The document discusses growth versus development from an Indian perspective. It defines economic growth as increases in goods and services production over time, while development refers to improving people's well-being. India has experienced strong growth rates but development indicators like literacy and life expectancy still lag. The debate centers around whether growth alone can reduce poverty or if targeted development policies are also needed. While growth has lifted many from poverty, inequalities remain as benefits have not reached all Indians.
An estimate of World Bank says that an additional 64 million people are living in extreme poverty on less
than US$1.25 a day by the end of 2010 as a result of the global recession. Low export dependency, a
large consumption base and the high share of employment and income come from rural areas.
Government’s focus and initiatives at local level will help in sustaining the economic growth at large. India
is among the most attractive destinations globally, for investments and business and FDI had increased
over the last few years. With the inclusive work force participation, development of infrastructural
facilities, encouraging small and medium enterprise MSMEs sector, government can fill the gap of income
disparity in different regions. Better policy measures and awareness programmes regarding many of the
government initiatives for the betterment of society can do wonders for an inclusive society and nation.
Better employment prospects, better technical education and programmes on poverty eradication and
public health must be priory concerned. An action oriented approach in a very aggressive manner would
be needed to facilitate a better livelihood and better market conditions for the society.
An estimate of World Bank says that an additional 64 million people are living in extreme poverty on less
than US$1.25 a day by the end of 2010 as a result of the global recession. Low export dependency, a
large consumption base and the high share of employment and income come from rural areas.
Government’s focus and initiatives at local level will help in sustaining the economic growth at large. India
is among the most attractive destinations globally, for investments and business and FDI had increased
over the last few years. With the inclusive work force participation, development of infrastructural
facilities, encouraging small and medium enterprise MSMEs sector, government can fill the gap of income
disparity in different regions. Better policy measures and awareness programmes regarding many of the
government initiatives for the betterment of society can do wonders for an inclusive society and nation.
Better employment prospects, better technical education and programmes on poverty eradication and
public health must be priory concerned. An action oriented approach in a very aggressive manner would
be needed to facilitate a better livelihood and better market conditions for the society.
Indias great slowdown cause and way forward by arvind subramanian and josh fe...DVSResearchFoundatio
The Indian economy is facing a Severe Slowdown with the GDP growth falling to 4.5% in the 2nd Quarter of FY19-20. Mr. Aravind Subramanian, former Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India has termed it as The Great Slowdown. A recent Faculty Working Paper (WP) for the Center for International Development (CID) at Harvard University by Mr. Arvind Subramanian and Mr. Josh Felman provides an Analysis of the Slowdown. In this webinar, we shall understand the thesis provided on Reasons and Remedies for the Current Slowdown.
In the publication "India 2020 Economy Outlook", D&B attempts to evaluate and analyse the prospects of the Indian economy over the next six years. This publication provides a forecast of key macroeconomic variables over the next few years. The publication also covers analysis of various Indian states with respect to their potential to contribute to India’s growth. It also analyses various enablers and major policy initiatives that would drive and facilitate India’s economic journey. It also presents various challenges to growth in the next few years.
Demographic profile of INDIA - Opportunity or ThreatVijeth Karthik
Demographic change in India is opening up new economic opportunities. As in many countries, declining infant and child mortality helped to spark lower fertility, effectively resulting in a temporary baby boom. As this cohort moves into working
ages, India finds itself with a potentially higher share of workers as compared with dependent. If working-age people can be productively employed, India’s economic growth stands to accelerate. Theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of demographics on labour supply, savings, and economic growth underpins this effort to understand and forecast economic growth in India. Policy choices can potentiate India’s realisation of economic benefits stemming from demographic change. Failure to take advantage of the opportunities inherent in demographic change can lead to economic stagnation.
