A brief introduction to International trade and GVCs. Followed by a critical analysis of India's participation in global trade and
GVCs and the steps that can be taken to improve it.
A slideshow highlighting the positive effects of globalisation. India burgeoning middle-class now can take advantage of the many retail outlets, malls, shops, restaurants, cinemas.
This document provides an overview of the impact of globalization on India's economy and broadcasting industries. It discusses how India has opened up to international trade and investment, leading to privatization and liberalization in many sectors. This includes the deregulation and privatization of India's broadcasting industry in the late 1990s, allowing foreign media conglomerates to enter and transforming India from a state-controlled broadcast system to one with nearly 70 private television channels. The globalization of India's economy and media landscapes has presented both opportunities and challenges for the country.
This presentation was done by combining many presentations and docs on slideshare. I got it from slideshare so thought of sharing it with everyone who will need it...
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
This document discusses multinational corporations and foreign capital. It covers several topics:
- Foreign capital is vital for filling investment gaps, technology gaps, and foreign exchange gaps in developing economies. It allows for higher investment than domestic savings can support.
- Multinational corporations (MNCs) provide different types of private foreign capital like foreign direct investment. Their capital inflows help developing countries grow by supporting larger projects.
- India's government policies towards foreign capital have changed over time, becoming more open after 1991. Foreign investment is now seen as better than loans for filling capital needs.
- However, actual foreign capital inflows to India have been limited despite many proposals and approvals. The document
Shantanu Tyagi is a class 11 student at Green Feilds School. The document provides an overview of multinational corporations (MNCs), including their definition, structure, advantages, and criticisms. It discusses how MNCs have evolved over time and provides examples of large MNCs. India is highlighted as an important location for MNCs due to its large population and growing economy. Challenges faced by both foreign and domestic MNCs in India are also outlined.
Multi National Corporations by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )Neeraj Bhandari
Multinational corporations (MNCs) operate simultaneously in multiple countries. When a company establishes subsidiaries in other nations from its home nation, it becomes an MNC, driving the process of globalization where local companies serve worldwide markets. MNCs have large size, intellectual capital, and operations in many countries, serving large numbers of customers and competitors. They make decisions in a structured way. MNCs are attracted to India due to its huge market potential, foreign direct investment policies, labor competitiveness, and macroeconomic stability serving over one billion people. Some major Indian MNCs include Asian Paints, Tata Motors, and Tata Chemicals.
Tamil Nadu has a strong and growing economy, as evidenced by its GSDP which grew at a CAGR of 11.46% between 2011-12 and 2018-19, reaching Rs. 16.06 trillion (US$ 222.58 billion) in 2018-19. The state has a diversified industrial base and thriving services sector, especially in IT/ITeS. It also has robust infrastructure including roads, ports, airports, and an emphasis on further infrastructure development. With various initiatives like Vision 2023, Tamil Nadu aims to boost its economy and attract significant domestic and foreign investments over the coming years.
A slideshow highlighting the positive effects of globalisation. India burgeoning middle-class now can take advantage of the many retail outlets, malls, shops, restaurants, cinemas.
This document provides an overview of the impact of globalization on India's economy and broadcasting industries. It discusses how India has opened up to international trade and investment, leading to privatization and liberalization in many sectors. This includes the deregulation and privatization of India's broadcasting industry in the late 1990s, allowing foreign media conglomerates to enter and transforming India from a state-controlled broadcast system to one with nearly 70 private television channels. The globalization of India's economy and media landscapes has presented both opportunities and challenges for the country.
This presentation was done by combining many presentations and docs on slideshare. I got it from slideshare so thought of sharing it with everyone who will need it...
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
This document discusses multinational corporations and foreign capital. It covers several topics:
- Foreign capital is vital for filling investment gaps, technology gaps, and foreign exchange gaps in developing economies. It allows for higher investment than domestic savings can support.
- Multinational corporations (MNCs) provide different types of private foreign capital like foreign direct investment. Their capital inflows help developing countries grow by supporting larger projects.
- India's government policies towards foreign capital have changed over time, becoming more open after 1991. Foreign investment is now seen as better than loans for filling capital needs.
- However, actual foreign capital inflows to India have been limited despite many proposals and approvals. The document
Shantanu Tyagi is a class 11 student at Green Feilds School. The document provides an overview of multinational corporations (MNCs), including their definition, structure, advantages, and criticisms. It discusses how MNCs have evolved over time and provides examples of large MNCs. India is highlighted as an important location for MNCs due to its large population and growing economy. Challenges faced by both foreign and domestic MNCs in India are also outlined.
Multi National Corporations by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )Neeraj Bhandari
Multinational corporations (MNCs) operate simultaneously in multiple countries. When a company establishes subsidiaries in other nations from its home nation, it becomes an MNC, driving the process of globalization where local companies serve worldwide markets. MNCs have large size, intellectual capital, and operations in many countries, serving large numbers of customers and competitors. They make decisions in a structured way. MNCs are attracted to India due to its huge market potential, foreign direct investment policies, labor competitiveness, and macroeconomic stability serving over one billion people. Some major Indian MNCs include Asian Paints, Tata Motors, and Tata Chemicals.
