The document provides an overview of MAPINFO and TEMS Investigation software used for cellular network optimization. MAPINFO is a desktop GIS software that allows users to visualize and analyze spatial data. TEMS Investigation is a drive test tool used for troubleshooting, verification, optimization, and maintenance of wireless networks. The document discusses key concepts like optimization process, MAPINFO and TEMS interface, parameters, and how tools are used to observe network performance metrics and identify issues.
Coverage of WCDMA Network Using Different Modulation Techniques with Soft and...ijcnac
The wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) based 3G cellular mobile
wireless networks are expected to provide a diverse range of multimedia services to
mobile users with guaranteed quality of service (QoS). To serve diverse quality of service
requirements of these networks it necessitates new radio resource management strategies
for effective utilization of network resources with coding schemes. In this paper coverage
area for voice traffic and with different modulation techniques, coding schemes and
decision decoder are discussed. These discussions are to improve the coverage area in
the mobile communication system. This paper is mainly focuses on coverage area of
WCDMA system using link budget calculation with different modulation, coding schemes
and decision decoder. Simulation results demonstrate coverage extension for voice
service with different modulation,coding scheme, soft and hard decision decoder using
appropriate Bit error rate (BER) to maintain QoS of the voice.
Coverage of WCDMA Network Using Different Modulation Techniques with Soft and...ijcnac
The wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) based 3G cellular mobile
wireless networks are expected to provide a diverse range of multimedia services to
mobile users with guaranteed quality of service (QoS). To serve diverse quality of service
requirements of these networks it necessitates new radio resource management strategies
for effective utilization of network resources with coding schemes. In this paper coverage
area for voice traffic and with different modulation techniques, coding schemes and
decision decoder are discussed. These discussions are to improve the coverage area in
the mobile communication system. This paper is mainly focuses on coverage area of
WCDMA system using link budget calculation with different modulation, coding schemes
and decision decoder. Simulation results demonstrate coverage extension for voice
service with different modulation,coding scheme, soft and hard decision decoder using
appropriate Bit error rate (BER) to maintain QoS of the voice.
On completion of the module one should be clear about the parameters required during drive test what does it mean and how much it is important.
Parameters regarding in windows like :
a) Current Channel
b) Radio parameters
c) Serving + Neighbors
Time: It is system time of computer.
Cell name: It displays the name of the sector which is serving according to the cellfile that is loaded in TEMS.
CGI : It stands for the Cell Global Identity which is unique for every sector of the site. It consists of MCC,MNC,LAC,CI.
Cell GPRS Support: Tells sector is having GPRS or not. Values are Yes or No .
Band : It tells in which Freq. Band mobile is operating e.g. GSM 900/ 1800.
BCCH ARFCN: It tells by which BCCH is the mobile station getting served.
TCH ARFCN: On which Traffic Freq. call is going on.
BSIC (Base Station Identity Code) : It is combination of Network Color Code (NCC) (0 – 7) & Base Station Color Code (BCC) (0 – 7). e.g. 62. It is decoded by mobile on every Sync. Channel Message.
Mode: It is shows in which state is mobile operating, Idle, Dedicated & Packet.
Time slot: On which time slot of current TCH call is going on. Viz. time slot no. of TRX.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
On completion of the module one should be clear about the parameters required during drive test what does it mean and how much it is important.
Parameters regarding in windows like :
a) Current Channel
b) Radio parameters
c) Serving + Neighbors
Time: It is system time of computer.
Cell name: It displays the name of the sector which is serving according to the cellfile that is loaded in TEMS.
CGI : It stands for the Cell Global Identity which is unique for every sector of the site. It consists of MCC,MNC,LAC,CI.
Cell GPRS Support: Tells sector is having GPRS or not. Values are Yes or No .
Band : It tells in which Freq. Band mobile is operating e.g. GSM 900/ 1800.
BCCH ARFCN: It tells by which BCCH is the mobile station getting served.
TCH ARFCN: On which Traffic Freq. call is going on.
BSIC (Base Station Identity Code) : It is combination of Network Color Code (NCC) (0 – 7) & Base Station Color Code (BCC) (0 – 7). e.g. 62. It is decoded by mobile on every Sync. Channel Message.
