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Groovy 2 and beyond

The document discusses the features and improvements introduced in Groovy 2.0 and beyond, including modularity, static type checking, and performance enhancements with Java 7 compatibility. It highlights new functionalities like extension modules, invokedynamic support, and static compilation options that provide type safety and faster execution. Additionally, it covers practical coding examples and the benefits of using Groovy for various types of projects.

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Groovy 2.0 and beyond Guillaume Laforge Groovy Project Manager SpringSource / VMware @glaforge
Guillaume Laforge • Groovy Project Manager at VMware • Initiator of the Grails framework • Creator of the Gaelyk • Co-author of Groovy in Action • Follow me on... • My blog: http://glaforge.appspot.com • Twitter: @glaforge • Google+: http://gplus.to/glaforge
A blossoming ECOSYSTEM
GVM
GVM
GVM GROOVY ENVIRONMENT MANAGER
GVM: Groovy enVironment Manager • New kid in town! • http://gvmtool.net/ — @gvmtool • Manage parallel versions of various SDKs • Currently supports • Groovy, Grails, Griffon, Gradle,Vert.x • On Linux, MacOS, Cygwin, Solaris, FreeBSD
GROOVY
Groovy 2.0 bird’s eye view Java 7 Static Type A more Project Checking modular Coin Groovy Invoke Static Compilation Dynamic
Groovy 2.0 bird’s eye view A more modular Groovy
Groovy Modularity • Groovy’s « all » JAR weighs in at 6 MB • Nobody needs everything • Template engine, Ant scripting, Swing UI building... • Provide a smaller core • and several smaller JARs per feature • Provide hooks for setting up DGM methods,
The new JARs • A smaller JAR: 3MB • Modules – console – jsr-223 – test – docgenerator – jmx – testng – groovydoc – sql – json – groovysh – swing – xml – ant – servlet – bsf – templates
The new JARs • A smaller JAR: 3MB • Modules – console – jsr-223 – test – docgenerator – jmx – testng – groovydoc – sql – json – groovysh – swing – xml – ant – servlet – bsf – templates
Extension modules • Create your own module • contribute instance extension methods package  foo class  StringExtension  {        static  introduces(String  self,  String  name)  {                "Hi  ${name),  I’m  ${self}"        } } //  usage:  "Guillaume".introduces("Cédric")
Extension modules • Create your own module • contribute instance extension methods Same structure as Categories package  foo class  StringExtension  {        static  introduces(String  self,  String  name)  {                "Hi  ${name),  I’m  ${self}"        } } //  usage:  "Guillaume".introduces("Cédric")
Extension modules • Create your own module • contribute class extension methods package  foo class  StaticStringExtension  {        static  hi(String  self)  {                "Hi!"        } } //  usage:  String.hi()
Extension module descriptor • Descriptor in: META-INF/services/ org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ExtensionModule moduleName  =  stringExtensions moduleVersion  =  1.0 //  comma-­‐separated  list  of  classes extensionClasses  =  foo.StringExtension //  comma-­‐separated  list  of  classes staticExtensionClasses  =   foo.StaticStringExtension
Groovy 2.0 bird’s eye view Java 7 Static Type A more Project Checking modular Coin Groovy Invoke Static Compilation Dynamic
Groovy 2.0 bird’s eye view Java 7 Project Coin Invoke Dynamic
Binary literals • We had decimal, octal and hexadecimal notations for number literals • We can now use binary representations too int  x  =  0b10101111 assert  x  ==  175   byte  aByte  =  0b00100001 assert  aByte  ==  33   int  anInt  =  0b1010000101000101 assert  anInt  ==  41285
Underscore in literals • Now we can also add underscores in number literals for more readability long  creditCardNumber  =  1234_5678_9012_3456L long  socialSecurityNumbers  =  999_99_9999L float  monetaryAmount  =  12_345_132.12 long  hexBytes  =  0xFF_EC_DE_5E long  hexWords  =  0xFFEC_DE5E long  maxLong  =  0x7fff_ffff_ffff_ffffL long  alsoMaxLong  =  9_223_372_036_854_775_807L long  bytes  =  0b11010010_01101001_10010100_10010010
Multicatch • One block for multiple exception caught • rather than duplicating the block try  {        /*  ...  */ }  catch(IOException  |  NullPointerException  e)  {        /*  one  block  to  treat  2  exceptions  */ }
InvokeDynamic • Groovy 2.0 supports JDK 7’s invokeDynamic • compiler has a flag for compiling against JDK 7 • might use the invokeDynamic backport for < JDK 7 • Benefits • more runtime performance! • at least as fast as current « dynamic » Groovy • in the long run, will allow us to get rid of code! • call site caching, thanks to MethodHandles • metaclass registry, thanks to ClassValues • will let the JIT inline calls more easily