Tamil Nadu has a strong and growing economy, as evidenced by its GSDP which grew at a CAGR of 11.46% between 2011-12 and 2018-19, reaching Rs. 16.06 trillion (US$ 222.58 billion) in 2018-19. The state has a diversified industrial base and thriving services sector, especially in IT/ITeS. It also has robust infrastructure including roads, ports, airports, and an emphasis on further infrastructure development. With various initiatives like Vision 2023, Tamil Nadu aims to boost its economy and attract significant domestic and foreign investments over the coming years.
Brics skill development 20161012 whitepaper summary_vfChandni Bose
1. The document discusses skill development needs for Industry 4.0 in BRICS nations. It notes that Industry 4.0 will transform manufacturing through technologies like automation, IoT, and AI.
2. BRICS nations have seen increasing economic contributions but have lower adoption of Industry 4.0 compared to developed nations. This presents challenges and opportunities for skill development in BRICS as they work to adopt new technologies.
3. The whitepaper makes recommendations for BRICS collaboration on skill development initiatives like curricula development, training programs, skills competitions, and standardizing qualification frameworks to help prepare workers for Industry 4.0.
This document discusses several major Indian multinational companies across different industries. It provides details on Tata Motors and Mahindra in the automobile industry, Infosys, TCS, and Wipro in the information technology industry, ONGC in the energy industry, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories in the pharmaceutical industry, and Hindalco in the manufacturing industry. The document outlines key features of these companies such as revenue, profits, number of employees, locations of offices and manufacturing plants. It also briefly discusses the merits and demerits of multinational companies investing in India.
This document provides an introduction to multinational corporations (MNCs) and discusses some of the largest MNCs like Microsoft and McDonald's. It explains that MNCs engage in production and services across multiple nations. Microsoft and McDonald's are two examples that are explained in more detail, covering their CEOs, founders, operations in India, and products/services offered. The document also discusses advantages of MNCs in India like foreign direct investment and job creation, and disadvantages such as political risks and loss of local businesses.
Most companies define emerging markets as the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China) or BRICS countries plus Indonesia and South Africa. Brazil, China and India are seen as equally important emerging markets for 2012-2017, while interest in Russia lags behind. The next tier of emerging markets gaining attention spans Asia, Latin America, Europe and Africa, led by Indonesia and South Africa. Interest levels vary by region, with European companies prioritizing Asia and Latin America over nearby Russia.
Multinational corporations have significant economic power and influence on developing countries and their populations. They can affect women's health by employing them in large numbers under certain conditions. Some pharmaceutical multinationals have also acted unethically in developing world contexts, such as testing unapproved drugs on children or pressuring governments over intellectual property. However, multinational investment can also generate jobs and skills training, as well as technology and knowledge transfers to host countries.
The document provides an overview of the Indian economy as an emerging global power. It notes that India is the 10th most industrialized country and 4th largest economy by GDP at purchasing power parity. Some key points are:
- India has a strong services sector accounting for over 50% of GDP, with industry and agriculture making up the remainder.
- The economy has experienced strong real GDP growth of over 9% in recent years, with corporate earnings growth over 20%.
- Projections estimate India's GDP will surpass Japan's by 2032 and per capita income will increase 35-fold by 2050, cementing India as the third largest economy.
International Business (IB) consists of all commercial transactions between two or more countries and involves the exchange of goods, capital, services, and other economic resources across national borders. Studying IB is important because most companies either operate internationally or compete with international companies. The modes of operations and best practices for conducting business may differ between countries. Understanding IB helps with career decisions and determining what governmental policies to support.
This document provides information about Microsoft Corporation India, a subsidiary of Microsoft Corporation. It discusses Microsoft's founding and major products. Microsoft Corporation India began operations in 1990 and has played a role in India's growth as a knowledge economy. It works closely with the Indian government and sectors like education. Microsoft India has six business units serving different customer types. The document provides financial information about Microsoft Corporation and lists its main competitors. It also discusses Microsoft India's clients, suppliers, and management team.
The sourcing for apparel retailers have never been so diverse. A lot of changes have been taking place in the global garment industry. Production is moving away from China. Vietnam and Bangladesh are being developed strongly but still the wage bomb is ticking anyway at these locations too. Ethiopia is one such nation which is absorbing this shift confidently and becoming active garment manufacturing destination.
MNCs in India & Nestle International marketingsurabhi agarwal
This document discusses international marketing and top multinational companies (MNCs) in India. It provides details about 10 top MNCs in India: 1) Hewlett-Packard, 2) IBM, 3) Ingram Micro, 4) Cisco, 5) Oracle, 6) SAP, 7) Intel and Accenture, 8) Microsoft, 9) SAP. It describes each company's operations, growth, and strategies in India. MNCs play an important role in globalization and offer jobs worldwide with competitive salaries and benefits.