Mode: It is shows in which state is mobile operating, Idle, Dedicated & Packet.
Time slot: On which time slot of current TCH call is going on. Viz. time slot no. of TRX.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
4. Special Thanks:
Mr Muhammad Kashan
RF Engineer ( Optimization and
Planning) in LCC Pakistan.
Muhammad.Kashan-lc@telenor.com.pk
4/22/2012 4
5. MAPINFO
• Introduction
o MapInfo Professional is the power of computer
mapping is at your complete disposal.
o You can display your data as points, as
thematically shaded regions, as pie or bar charts,
as districts, etc.
o You can perform geographic operations such as
redistricting, combining and splitting objects, and
buffering. You can also make queries against your
data and access your remote data directly from
MapInfo Professional.
4/22/2012 5
6. MAPINFO
MapInfo Professional is a desktop software
product produced by Pitney Bowes Software,
formerly MapInfo. It is a Geographic
informationsystem or GIS used for mapping
and location analysis. It allows users to
visualize, analyze, interpret, understand and
output data in ways that reveal relationships,
patterns, and trends.
4/22/2012 6
7. MAPINFO
Use of MapInfo in Cellular Communication
To create map of each deployed region.
To have a working road map, for easy route
selection.
To have elaborated details about each cell.
Which provide platform for optimization and error
removal.
To generate a brief summery according to regions.
4/22/2012 7
16. What is TEMS Investigation?
• TEMS Investigation – Complete name.
• TEMS stands for - TEst Mobile System.
• Firstly released by Ericsson.
• In June 2009 it came under ASCOM
proprietary.
• The latest release is 13.01.
• Competitor - Griffin Fast Measurement.
4/22/2012 16
17. Why to use TEMS Investigation?
• As it is a AIR INTERFACE TEST TOOL.
• Used for :
Optimization
Verification
Maintenance
Troubleshooting
• To maintain QoS.
4/22/2012 17
18. Why to use TEMS Investigation? Cont’d
TEMS Investigation is the industry-leading solution
for troubleshooting, verification, optimization,
and maintenance of wireless networks. Designed
for in-vehicle, in-building, and pedestrian-area
testing, TEMS Investigation has powerful,
versatile, features that are essential throughout
the network’s lifecycle. Using TEMS Investigation,
operators can achieve improved voice quality,
increased accessibility, more successful call
attempts, and better service performance.
4/22/2012 18
20. GSM
o Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a second
generation cellular standard developed to
cater voice services and data delivery using
digital modulation.
o GSM network consist of different cells and
each cell transmit signals and receive signals
from the multiple mobile stations.
4/22/2012 20
21. 4/22/2012 21
GSM System Architecture
BSC
BSC
MSC
MS
MS
MS BTS
BTS
BTS
GMSC
PSTN
ISDN
PDN
EIR
AUC
HLR
VLR
24. Optimization
o Every alive Network needs to be under continues
control to maintain/improvethe performance.
o Optimization is basically the only way to keep
track of the network by looking deep into
statistics and collecting/analyzingdrive test data.
o It is keeping an eye on its growth and modifying it
for the future capacity enhancements. It also
helps operation and maintenance for
troubleshootingpurposes.
4/22/2012 24
25. 4/22/2012 25
Optimization Process
Output
Soft Parameter Change ->
OMC
Hard Parameter Change ->
Cell Planning
Frequency Change -> OMC Hardware Change -> OAN
BSC / LAC Redimensioning
–BSS_Planning
Optimization
Issue Identification Investigation
Resolution Attempts
*1….n+
Benchmarking *1…n+ Reversion *1…n+
Input
Statistical Reports
Customer
Complaints
Field Drive Tests Probe based Stats
Inter Department
Issues
AlarmLogs
26. Optimization (Cont’d)
SuccessfulOptimization requires:
• Recognition and understandingof common
reasons for call failure
• Capture of RF and digital parameters of the
call prior to drop
• Analysis of call flow, checking messages on
both forward and reverse links to establish
“what happened”,where, and why.