Indias great slowdown cause and way forward by arvind subramanian and josh fe...DVSResearchFoundatio
The Indian economy is facing a Severe Slowdown with the GDP growth falling to 4.5% in the 2nd Quarter of FY19-20. Mr. Aravind Subramanian, former Chief Economic Adviser to the Government of India has termed it as The Great Slowdown. A recent Faculty Working Paper (WP) for the Center for International Development (CID) at Harvard University by Mr. Arvind Subramanian and Mr. Josh Felman provides an Analysis of the Slowdown. In this webinar, we shall understand the thesis provided on Reasons and Remedies for the Current Slowdown.
In the publication "India 2020 Economy Outlook", D&B attempts to evaluate and analyse the prospects of the Indian economy over the next six years. This publication provides a forecast of key macroeconomic variables over the next few years. The publication also covers analysis of various Indian states with respect to their potential to contribute to India’s growth. It also analyses various enablers and major policy initiatives that would drive and facilitate India’s economic journey. It also presents various challenges to growth in the next few years.
Demographic profile of INDIA - Opportunity or ThreatVijeth Karthik
Demographic change in India is opening up new economic opportunities. As in many countries, declining infant and child mortality helped to spark lower fertility, effectively resulting in a temporary baby boom. As this cohort moves into working
ages, India finds itself with a potentially higher share of workers as compared with dependent. If working-age people can be productively employed, India’s economic growth stands to accelerate. Theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of demographics on labour supply, savings, and economic growth underpins this effort to understand and forecast economic growth in India. Policy choices can potentiate India’s realisation of economic benefits stemming from demographic change. Failure to take advantage of the opportunities inherent in demographic change can lead to economic stagnation.
Financing for development binay jaiswal- final projectJai Vinay
Financing for Development - Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) – With Reference to India
Content:
What Is Financing for Development?
Millennium Development Goals
Sustainable Development Goals
Ways to achieve SDGs
Reference to India
Sources- UNDP, Economic Times, Business Standard.
1. Perspective of Indian Economy: Indian Economy as a Developing Economy, Basic Characteristics Overview of Economic Planning, Role of Monetary policy and Fiscal Policy, Budget terminology, Economic Growth, GDP and GDP Trends, Money Supply & Inflation, Inflation trends, RBI – overview of role and functions, Capital Markets – overview of role and functions, Concept of Poverty, Estimates of Poverty, Poverty Line, Economic Reforms and Reduction of Poverty, Concept of Inclusion, Need of inclusive growth, Financial inclusion. Concept of Hard & Soft Infrastructure. Hard Infrastructure - Transport Infrastructure, Energy Infrastructure, Water management infrastructure, Communication Infrastructure, Solid waste management, Earth monitoring and measuring networks. Soft Infrastructure - Governance Infrastructure, Economic infrastructure, Social infrastructure, Critical Infrastructure, Urban infrastructure, Green infrastructure, Education Infrastructure, Health Infrastructure. (6)
2. Human Resources and Economic Development : The Theory of Demographic Transition, Size and Growth Rate of Population in India, Quantitative Population Growth Differentials in Different Countries, The Sex Composition of Population, Age Composition of Population, Density of Population, Urbanization and Economic Growth in India, The Quality of Population, Population Projections (2001-2026), Demographic Dividend. Human Development in India
- The Concept and Measures of Human Development, Human development Index for Various States in India, National Human Development Report, Changing profile of GDP and employment in India, GDP, Employment and Productivity per Worker in India, Relative Shift in the Shares of NSDP and Employment in Agriculture, Industry and Services in Different States. (6)
3. Sectoral composition of Indian Economy: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Sectors, Issues in Agriculture sector in India ,land reforms, Green Revolution and agriculture policies of India , Industrial development , small scale and cottage industries, Industrial Policy, Public sector in India, Services sector in India. Areas of Market Failure and Need for State Intervention, Redefining the Role of the State, Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG) Model of Development, Planning commission v/s NITI Aayog, Public Versus Private Sector Debate, Unorganised Sector and India's Informal Economy. (6)
4. Inequality and Economic Power in India: FDI, Angel Investors and Start-ups, Unicorns, M&A, Investment Models, Role of State, PPP (Public-Private Partnership), Savings and Investment Trends. Growth of Large Industrial Houses Since Independence, Growth of Monopolies and Concentration of Economic Power in India, Competition Policy and Competition Law, Growth and Inequality, India as an Economic Superpower, Growth of the Indian Middle Class, Indian MNCs : Mergers and Acquisitions, Outsourcing, Nationalism and Globalization, Small-scale and Cottage Enterprises, The Role of Small-scale Industries in India
MTBiz is for you if you are looking for contemporary information on business, economy and especially on banking industry of Bangladesh. You would also find periodical information on Global Economy and Commodity Markets.