This document discusses emerging markets and their importance globally. It defines emerging markets as industrializing countries entering world trade, primarily in Asia and Latin America. There are approximately 45 emerging market countries according to various indexes. Emerging markets have large, young populations and are experiencing rapid economic and GDP growth. By 2050, emerging markets' combined GDP is projected to be nearly twice as large as developed economies currently. As a result, emerging markets will account for 70% of the world's economic growth in the coming decades and represent a significant business and trade opportunity for multinational corporations.
160329 report on market study of ethiopian textile and apparel sectorNtalemu
This document is a market study report on the Ethiopian textile and apparel sector submitted to Enterprise Partners in March 2016. It finds that while the sector has grown significantly over the past decade, it still faces challenges around low capacity utilization, productivity and quality issues that prevent it from reaching its full potential. Key recommendations include improving workforce skills, upgrading outdated machinery and technology, strengthening support services and addressing bureaucratic inefficiencies.
This document discusses globalization and its impact on India. It begins by defining globalization and noting how advances in transportation and technology have contributed to increased global integration. It then outlines how globalization has created new opportunities for developing countries like India through greater market access and technology transfer. The document further analyzes India's economic growth and performance since initiating globalization reforms in the 1990s, and discusses both the benefits and challenges of globalization for India. It concludes by stating that while India is progressing rapidly due to globalization, challenges around rural poverty, corruption, and political instability remain.
This document provides an overview and summary of key trends that will shape the Indian technology services industry between now and 2020. It discusses how the industry has grown rapidly over the past decade but now faces risks from the global economic slowdown. The document outlines several major global megatrends, such as the rising economic power of Asia and demographic changes in developed countries, that will alter the industry landscape in coming years by expanding some markets and shrinking others. It asserts that opportunities exist for the industry if it transforms its business models and talent strategies to address the changing needs of customers.
This document discusses the potential effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail in India. It covers the historical trends in FDI in India, the current state of FDI, and the organization of India's retail industry. It then analyzes the potential impacts of FDI in multi-brand retail on different stakeholders, including retail workers who may lose jobs, local shopkeepers who may be put out of business, wholesale shopkeepers who will be disintermediated, and producers who may benefit from better market access. The document cautions that while producers may benefit, many retail and supply chain workers are likely to experience job losses or business closures if large foreign retailers enter the market.
An insight study of Aviation, Automobile, and Leather Industry of INDIA. Brief but precise information about INDIA as an economy in various defined sectors and how it is coming on the world platform and competing with global players.
The document discusses Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India, specifically in the retail sector. It defines FDI and provides examples of major foreign retailers interested in the Indian market. It outlines the Indian government's policies that allow 51% FDI for multi-brand retail and 100% for single-brand. The document also discusses the types of FDI, sectors that attract FDI in India, and both the advantages and disadvantages of allowing FDI in the retail sector.
Franchising in India is still developing but expected to grow 400% in the next 3-5 years as Indian consumers are exposed to international brands and willing to spend on lifestyle items. India has a large population of 1.25 billion people in a stable democratic environment with high economic growth rates, making it one of the fastest growing economies in the world and presenting opportunities for franchising.
Franchising is booming in India due to increasing consumption, purchasing power, and preferences for branded products among consumers. Reasons for the boom include growing demand factors like the middle class's increased spending ability as well as supply factors such as more entrepreneurs and awareness of franchising's opportunities. The franchising industry is expected to contribute more to India's GDP and employ more people between 2012 and 2017, indicating continued growth.
The document discusses globalization and its impact on the Indian economy. It notes that globalization has led to new trade and production patterns in India, with developing countries like India now able to produce finished goods rather than just exporting raw materials. It also discusses India's growing economy, with rising GDP, exports, FDI inflows, and per capita income. However, it notes India still faces challenges of unemployment and balancing economic growth with political demands.
India's economy has grown rapidly in recent decades due to four key drivers: 1) a demographic dividend from a large young workforce, 2) a consumption dividend from a growing middle class, 3) a knowledge dividend from skilled labor and competitive costs, and 4) potential productivity gains. Continued reforms across sectors like infrastructure, banking, trade, and agriculture can further accelerate growth by realizing the benefits of these dividends. However, challenges remain around developing workforce skills, improving governance, reducing fiscal deficits, and sustaining political will for reforms.
New economic policy 1991 AND Indian economyhegde-rohit
The document discusses India's business environment and its integration into the global economy. It outlines key aspects of India's liberalization beginning in 1991 including privatization and globalization. It describes characteristics of globalization and multi-national companies. It also lists sectors that have developed significantly in India and factors both favoring and posing obstacles to further globalization and economic growth. Foreign direct investment trends and the growth of India's industrial, services and other economic sectors are summarized.
Brics skill development 20161012 whitepaper summary_vfChandni Bose
1. The document discusses skill development needs for Industry 4.0 in BRICS nations. It notes that Industry 4.0 will transform manufacturing through technologies like automation, IoT, and AI.