4/22/2012 26
27. Optimization (Cont’d)
Purpose and Scope of Optimization
o The optimization is to intend providing the
best network quality using available spectrum
as efficiently as possible.
o The scope will consist all following:
Finding and correcting any existing problems after
site implementation and integration.
4/22/2012 27
28. Optimization (Cont’d)
Meeting the network quality criteria agreed in the
contract.
Optimization will be continuous and iterative
process of improving overall network quality.
Optimization can not reduce the performance of
the rest of the network.
Area of interest is divided in smaller areas called
clusters to make optimization and follow up
processes easier to handle .
4/22/2012 28
29. Terms to Understand
• MS1 – MS3
• CGI
• GPRS
• Band
• BCCH AFRCN
• TCH AFRCN
• BSIC
• Channel Mode
• Channel Type
• Rx Level
• C/I
• MS Power Control
• TA
• RL Time out
• C1 , C2
4/22/2012 29
30. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• MS1 – MS3
o Supports Up to three Mobile Stations for Data
collection and Route analysis.
o Can be use as :
MS1 – Idle mode
MS2 – Short Call
MS3 – Long Call
o Or Vice versa.
4/22/2012 30
31. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• CGI
o Cell Global Identity
o Each id is unique global wide.
o It consists of: CGI = MCC + MNC + LAC + CI.
MCC - Mobile Country Code 0 – 999. (410 – Pakistan)
MNC - Mobile Network (operator) Code 0 – 99. (06 Telenor)
LAC - Location Area Code 0 ‐65535.
CI - Cell Identity 0 – 65535.
4/22/2012 31
32. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• GPRS
o General packet radio service.
o Sector GPRS enable or not. (Yes / No).
• Band
o Freq. Band mobile is operating e.g. GSM 900/ 1800.
• AFRCN
o Allocated/Absolute Radio Frequency Channel.
o Usually Each ARFCN has a bandwidth of 270.833
kbps.
4/22/2012 32
33. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• BCCH
o Broadcast Channel.
• TCH
o Traffic Channel.
• BSIC
o Base Station Identity Code.
o BSIC = NCC ( 0 – 7 ) + BCC ( 0 – 7 ).
4/22/2012 33
34. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• BSIC cont’d
NCC = Network Color Code. It is a 3 bit ( 0 – 7 ) code, used
in GSM to uniquely identify a base station within a
particular geographic area.
BCC = Base Station Color Code. It is also a 3 bit ( 0 – 7 )
code transmitted in the SB ( Synchronization Burst ) of GSM
system.
• Channel Mode
o Mode of coding (e.g. Speech Full Rate or Half Rate).
4/22/2012 34
35. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• Channel Type
o Current channel type
o E.g. BCCH, SDCCH, CBCH, TCH, FACCH and SACCH.
SDCCH – Stand Alone Dedicated Control channel.
CBCH – Cell Broadcast Channel.
FACCH – Fast AssociateControl Channel.
SACCH – Slow AssociateControl Channel.
• Rx Level
o Signal Strength of current Channel ( 120 dBm – 10 dBm )
4/22/2012 35
36. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• C / I
o Carrier to Interference Ratio
• MS Power Control
o Power Control Level ( 0 – 8 ) according to network
design.
• TA
o Timing Advance.
o Base Stain sends advance burst to MS as to compensate
propagation delay .
4/22/2012 36
37. Terms to Understand Cont’d
• RL – Time Out
o Radio Link, radio link counter expressed in SACCH
blocks.
o If it is zero, call is dropped.
• C1 & C2
o Cell path loss parameter and cell selection
parameter in idle mode.
4/22/2012 37
38. Over View of TEMS’s GUI
• Definitions:
1. Time: It is systemtimeof
computer.
2. Cell name: It displays thename
of the sectorwhich is serving
accordingto the cell file that is
loaded in TEMS.
3. CGI : It stands for the Cell
Global Identity which is unique
for every sector of the site. It
consistsof MCC,MNC,LAC,CI.
