is the only
reservoir for H. pylori.
 There is a direct relationship
between increased age and
increased likelihood of H. pylori
infection

7. Virulence factors
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1- Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide)
2- H. pylori has a great ability to resist
destruction by stomach acid.

8. Virulence factors
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3- Flagella enables movement into and
within the protective mucus layer of the
stomach.
4- Urease enzyme generates ammonium
ions to buffer gastric acid; this enables
survival within the hostile acidic
environment.

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Diagnosis
 One can test non invasively
for H. plori infection with
a blood antibody test, stool
antigen test.
 Diagnosis of infection is
usually made by checking for
dyspeptic symptoms and by
tests which can indicate H.
pylori infection.

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Diagnosis
 OR with the carbon urea breath test:
(in which the patient drinks 14C- or 13C-
which the bacterium metabolizes, producing labeled
carbon dioxide that can be detected in the breath).

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Diagnosis
 However, the most reliable method for detecting H.
pylori infection is a biopsy check during
endoscopy with a rapid urease
test, histological examination, and microbial culture.
 There is also a urine
ELISA test with a 96%
sensitivity and 79%
specificity.

12. Electron micrograph of Helicobacter pylori possessing
multiple flagella (negative staining). The spiral
morphology of Helicobacter pylori
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Diseases
 Chronic Gastritis :
Symptoms: causes some nausea or
upper abdominal discomfort, but in
many cases the patient is
asymptomatic.
 Duodenal Peptic Ulcer:
(H. pylori is No. 1 causative agent).
Symptoms: burning upper
abdominal pain; occurs 1-3 hours
after meals; pain is worse at night
but relieved by eating or use of
anti-acids.

14. This ulceration is most often chronic and recurrent and
may lead to complication such as bleeding, anemia,
and perforation.
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Diseases
Carcinoma: occurs in the
setting of H. pylori
Gastric Peptic Ulcer: similar to
duodenal ulcer Gastric

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Under the stomach mucus layer

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Treatment:
H. pylori infections are usually treated with at least two
different antibiotics at once. This helps prevent the bacteria
from developing a resistance to one particular antibiotic.
Treatment may also include medications
to help your stomach heal, including:
1) Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): These drugs stop acid from being
produced in the stomach. Some examples of PPIs are
omeprazole (Prilosec), esomeprazole (Nexium), lansoprazole
(Prevacid) and pantoprazole (Protonix).

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Treatment:
H. pylori infections are usually treated with at least two
different antibiotics at once. This helps prevent the bacteria
from developing a resistance to one particular antibiotic.
Treatment may also include medications
to help your stomach heal, including:
2) Bismuth subsalicylate: More commonly known by the brand
name Pepto-Bismol, this drug works by coating the ulcer and
protecting it from stomach acid.

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Treatment:
H. pylori infections are usually treated with at least two
different antibiotics at once. This helps prevent the bacteria
from developing a resistance to one particular antibiotic.
Treatment may also include medications
to help your stomach heal, including:
3) Histamine (H-2) blockers : These medications block a
substance called histamine, which triggers acid production. One
example is cimetidine (Tagamet HB). H-2 blockers are only
prescribed for H. pylori infection if PPIs can't be used.

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Conclusion
■ H. pylori is a genus of Gram-negative bacilli , bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family.
■ Human GI tract is the only reservoir for H. pylori. -Transmission occurs via the fecal oral
route. Has Virulence factors: Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), H. pylori has a great ability
to resist destruction by stomach acid, Flagella , Urease enzyme generates ammonium
ions to buffer gastric acid; this enables survival within the hostile acidic environment.
One can test non invasively for H. plori infection with a blood antibody test, stool antigen
test the most reliable method for detecting H. pylori infection is a biopsy check during
endoscopy with a rapid urease test , histological examination, and microbial culture.
■ Chronic Gastritis ,Duodenal Peptic Ulcer, Gastric Peptic Ulcer: similar to duodenal ulcer
Gastric ,Carcinoma .treatment by Combination of the following Ranitidine (H2 blocker) +
Bismuth salts + Amoxycillin +Metronidazole.

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References
■ Medical Microbiology, edited by Jawetz,E., Brooks,G.F.; Carroll,K.C.;Butet,J.S.; Mores,S.A.and Mietzner,T.A.
2010. 25 th ed.
■ Medical Microbiology, edited by Jawetz,E., Brooks,G.F.; Butet,J.S and Mores,S.A. 2004. 23 th ed.
Internet access
: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic
■ Discovery of 8-Hydroxyquinoline as a Histamine Receptor 2 Blocker Scaffold | ACS Synthetic Biology
■ H. Pylori Infection: How Do You Get, Causes, Symptoms, Tests & Treatment (clevelandclinic.org)
■ H. pylori Bacteria Infection: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention (webmd.com)
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