2. BRICS nations have seen increasing economic contributions but have lower adoption of Industry 4.0 compared to developed nations. This presents challenges and opportunities for skill development in BRICS as they work to adopt new technologies.
3. The whitepaper makes recommendations for BRICS collaboration on skill development initiatives like curricula development, training programs, skills competitions, and standardizing qualification frameworks to help prepare workers for Industry 4.0.
This document discusses several major Indian multinational companies across different industries. It provides details on Tata Motors and Mahindra in the automobile industry, Infosys, TCS, and Wipro in the information technology industry, ONGC in the energy industry, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories in the pharmaceutical industry, and Hindalco in the manufacturing industry. The document outlines key features of these companies such as revenue, profits, number of employees, locations of offices and manufacturing plants. It also briefly discusses the merits and demerits of multinational companies investing in India.
This document provides an introduction to multinational corporations (MNCs) and discusses some of the largest MNCs like Microsoft and McDonald's. It explains that MNCs engage in production and services across multiple nations. Microsoft and McDonald's are two examples that are explained in more detail, covering their CEOs, founders, operations in India, and products/services offered. The document also discusses advantages of MNCs in India like foreign direct investment and job creation, and disadvantages such as political risks and loss of local businesses.
Most companies define emerging markets as the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China) or BRICS countries plus Indonesia and South Africa. Brazil, China and India are seen as equally important emerging markets for 2012-2017, while interest in Russia lags behind. The next tier of emerging markets gaining attention spans Asia, Latin America, Europe and Africa, led by Indonesia and South Africa. Interest levels vary by region, with European companies prioritizing Asia and Latin America over nearby Russia.
Multinational corporations have significant economic power and influence on developing countries and their populations. They can affect women's health by employing them in large numbers under certain conditions. Some pharmaceutical multinationals have also acted unethically in developing world contexts, such as testing unapproved drugs on children or pressuring governments over intellectual property. However, multinational investment can also generate jobs and skills training, as well as technology and knowledge transfers to host countries.
The document provides an overview of the Indian economy as an emerging global power. It notes that India is the 10th most industrialized country and 4th largest economy by GDP at purchasing power parity. Some key points are:
- India has a strong services sector accounting for over 50% of GDP, with industry and agriculture making up the remainder.
- The economy has experienced strong real GDP growth of over 9% in recent years, with corporate earnings growth over 20%.
- Projections estimate India's GDP will surpass Japan's by 2032 and per capita income will increase 35-fold by 2050, cementing India as the third largest economy.
International Business (IB) consists of all commercial transactions between two or more countries and involves the exchange of goods, capital, services, and other economic resources across national borders. Studying IB is important because most companies either operate internationally or compete with international companies. The modes of operations and best practices for conducting business may differ between countries. Understanding IB helps with career decisions and determining what governmental policies to support.
This document provides information about Microsoft Corporation India, a subsidiary of Microsoft Corporation. It discusses Microsoft's founding and major products. Microsoft Corporation India began operations in 1990 and has played a role in India's growth as a knowledge economy. It works closely with the Indian government and sectors like education. Microsoft India has six business units serving different customer types. The document provides financial information about Microsoft Corporation and lists its main competitors. It also discusses Microsoft India's clients, suppliers, and management team.
The sourcing for apparel retailers have never been so diverse. A lot of changes have been taking place in the global garment industry. Production is moving away from China. Vietnam and Bangladesh are being developed strongly but still the wage bomb is ticking anyway at these locations too. Ethiopia is one such nation which is absorbing this shift confidently and becoming active garment manufacturing destination.
MNCs in India & Nestle International marketingsurabhi agarwal
This document discusses international marketing and top multinational companies (MNCs) in India. It provides details about 10 top MNCs in India: 1) Hewlett-Packard, 2) IBM, 3) Ingram Micro, 4) Cisco, 5) Oracle, 6) SAP, 7) Intel and Accenture, 8) Microsoft, 9) SAP. It describes each company's operations, growth, and strategies in India. MNCs play an important role in globalization and offer jobs worldwide with competitive salaries and benefits.
This document discusses emerging markets and their importance globally. It defines emerging markets as industrializing countries entering world trade, primarily in Asia and Latin America. There are approximately 45 emerging market countries according to various indexes. Emerging markets have large, young populations and are experiencing rapid economic and GDP growth. By 2050, emerging markets' combined GDP is projected to be nearly twice as large as developed economies currently. As a result, emerging markets will account for 70% of the world's economic growth in the coming decades and represent a significant business and trade opportunity for multinational corporations.
160329 report on market study of ethiopian textile and apparel sectorNtalemu
This document is a market study report on the Ethiopian textile and apparel sector submitted to Enterprise Partners in March 2016. It finds that while the sector has grown significantly over the past decade, it still faces challenges around low capacity utilization, productivity and quality issues that prevent it from reaching its full potential. Key recommendations include improving workforce skills, upgrading outdated machinery and technology, strengthening support services and addressing bureaucratic inefficiencies.