Groovy 2.0 bird’s eye view Java 7 Static Type A more Project Checking modular Coin Groovy Invoke Static Compilation Dynamic
Groovy 2.0 bird’s eye view Static Type Checking Static Compilation
Static Type Checking • Goal: make the Groovy compiler « grumpy »! • and throw compilation errors (not at runtime) • Not everybody needs dynamic features all the time • think Java libraries scripting • Grumpy should... • tell you about your method or variable typos • complain if you call methods that don’t exist • shout on assignments of wrong types • infer the types of your variables • figure out GDK methods
Typos in a variable or method import  groovy.transform.TypeChecked   void  method()  {}   @TypeChecked  test()  {        //  Cannot  find  matching  method  metthhoood()        metthhoood()          def  name  =  "Guillaume"        //  variable  naamme  is  undeclared        println  naamme }
Typos in a variable or method import  groovy.transform.TypeChecked   void  method()  {}   @TypeChecked  test()  {        //  Cannot  find  matching  method  metthhoood()        metthhoood() Compilation   errors!        def  name  =  "Guillaume"        //  variable  naamme  is  undeclared        println  naamme }
Typos in a variable or method Annotation can be at class or method level import  groovy.transform.TypeChecked   void  method()  {}   @TypeChecked  test()  {        //  Cannot  find  matching  method  metthhoood()        metthhoood() Compilation   errors!        def  name  =  "Guillaume"        //  variable  naamme  is  undeclared        println  naamme }
Wrong assignments //  cannot  assign  value  of  type...  to  variable... int  x  =  new  Object() Set  set  =  new  Object()   def  o  =  new  Object() int  x  =  o   String[]  strings  =  ['a','b','c'] int  str  =  strings[0]   //  cannot  find  matching  method  plus() int  i  =  0 i  +=  '1'
Wrong assignments //  cannot  assign  value  of  type...  to  variable... int  x  =  new  Object() Set  set  =  new  Object() Compilation   def  o  =  new  Object() errors! int  x  =  o   String[]  strings  =  ['a','b','c'] int  str  =  strings[0]   //  cannot  find  matching  method  plus() int  i  =  0 i  +=  '1'
Wrong return types //  checks  if/else  branch  return  values @TypeChecked int  method()  {        if  (true)  {  'String'  }        else  {  42  } } //  works  for  switch/case  &  try/catch/finally   //  transparent  toString()  implied @TypeChecked String  greeting(String  name)  {        def  sb  =  new  StringBuilder()        sb  <<  "Hi  "  <<  name }
Wrong return types //  checks  if/else  branch  return  values @TypeChecked int  method()  { Compilation        if  (true)  {  'String'  } error!        else  {  42  } } //  works  for  switch/case  &  try/catch/finally   //  transparent  toString()  implied @TypeChecked String  greeting(String  name)  {        def  sb  =  new  StringBuilder()        sb  <<  "Hi  "  <<  name }
Type inference @TypeChecked  test()  {        def  name  =  "    Guillaume    "          //  String  type  infered  (even  inside  GString)        println  "NAME  =  ${name.toUpperCase()}"            //  Groovy  GDK  method  support        //  (GDK  operator  overloading  too)        println  name.trim()          int[]  numbers  =  [1,  2,  3]        //  Element  n  is  an  int        for  (int  n  in  numbers)  {                println  n        } }
Statically checked & dynamic methods @TypeChecked String  greeting(String  name)  {        //  call  method  with  dynamic  behavior        //  but  with  proper  signature        generateMarkup(name.toUpperCase()) }   //  usual  dynamic  behavior String  generateMarkup(String  name)  {        def  sw  =  new  StringWriter()        new  MarkupBuilder(sw).html  {                body  {                        div  name                }        }        sw.toString() }
Instanceof checks @TypeChecked   void  test(Object  val)  {        if  (val  instanceof  String)  {                println  val.toUpperCase()        }  else  if  (val  instanceof  Number)  {                println  "X"  *  val.intValue()        } }
Instanceof checks @TypeChecked   void  test(Object  val)  { No need        if  (val  instanceof  String)  {                println  val.toUpperCase() for casts        }  else  if  (val  instanceof  Number)  {                println  "X"  *  val.intValue()        } }
Instanceof checks @TypeChecked   void  test(Object  val)  { No need        if  (val  instanceof  String)  {                println  val.toUpperCase() for casts        }  else  if  (val  instanceof  Number)  {                println  "X"  *  val.intValue()        } } Can call String#multiply(int) from the Groovy Development Kit
