The document describes a multi-day math problem where students are asked to determine the number of blocks in various square table tops without actually drawing them. On the first day, students are asked to find the number of blocks in the 5th, 10th, and 15th square table tops. On the second day, they are challenged to find a way to determine the number of blocks in the 40th square table top without drawing all 40 shapes. On the third day, students are instructed to write a general rule for finding the number of blocks in any square table top.