This document discusses globalization and its impact on India. It begins by defining globalization and noting how advances in transportation and technology have contributed to increased global integration. It then outlines how globalization has created new opportunities for developing countries like India through greater market access and technology transfer. The document further analyzes India's economic growth and performance since initiating globalization reforms in the 1990s, and discusses both the benefits and challenges of globalization for India. It concludes by stating that while India is progressing rapidly due to globalization, challenges around rural poverty, corruption, and political instability remain.
This document provides an overview and summary of key trends that will shape the Indian technology services industry between now and 2020. It discusses how the industry has grown rapidly over the past decade but now faces risks from the global economic slowdown. The document outlines several major global megatrends, such as the rising economic power of Asia and demographic changes in developed countries, that will alter the industry landscape in coming years by expanding some markets and shrinking others. It asserts that opportunities exist for the industry if it transforms its business models and talent strategies to address the changing needs of customers.
This document discusses the potential effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail in India. It covers the historical trends in FDI in India, the current state of FDI, and the organization of India's retail industry. It then analyzes the potential impacts of FDI in multi-brand retail on different stakeholders, including retail workers who may lose jobs, local shopkeepers who may be put out of business, wholesale shopkeepers who will be disintermediated, and producers who may benefit from better market access. The document cautions that while producers may benefit, many retail and supply chain workers are likely to experience job losses or business closures if large foreign retailers enter the market.
An insight study of Aviation, Automobile, and Leather Industry of INDIA. Brief but precise information about INDIA as an economy in various defined sectors and how it is coming on the world platform and competing with global players.
The document discusses Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in India, specifically in the retail sector. It defines FDI and provides examples of major foreign retailers interested in the Indian market. It outlines the Indian government's policies that allow 51% FDI for multi-brand retail and 100% for single-brand. The document also discusses the types of FDI, sectors that attract FDI in India, and both the advantages and disadvantages of allowing FDI in the retail sector.
Franchising in India is still developing but expected to grow 400% in the next 3-5 years as Indian consumers are exposed to international brands and willing to spend on lifestyle items. India has a large population of 1.25 billion people in a stable democratic environment with high economic growth rates, making it one of the fastest growing economies in the world and presenting opportunities for franchising.
Franchising is booming in India due to increasing consumption, purchasing power, and preferences for branded products among consumers. Reasons for the boom include growing demand factors like the middle class's increased spending ability as well as supply factors such as more entrepreneurs and awareness of franchising's opportunities. The franchising industry is expected to contribute more to India's GDP and employ more people between 2012 and 2017, indicating continued growth.
The document discusses globalization and its impact on the Indian economy. It notes that globalization has led to new trade and production patterns in India, with developing countries like India now able to produce finished goods rather than just exporting raw materials. It also discusses India's growing economy, with rising GDP, exports, FDI inflows, and per capita income. However, it notes India still faces challenges of unemployment and balancing economic growth with political demands.
India's economy has grown rapidly in recent decades due to four key drivers: 1) a demographic dividend from a large young workforce, 2) a consumption dividend from a growing middle class, 3) a knowledge dividend from skilled labor and competitive costs, and 4) potential productivity gains. Continued reforms across sectors like infrastructure, banking, trade, and agriculture can further accelerate growth by realizing the benefits of these dividends. However, challenges remain around developing workforce skills, improving governance, reducing fiscal deficits, and sustaining political will for reforms.
New economic policy 1991 AND Indian economyhegde-rohit
The document discusses India's business environment and its integration into the global economy. It outlines key aspects of India's liberalization beginning in 1991 including privatization and globalization. It describes characteristics of globalization and multi-national companies. It also lists sectors that have developed significantly in India and factors both favoring and posing obstacles to further globalization and economic growth. Foreign direct investment trends and the growth of India's industrial, services and other economic sectors are summarized.
How to do business in the Indian Market for Kiko Milano.Giacomo Caleffi
India has experienced significant growth and development over the past six decades, transforming from a country dependent on grain imports into a global agricultural powerhouse and net food exporter. It has also emerged as a major player in industries such as pharmaceuticals, steel, and technology. However, India still faces issues such as a high public deficit, inflation, and bureaucracy that can deter foreign investment. Kiko Milano, an Italian cosmetics brand, should consider establishing a joint venture manufacturing plant in Maharashtra, India to produce and sell products locally, capitalizing on India's large and growing cosmetics market and lower costs while mitigating risks through a local partner.
global perspectives(mgmt-(8110)SEC-7(SEM-2019’FALL’)ASSIGNMENT.docxshericehewat
global perspectives(mgmt-(8110)SEC-7(SEM-2019’FALL’)
ASSIGNMENT-Research Essay
Research topic-EMERGING MARKET IN INDIA
Thesis statement - “My research paper will focus upon different aspects of Emerging market as well as its impact on Indian economy. “As proposed in essay proposal I will first focus on the concept of Emerging markets and how they are having an impact on global businesses.
· What is Emerging Market?
