Barack Obama was the first African American president of the United States. He was born in 1961 in Hawaii to a white American mother and Kenyan father. Obama faced questions about his racial identity as a mixed-race child and studied political science and law at Occidental College, Columbia University, and Harvard Law School. He worked as a community organizer and civil rights attorney and taught constitutional law before entering politics as a state and later U.S. senator from Illinois. In 2008, Obama was elected the 44th U.S. president, running on a platform of ending the Iraq War, achieving energy independence, and enacting universal healthcare reform.