MCC: MobileCountry Code0 –
999 (e.g. 404), MNC: Mobile
NetworkCode0 – 99 (e.g. 98)
LAC : Location AreaCode 0 -
65535 (e.g. 5101)CI: Cell
Identity 0 – 65535 (e.g. 11001)
4/22/2012 38
39. Over View of TEMS’s GUI Cont’d
• Cell GPRS Support: Tells sector is
having GPRS or not. Values are Yes or No.
• Band : It tells in which Freq. Band mobile
is operating e.g. GSM 900/ 1800.
• BCCH ARFCN: It tells by which BCCH
is the mobile station getting served.
• TCH ARFCN: On which Traffic Freq. call
is going on.
• BSIC : Base Station Identity Code.
• Mode: It is shows in which state is mobile
operating, Idle, Dedicated & Packet.
• Time slot: On which time slot of current
TCH call is going on. Viz. time slot no. of
TRX.
4/22/2012 39
40. Over View of TEMS’s GUI Cont’d
• Channel Type: Type of channel
mobile is getting now. Like BCCH /
SDCCH/8 + SACCH/C8 or.
• Channel Mode : Shows mode of
coding like Speech Full Rate of Half
Rate.
• Speech Codec: It shows FR for Full
Rate, HR for Half Rate & EFR for
Enhanced Full Rate.
• Ciphering Algorithm : It shows
ciphering algorithm used by the
system. E.g. Cipher by A5/2.
• Sub Channel Number: It is displayed
at a time when mobile is on dedicated
mode at time of call setup when it is
getting SDCCH at that time it shows
which SDCCH it is getting out of 8
available.
4/22/2012 40
41. Over View of TEMS’s GUI Cont’d
• Hopping Channel : It shows that current
sector is having hopping feature or not.
Values are Yes or No.
• Hopping Frequencies : It displays no. of
freq. on which mobile is allowed to hop. viz.
MA List for hopping of that sector.
• MobileAllocation Index Offset (MAIO):
It is the number which tells from which
freq. from given MA list for sector hopping
has to be started. E.g. 0 means sector will
start from first freq. to hop.
• Hopping Sequence Number (HSN) :
Indicates sequence in which frequencies are
allowed to hop from the MA List. 0- 63. 0
for Cyclic Hopping, 1 – 63 random hopping
sequences.
4/22/2012 41
43. Observations during Drive Test
• DT Order and Locating BTS.
Obtain BIC, Azimuth and Tilt of newly installed or
complained BTS.
Now using Map-Info software to locate the BTS.
• On Air the Site ( Newly Installed).
Confirm the azimuth and tilt of antenna.
As it will confirm the coverage area.
Use Map-Info to locate the premises of BTS.
4/22/2012 43
44. Observations during Drive Test Cont’d
• Starting The Drive Test
INTRA CELL
o During DT, observe the intra cell handover.
o DT should be Clock wise and Counter Clock wise.
INTER CELL
o Performs DT to check handover among cells.
o Observe in both Idle and dedicated mode.
o Checking is done of SQI, Rx Level, call establishing , call
dropping up to 9 km of each cell.
4/22/2012 44
45. Observations during Drive Test Cont’d
• Starting The Drive Test
TRX ( Transceiver)
o During DT, observe the intra cell handover.
o DT should be Clock wise and Counter Clock wise.
GPRS
o Either service is enable or disable
o In DT observe the service of operator.
4/22/2012 45
46. Observations during Drive Test Cont’d
• Dropped Calls
There are wide possibilities of call drop, they can
be observed by Call drop analysis.
o Elaborate the drop call ratio, use cell with more
complains.
o Check the causes and factors of call drop in that cell.
o Also check the ratio of fail handovers
4/22/2012 46
47. Observations during Drive Test Cont’d
• HandoverPerformance
Hand over is a key function in Cellular
communication.
Handover Performance can effect QoS.
Cell stats must be observed for atleast 24 hours.
4/22/2012 47
55. Refrences
• TEMS and logs by Mr Muhammad Kashan.
• RF Optimization Syed Subhan Ali Rizvi.
• TEMS Parameters by Nirav Trivedi.
• Wikipedia.
• MapInfo – Official training manuals
4/22/2012 55