= After a proper research I figured that emerging markets concept reside in developing countries. Wherein these emerging or underdeveloped economies are making a shift from their traditional economies which was originally residing on resource based industries like agriculture, oil or export of raw materials. These economies are growing at a very fast pace to more productive capacities where they are attracting foreign capital and are rapidly industrializing. Critically, they are moving to free/ mixed economies and are becoming more integrated with the global economy with its increase in trade volume, increase in liquidity, equity market. Not only this, they are also focusing on improved infrastructure: as at present they do not have such robust infrastructure to support fast-paced growth. Some other general indicators are high growth rate, competitiveness, high ROI with high risk rate, unified currency and stocks, low-to-middle per capita income and are some social instability. (Sraders, 2018) (Chappelow, 2019) (Amadeo, 2019)
Some of the characteristics of emerging markets are given below: -
1)Low to middle average per capita Income-Emerging markets have low to middle average per capita income depicting low living standards and a lot of scope for improvement. Unemployment usually in these economies is more and more and more people are deployed on single task, thus, resulting in lower wages for the workforce.
2)High potential for growth-These economies has high potential for growth, their market requires lot of capital investment. These market owing to their scope for high growth attract more of foreign investment. These economies provide higher-than-average returns for investors.
3)High volatility- These economies are highly volatile, they are very much subjected and vulnerable to social, political and economical changes. As these economies are very much reliant on agriculture and resource based they can be severely impacted by natural disaster, external price shocks and domestic policy instability leading a groundwork for future development.
4)Currency Swings- Emerging markets face more volatile to currency swings in comparison to U.S dollar that’s because they do not have enough power to influence such movements. These fluctuations also result in commodities swing as of oil and food.
5)High growth rate associated with High risk- These economies owing to huge potential are growing fast and are rapidly industrializing resulting in higher growth rate even in comparison to some of the developed economies. For e.g.: -growth rate in ...
A PPT on Globalisation and Indian Economy. This PPT is designed keeping in view the syllabus of class X, NCERT. But is useful for others also who wants to know about Golbalisation, related terms and its positive and negatie impacts.
Contemporary issues and Challenges in Global Economic Environment - Indian perspective: Globalization and
its Advocacy, Globalization and its Impact on India, Fair Globalization and the Need for Policy Framework,
Globalization in Reverse Gear-The Threatened Re-emergence of Protectionism. Euro zone Crisis and its impact
on India, Issues in Brexit, World recession, inflationary trends, impact of fluctuating prices of crude oil, gold
etc.
Business Environment Of China France Hongkong EssayMandy Cross
This document analyzes Brazil's economic performance and growth as an emerging economy. It discusses how Brazil industrialized in a similar way to India in the 1950s by adopting import substitution policies to become self-reliant. However, Brazil saw high inflation and a slow growth of its domestic market in the later years, leading to a trade deficit. In contrast, India's lack of competition created inefficiencies but its large population provided a strong domestic market. The document examines Brazil and India's experiences with import substitution policies as emerging economies.
Meet the 2014 BCG Global Challengers (2)Vivek Singh
The document discusses the 2014 BCG Global Challengers report, which profiles companies from emerging markets that have significant global ambitions and growth potential. Some key points:
- The list of challengers has grown more diverse over time, with companies now headquartered in 18 countries compared to 10 previously.
- 13 new companies joined the list in 2014 across industries like food, beverages, telecom and infrastructure. Many are targeting the growing global middle class in developing markets.
- Global challengers have significantly outpaced competitors in revenue growth and job creation in recent years.
Business Environment - Unit-4 - IMBA - Osmania UniversityBalasri Kamarapu
Business Environment - Unit-4 - IMBA - Osmania University
Liberalisation, Privatisation, and Globalisation (LPG) in Indian Economy:
Concept of LPG
Process of LPG followed in India
Globalization and role of WTO
Regional Trading Blocks
India’s Foreign Trade and Agreements with Trading Blocks.
Highlights of the LPG Policy
Foreign Technology Agreements
Foreign Investment
MRTP Act 1969 (Amended)
Industrial Licensing
Deregulation
Beginning of Privatisation
Opportunities for overseas trade
Steps to regulate inflation
Tax reforms
Abolition of License-Permit Raj
Advantages of Globalisation in India
Industrial Licensing
Deregulation
Beginning of Privatisation
Opportunities for overseas trade
Steps to regulate inflation
Tax reforms
Abolition of License-Permit Raj
Advantages of Globalisation in India
Types of Regional Trading Blocs
Trade blocs can be stand-alone agreements between several states (such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) or part of a regional organization (such as the European Union).
Depending on the level of economic integration, the trade blocs can fall into the 6 different categories, such as preferential trading areas, the free trade areas, the customs unions, the common markets, the economic union and monetary unions & the political union.
Preferential Trade Area: Preferential Trade Areas (PTAs) exist when countries within a geographical region agree to reduce or eliminate tariff barriers on selected goods imported from other members of the area. This is often the first small step towards the creation of a trading bloc.