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the what'sapp number.
+12349014282
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the what'sapp contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
+12349014282
This presentation poster infographic delves into the multifaceted impacts of globalization through the lens of Nike, a prominent global brand. It explores how globalization has reshaped Nike's supply chain, marketing strategies, and cultural influence worldwide, examining both the benefits and challenges associated with its global expansion.
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how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the what'sapp information for my personal pi vendor.
+12349014282
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the what's app number of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
+12349014282
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when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the what'sapp contact of my personal pi vendor
+12349014282
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
1. GROWTH VS DEVELOPMENT
: INDIAN PERSPECTIVE
GROUP MEMBERS:
SREENATH S
IMRAN AHMED
PRITAM MOIRANGTHEM
KARAN ROHOKALE
2. WHAT IS GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT:
Growth and development are often used together in a sentence, whether it is
talking about a person, a business or even the economy.
Growth is usually used in reference to size or physical development.
Development overall is a more general and envelop term than growth
Development includes growth, but also includes other aspects of
improvement or development.
The main difference between them is that growth is usually quantitative,
whereas development is usually qualitative
3. WHAT IS ECONOMIC GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT:
Both are indicators of the health of the economy
Economic growth refers to a capacity of a produce goods and services,
compared from one period of time to another. Simply put, it compares how
many goods and services does an economy produces or is estimated to
produce.
Economic development, on the other hand, . It refers to the process by which
a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people.
It is a policy intervention endeavor which seeks to ensure that all economic,
political, and social endeavors are working to improve the quality of life for
their citizens.
4. INDICATORS OF GROWTH
GDP: The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in India was worth 2263.52 billion US
dollars in 2016.
GDP per Capita: The country ranks 141st in per capita GDP (nominal) with
$1723 and 123rd in per capita GDP (PPP) with $6,616 as of 2016.
GNP: The country's Gross National Income (GNI) at 2011-12 prices was
estimated at Rs 120.35 lakh crore during 2016-17.
Per Capita Income: GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) in India was
reported at 6490 in 2016, according to the World Bank collection of
development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources.
9. DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS:
Human Development Index: India is ranked 131 of 189 countries listed in
the United Nations Development Program’s latest Human Development
Report 2016.
Life Expectancy: According to the latest WHO data published in 2015 life
expectancy in India is: Male 66.9, female 69.9 and total life expectancy is 68.3
(Rank 126)
Literacy Rate: Indian Population Census 2011 reveals that literacy
rate of India has increased from 65% to 74 percent in 2011
10. Life expectancy Expected years Mean years of GNI per capita
HDI value
at birth of schooling schooling (2011 PPP$)
1990 57.9 7.6 3.0 1,751 0.428
1995 60.4 8.2 3.5 2,035 0.460
2000 62.6 8.3 4.4 2,495 0.494
2005 64.5 9.7 4.8 3,191 0.536
2010 66.5 10.8 5.4 4,358 0.580
2011 66.9 11.3 5.3 4,594 0.590
2012 67.3 11.5 5.6 4,776 0.599
2013 67.6 11.6 5.8 5,027 0.607
2014 68.0 11.6 6.1 5,329 0.615
2015 68.3 11.7 6.3 5,663 0.624
11.