Lowest Upper Bound • Represents the lowest « super » type classes have in common • may be virtual (aka « non-denotable ») @TypeChecked  test()  {        //  an  integer  and  a  BigDecimal        return  [1234,  3.14] }
Lowest Upper Bound • Represents the lowest « super » type classes have in common • may be virtual (aka « non-denotable ») @TypeChecked  test()  {        //  an  integer  and  a  BigDecimal        return  [1234,  3.14] } Inferred return type: List<Number & Comparable>
Lowest Upper Bound • Represents the lowest « super » type classes have in common • may be virtual (aka « non-denotable ») @TypeChecked  test()  {        //  an  integer  and  a  BigDecimal        return  [1234,  3.14] } Inferred return type: List<Number & Comparable>
Flow typing • Static type checking shouldn’t complain even for bad coding practicies which work without type checks @TypeChecked  test()  {        def  var  =  123                  //  inferred  type  is  int        int  x  =  var                      //  var  is  an  int        var  =  "123"                      //  assign  var  with  a  String        x  =  var.toInteger()      //  no  problem,  no  need  to  cast        var  =  123        x  =  var.toUpperCase()  //  error,  var  is  int! }
Gotcha: static checking vs dynamic • Type checking works at compile-time • adding @TypeChecked doesn’t change behavior • do not confuse with static compilation • Most dynamic features cannot be type checked • metaclass changes, categories • dynamically bound variables (ex: script’s binding) • But compile-time metaprogramming works • as long as proper type information is defined
Gotcha: runtime metaprogramming @TypeChecked   void  test()  {        Integer.metaClass.foo  =  {}        123.foo() }
Gotcha: runtime metaprogramming @TypeChecked   void  test()  {        Integer.metaClass.foo  =  {}        123.foo() } Not allowed: metaClass property is dynamic
Gotcha: runtime metaprogramming @TypeChecked   void  test()  {        Integer.metaClass.foo  =  {}        123.foo() } Method not Not allowed: recognized metaClass property is dynamic
Gotcha: explicit type for closures @TypeChecked  test()  {        ["a",  "b",  "c"].collect  {                it.toUpperCase()  //  Not  OK        } }
Gotcha: explicit type for closures @TypeChecked  test()  {        ["a",  "b",  "c"].collect  {  String  it  -­‐>                it.toUpperCase()  //  OK,  it’s  a  String        } }
Closure shared variables @TypeChecked  test()  {        def  var  =  "abc"                      def  cl  =  {  var  =  new  Date()  }        if  (random)  cl()        var.toUpperCase()    //  Not  OK! }
Closure shared variables var assigned in the closure: « shared closure variable » @TypeChecked  test()  {        def  var  =  "abc"                      def  cl  =  {  var  =  new  Date()  }        if  (random)  cl()        var.toUpperCase()    //  Not  OK! }
Closure shared variables var assigned in the closure: « shared closure variable » @TypeChecked  test()  { Impossible to        def  var  =  "abc"               ensure the        def  cl  =  {  var  =  new  Date()  } assignment        if  (random)  cl() really happens        var.toUpperCase()    //  Not  OK! }
Closure shared variables var assigned in the closure: « shared closure variable » @TypeChecked  test()  { Impossible to        def  var  =  "abc"               ensure the        def  cl  =  {  var  =  new  Date()  } assignment        if  (random)  cl() really happens        var.toUpperCase()    //  Not  OK! } Only methods of the most specific compatible type (LUB) are allowed by the type checker
Closure shared variables class  A                      {  void  foo()  {}  } class  B  extends  A  {  void  bar()  {}  } @TypeChecked  test()  {        def  var  =  new  A()        def  cl  =  {  var  =  new  B()  }        if  (random)  cl()        var.foo()      //  OK! }
Closure shared variables class  A                      {  void  foo()  {}  } class  B  extends  A  {  void  bar()  {}  } @TypeChecked  test()  {        def  var  =  new  A()        def  cl  =  {  var  =  new  B()  }        if  (random)  cl()        var.foo()      //  OK! } var is at least an instance of A
Static Compilation • Given your Groovy code can be type checked... we can as well compile it « statically » • ie. generate the same byte code as javac • Also interesting for those stuck in JDK < 7 to benefit from performance improvements