Hospitality Laws
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A study & comparative analysis of hul & itc performanceMumbai University
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1. 1 | P a g e
Topic Discussed
A proposed solution which can convey how GVCs have changed and
are changing the international trade and what policies your country
governments support to broaden participation in GVCs.
Part I
“Every man lives by exchanging” – Adam Smith
Brief historical reference to International trade and role of GVCs in its
development.
The barter of goods or services among different peoples is an age-old practice,
probably as old as human history. International trade, however, refers specifically
to an exchange between members of different nations, and accounts and
explanations of such trade can be found in.
(I) The Silk route
(II) Experts from the trade between the Roman Empire and India.
(III) Rise of the modern nation-state at the close of the European Middle Ages.
The primary catalysts to promote the international trade are the forces of the
demand and supply. When demand for a product is higher than the supply that can
be filled by that country’s own available resources, that’s when firms/nations
search beyond their borders for better prospects and abundant availability of
resources to fulfill the demand and supply gap.
The flow of international trade picked pace post the first Industrial revolution due
to increase in production capabilities, rise in population and better shipping
capabilities. However, the real boost in International trade was achieved post
World War II, the annual global exports grew 40 times in 2014 compared to 1950
2. 2 | P a g e
leveleven though global exports fell post 2008 financial crises.
This was possible due to better manufacturing processes and techniques, and
global collaboration among nations. This lead to the rise of the concept called
Global Value Chains (GVCs).
As per WDR 2020, GVCs is “A global value chain breaks up the production process
across countries. Firms specialize in a specific task and do not produce the whole
product.”
As a result, where one item which was sourced, produced and consumed entirely
in only one nation. Now, the raw material(s) for the same product is/are sourced
from one nation, designed in other nation, produced in another and finally
utilized/consumed in multiple nations, where partner nations can be neighbors or
nations that are continents apart.
Following is an attempt to explain GVCs using Apple IPhones.
3. 3 | P a g e
Source: Dedrick (2010) and Dedrick (2018)
By efficiently utilizing the benefits of GVCs, Apple Inc. has been able get, literally,
“The best of all the worlds”. It has been able to manufacture its products using
components from the best manufacturers, assemble products in labor-intensive
regions at competitive prices and market for consumers all around the world, all of
that at very competitive production costs resulting in high profit margins. As for
partner countries, they all benefited long term by advantages like job creation,
better standard of livings for their citizens and inflow of capital in the form of FDIs.
This is one of the most successful example of the long-term benefits to nations and
firms owing to effective and efficient participation in Global Value Chains.
Designed and Prototyped
in U.S.A.
Cuircuits, camera modules
and processors from Taiwan
and South Korea
Assembled in China
Marketed and sold All around
the world
3.0%
59.5%
19.40%
12.5%
2.6%
3.0%
Distribution of Value Added in Apple
iPod - 2010
China
U.S.A.
Unidentified
South Korea
Japan
Taiwan
28.9%
28.5%
20.1%
9.2%
6.9%
3.6%2.8%
Distribution of value added in iPhone 7
- 2018
U.S.A
Japan
Taiwan
Unidentified
South Korea
China
Europe
Global Value Chain of
Apple IPhones
4. 4 | P a g e
Part II
How Global Value Chains can transform India’s stand in global exports
and What Indian Government can to do reap the benefits of GVCs?
Sub part - A
Introduction to India’s historic trade position and some crucial reforms, in
recent times, with respect to international trade.
India, since ancient times has been a trade friendly nation, which has always
believed in open trade and welcomed merchants from other nations. One of the
earliest records of international trade involving India are the records mentioning
robust trade between the Roman Empire and the India post the aborted invasion
by Alexander the Great in 4th
century BCE.
The voyage of Vasco da Gama from Lisbon, Portugal to India in 1498 in search of
Indian spices market, is revered as one on the greatest moments in human
exploration.
However, the continuous animosity and competition among hundreds of princely
states paved way for hostile forces to take advantage of political unrest and finally
came the “British Raj” and downturn of India. After Independence in 1947, the bad
past experience due to open international trade caused India to close its market for
International players for most trades and commodities. But that action had severe
repercussions as Indian government kept relying on external debt and Indian
Industry was far behind in production capabilities compared to countries like China,
which had robust participation in Global Value Chains and were efficiently utilizing
their labor-intensive market along with effective deployment of Forward
Participation strategy.
This dire condition lead to a massive event in Indian trade and business in modern
times “Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization Reforms in 1991”. Entry to
foreign MNCs was allowed and government laid out systematic plans to make
5. 5 | P a g e
Indian economy less dependent on State-owned public sector companies and more
on private sector companies.
Post the 1991 reforms, India’s share in merchandise (goods) exports has grown at
13.2 per cent per annum and its share in world exports has increased from 0.6 per
cent in 1991 to 1.7 per cent in 2018. However, compared to China with 12.8% share,
this progress is paltry,
Nonetheless, growth in exports provided a much-needed pathway for job creation
in India where increased exports explain the conversion of about 800,000 jobs from
informal to formal between 1999 and 2011, representing 0.8 per cent of the labor
force (ILO report 2019).