12. INDIA: GROWTH VS DEVELOPMENT DEBATE:
The 2014 Loksabha polls brought this debate into focus through the Sen-
Bhagwati dialogue on this issue.
Economic growth doesn’t automatically trickledown to the bottom; it tends to
remain concentrated in top few hands.
Likewise, targeting human development indicators will not automatically prop
up economic growth.
Both should be seen side by side in the right perspective.
13. SEN-BHAGWATI DEBATE:
Sen advocates economic policies that are more development oriented, with
provisions for social welfare schemes and investment in the public sector.
Sen prioritizes the development of human capabilities through quality
education and health programs that would enhance labor productivity.
Bhagwati believes the prime focus ought to be on increasing the GDP growth
rate and in turn reducing the headcount ratio of poverty.
14. HOWEVER…….
“A fundamental question that comes to mind is whether a reduction in poverty
comes about solely through economic growth. In 1993-94, India achieved a
growth rate of 3.8% and observed a staggering 37% of its population below
the poverty line. Two decades later, in 2013-14, the GDP growth rate increased
to 4.9% but the poverty level, settled at 26%, has not declined nearly as
commensurately.”
16. ■ Economic growth of around 7½% makes India the fastest-growing
G20 economy.
■ The acceleration of structural reforms, the move towards a rule-
based policy framework and low commodity prices have provided
a strong growth impetus
■ Investment is still held back by the relatively high corporate
income tax rates, a slow land acquisition process, regulations
which remain stringent in some areas, weak corporate balance
sheets, high non-performing loans which weigh on banks’ lending,
and infrastructure bottlenecks. Quality job creation has been low,
held back by complex labor laws.
17. STRONG GROWTH HAS RAISED INCOMES AND REDUCED
POVERTY BUT INEQUALITIES REMAIN:
Licenses for oil, gas fields and coal mines have been auctioned under clear rules
FDI
Greater reliance on e-government
The implementation of GST.
140 million people have been taken out of poverty in less than 10 years
Large welfare programs including price-support for food, energy and fertilizers.
However, many Indians still lack access to core public services, such as electricity and sanitation.
Public spending on health care, at slightly more than 1% of GDP.
Female labour force participation remains low.
All children have access to primary education, the quality is uneven.
18. INDIA IS GROWING FAST, BUT PRIVATE
INVESTMENT IS WEAK:
Fastest growing G-20 economy.
The return to a normal monsoon in 2016, is supporting a recovery in agricultural income and
rural consumption.
Despite sustained public investment, total investment declined in real terms in the first half of
2016.
The banking system has been weakened by poorly performing public banks, which suffer from
high non-performing loans.
21.5% SLR :This reduces government funding costs, but distorts financial markets and limits
lending to the private sector.
Infrastructure bottlenecks (e.g. frequent power outages)
long land acquisition process, have held back investment, in particular in the manufacturing sector.
Substantially deregulated foreign direct investment.
19. PROMOTING STRONGER AND MORE INCLUSIVE
GROWTH:
Making growth more inclusive also requires enabling the poor and providing equal
opportunities for all.
More and faster public investment:
Road project awards have increased steadily since 2014
The Dedicated Freight Corridors the Eastern DFC (1840 route km) and Western DFC (1502 route km)
The case of electricity: power for all:
Provide electricity supply for all by 2019.
Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY)
Easing land acquisition would underpin a pick-up in investment projects, especially in
manufacturing:
Deregulating foreign direct investment:
The Make in India initiative launched in 2014.
Promoting the ease of doing business and firm dynamism:
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016
20. REFERENCES:
OECD Economic surveys India- February 2017
The pattern and causes of Economic growth in India by Kaushik Basu and annemie Maertens (Oxford
review of economic Policy – Feb 2017)
Essay by Deeparghya Mukherjee IIM-B
Economic Growth vs Development: Stirring up the Sen-Bhagwati debate
(http://edtimes.in/2014/07/economic-growth-vs-development-stirring-sen-bhagwati-debate/)
https://socialissuesindia.wordpress.com/