Static Compilation: advantages • You gain: • Type safety • thanks to static type checking • static compilation builds upon static type checking • Faster code • as close as possible to Java’s performance • Code immune to « monkey patching » • metaprogramming badly used can interfere with framework code • Smaller bytecode size
Static Compilation: disadvantages • But you loose: • Dynamic features • metaclass changes, categories, etc. • Dynamic method dispatch • although as close as possible to « dynamic » Groovy
Statically compiled & dynamic methods @CompileStatic String  greeting(String  name)  {        //  call  method  with  dynamic  behavior        //  but  with  proper  signature        generateMarkup(name.toUpperCase()) }   //  usual  dynamic  behavior String  generateMarkup(String  name)  {        def  sw  =  new  StringWriter()        new  MarkupBuilder(sw).html  {                body  {                        div  name                }        }        sw.toString() }
What about performance? • Comparisons between: • Java • Groovy static compilation (Groovy 2.0) • Groovy with primitive optimizations (Groovy 1.8+) • Groovy without optimizations (Groovy 1.7)
What about performance? Pi (π) Binary Fibonacci quadrature trees Java 191 ms 97 ms 3.6 s 1.7 1.8 2.0 Static compilation 197 ms 101 ms 4.3 s Primitive optimizations 360 ms 111 ms 23.7 s No prim. optimizations 2590 ms 3220 ms 50.0 s
Back to the future...
Full invoke dynamic support Groovy 2.1 • In Groovy 2.0, not all call paths were going through invoke dynamic calls • essentially method calls only • still used call site caching techniques • On JDK 7 with the « indy » JAR, Groovy 2.1 uses invoke dynamic everywhere • On JDK < 7, still uses call site caching
@DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 • Static type checking works nicely for certain Domain-Specific Languages • command chains, extension methods, etc. • But for changes of delegation within closures, it’s not helping • often used by DSLs like within Gradle • Enters @DelegatesTo!
@DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 class  ExecSpec  {        void  foo() }
@DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 class  ExecSpec  {        void  foo() } void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() }
@DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 class  ExecSpec  {        void  foo() } void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() } exec(spec)  {        foo() }
@DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 class  ExecSpec  {        void  foo() } void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() } exec(spec)  { Static type checker        foo() doesn’t know about } that foo() method
@DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() }
@DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 Annotate with: @DelegatesTo(ExecSpec) void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() }
@DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 • With a special delegation strategy void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c.resolveStrategy  =  DELEGATE_FIRST        c() }
@DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 • With a special delegation strategy Annotate with: @DelegatesTo(value = ExecSpec, strategy = DELEGATE_FIRST) void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c.resolveStrategy  =  DELEGATE_FIRST        c() }
@DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 • Use Target to specify the precise argument to delegate to void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() }
@DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 • Use Target to specify the precise argument to delegate to @DelegatesTo.Target("id") void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() }
@DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 • Use Target to specify the precise argument to delegate to @DelegatesTo.Target("id") @DelegatesTo(target = "id") void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() }
@DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 • For DSLs using Groovy closure delegation • Great for... • documenting APIs • IDE integration • code completion, code navigation... • working nicely with static type checking and static compilation
Custom type checking Groovy 2.1 • You can make Groovy’s static type checking even smarter, with your own smarts! • even smarter than Java’s :-) • Create your own type checker extension @TypeChecked(extensions  =                            'MyExtension.groovy') void  exec()  {        //  code  to  be  further  checked... }