Sub – part B
“Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off your goal.” – Henry Ford
Identification and analysis of reasons for India’s low share in world exports and
low participation in GVCs.
India’s lackluster export performance can be linked following challenges.
• More focus on diversification of exports rather than specialization.
• Focus on capital-intensive products in the export not on Labor-intensive
products.
• Low level of participation within industries in India.
Explanation
India, post 1991 reforms, focused on core areas like steel and other heavy
engineering to improve its share in world exports. However, over time, this focus
shifted to services like Business Process Outsource and Information technology
related sector. Further, with the increase in middle income population and
discretionary income the Indian market grew and production of two-wheeler, four-
wheeler vehicles improved, prompting various MNCs like Renault, Suzuki, Toyota,
6. 6 | P a g e
Honda etc. apart from several Indian companies to ramp up their production
capabilities to catch up to the rising demand of automobile sales. As a result, India,
in 2018, became the 4th
largest producer automobiles and exports were around 5
million units in 2018.
Apart from these heavy industries, government is also focusing on boosting the
exports of textiles and India-centric textiles like jute manufactured products,
handicrafts and khadi cloth. Further, since last decade, Indian Pharmaceuticals
industry has also improved its share in world exports with organizations like Serum
Institute of India, in association with Oxford University, getting worldwide orders
for production of Covid-19 vaccine as soon as it finish all mandatory trials and is
declared safe for human use. Additionally, large scale initiatives under “Make In
India” initiative were taken under the new government and smartphone
manufacturing facilities improved rapidly and now India is the 2nd
largest
manufacturer of smartphones in the world, second only to China, producing more
than 1 billion handsets each year.
All these massive developments but still India’s share in world exports lags so much
behind when compared to countries like China. Reason being, intense focus on
diversification and not on specialization. India’s position is that of “Jack of all
trades, Master of none.”
Further, India focused more on capital-intensive products which improved India’s
GDP but also widened the gap between rich and poor. Where on one hand
population is increasing at a rapid pace but not enough jobs created to support the
population. As a result, even after 30 years of 1991 reforms, more than 10% of
employed population is still below poverty line in India.
Sub – part C
”If everyone is moving forward together, then success takes care of itself” – Henry Ford
Suggested reforms in policies that can be considered to improve
India’s participation in world exports and GVCs
7. 7 | P a g e
The conceptual Framework for gains from “Assembling in India” as a part of
“Make in India”
1) Higher level of participation in GVCs
A higher level of participation in GVCs implies that, for any given country, the share
of foreign value added in gross exports is higher than when most inputs are sourced
locally. However, owing to scale and productivity effects of selling in the world
markets, participation in GVCs can lead to higher absolute levels of domestic value
added and domestic job creation. The scale effect creates millions of jobs and is
therefore particularly suited for implementation in a labor-intensive economy such
as India.
2) Focus on specialization in sectors rather that diversification
It is clear from the example of China and Vietnam that nations and its firms benefit
more by focusing on specific sectors in early stages and later as those industries
grew and nourished they focused on other sectors. Eg. In 1980s, China focused
more on production and assembly of electronic products. As years went by and it
became a specialized center in global Electronics Market, it began to focus on other
sectors like automobiles and infrastructure.
India needs to focus on sectors where it can make the best use of its Labor-intensive
market and efficient use of the commodities that it can procure easily i.e.
commodities available domestically.
Greater Use of
Imported Inputs
Scale and Productivity
Effect for Producing for
the World
Greater
Participation
in Assembly
Share of
Foreign
Value Added
in Gross
Exports
increases
$ value of
gross exports
rises
significantly
$ value of
Domestic
Value Added
increases
significantly
Number of
Jobs
Increases
significantly
8. 8 | P a g e
Textile is one such sector where India can benefit from its labor-intensive market
and this is also the sector where the automation has not progressed much
compared to other sectors like manufacturing automotive, chemicals etc. As a plus,
many textile commodities like cotton, jute etc are grown in India locally and also
from neighboring countries like Pakistan etc. whereas chemical can be procured
from China.
Other sectors which India needs to focus more is education, where skilled human
capital plays a very important role and India can play a very important role thanks
to the current digitalization boom during and post Covid-19.
Following these suggested reforms, India is expected to become an active
participant of GVCs and reap the benefits that accrue from this effort in the form
of massive growth in job creation, development of Indian industry, more FDI
inflows increased share in world exports and better standard of living for Indians.
Sources, References:
https://www.adb.org/countries/india/poverty
https://www.britannica.com/topic/international-trade
https://ourworldindata.org/trade-and-globalization
http://www.iariw.org/India/veeramani.pdf
Veeramani, Aerath and Gupta (2018) based on UN-Comtrade (WITS) database (A)
Veermani and Dhir (2016)
Thank you for reading!
Have a very nice day!