Custom type checking Groovy 2.1 • Your own extension has access to an event-based API • onMethodSelection • methodNotFound • afterMethodCall • unresolvedVariable • beforeMethodCall • unresolvedProperty • unresolvedAttribute • afterVisitMethod • beforeVisitMethod • incompatibleAssignment
Custom type checking Groovy 2.1 MyExtension.groovy onMethodSelection  {  expr,  method  -­‐>  ...  } afterMethodCall  {  mc  -­‐>  ...  } unresolvedVariable  {  var  -­‐>  ...  } methodNotFound  {  receiver,  name,  argList,  argTypes,  call  -­‐>  ...  } methodNotFound  {  receiver,  name,  argList,  argTypes,  call  -­‐>  ...  } incompatibleAssignment  {  lhsType,  rhsType,  expr  -­‐>  ...  }
Custom type checking Groovy 2.1 MyExtension.groovy onMethodSelection  {  expr,  method  -­‐>  ...  } afterMethodCall  {  mc  -­‐>  ...  } unresolvedVariable  {  var  -­‐>  ...  } methodNotFound  {  receiver,  name,  argList,  argTypes,  call  -­‐>  ...  } methodNotFound  {  receiver,  name,  argList,  argTypes,  call  -­‐>  ...  } incompatibleAssignment  {  lhsType,  rhsType,  expr  -­‐>  ...  } Know your Groovy AST API well ;-)
Custom type checking Groovy 2.1 Doesn’t need MyExtension.groovy to be compiled onMethodSelection  {  expr,  method  -­‐>  ...  } afterMethodCall  {  mc  -­‐>  ...  } unresolvedVariable  {  var  -­‐>  ...  } methodNotFound  {  receiver,  name,  argList,  argTypes,  call  -­‐>  ...  } methodNotFound  {  receiver,  name,  argList,  argTypes,  call  -­‐>  ...  } incompatibleAssignment  {  lhsType,  rhsType,  expr  -­‐>  ...  } Know your Groovy AST API well ;-)
Alias annotations Groovy 2.1 • Ability to create meta-annotations combining and/or parameterizing other annotations • Works also for local AST transformations and their annotations
Alias annotations Groovy 2.1 @Immutable @ToString(excludes  =  ["age"]) @AnnotationCollector @interface  MyAlias  {}
Alias annotations Groovy 2.1 @Immutable @ToString(excludes  =  ["age"]) @AnnotationCollector @interface  MyAlias  {} The « collector »
Alias annotations Groovy 2.1 Collected @Immutable @ToString(excludes  =  ["age"]) annotations @AnnotationCollector @interface  MyAlias  {} The « collector »
Alias annotations Groovy 2.1 Collected @Immutable @ToString(excludes  =  ["age"]) annotations @AnnotationCollector @interface  MyAlias  {} The « collector » Your own custom alias name
Alias annotations Groovy 2.1 Collected @Immutable @ToString(excludes  =  ["age"]) annotations @AnnotationCollector @interface  MyAlias  {} The « collector » Your own custom alias name @MyAlias class  Foo  {        String  name        int  age }
Alias annotations Groovy 2.1 Collected @Immutable @ToString(excludes  =  ["age"]) annotations @AnnotationCollector @interface  MyAlias  {} The « collector » Your own custom alias name @MyAlias class  Foo  { Use your        String  name concise alias        int  age }
Take control of your Groovy! Groovy 2.1 • Groovy 1.8 introduced compilation customizers • add imports, AST xforms, secure the AST... • With static type checking and static compilation, we received feedback from people wanting them applied « by default » • Allow to instruct the groovyc compiler with a configuration script • groovyc -configurator compConf.groovy Foo.groovy
Take control of your Groovy! Groovy 2.1 • Add a default @ToString transform import  groovy.transform.ToString import  org.codehaus.groovy.control.customizers •              .ASTTransformationCustomizer config.addCompilationCustomizer(        new  ASTTransformationCustomizer(ToString) )
Take control of your Groovy! Groovy 2.1 • Add a default @ToString transform import  groovy.transform.ToString import  org.codehaus.groovy.control.customizers •              .ASTTransformationCustomizer config.addCompilationCustomizer(        new  ASTTransformationCustomizer(ToString) ) Implicit «config» variable representing a CompilationConfiguration instance
Take control of your Groovy! Groovy 2.1 • You can use a builder syntax: config.customizers  {        //  apply  to  MyBean.groovy        source(basename:  'MyBean')  {                ast(ToString)        } }
Take control of your Groovy! Groovy 2.1 • You can use a builder syntax: config.customizers  {        //  apply  to  MyBean.groovy config.customizers  {        source(basename:  'MyBean')  {        //  apply  to  *.gbean  files                ast(ToString)        source(extension:  '.gbean')  {        }                ast(ToString) }        } }
Take control of your Groovy! Groovy 2.1 • You can use a builder syntax: config.customizers  {        //  apply  to  MyBean.groovy config.customizers  {        source(basename:  'MyBean')  {        //  apply  to  *.gbean  files                ast(ToString) config.customizers  {        source(extension:  '.gbean')  {        }        //  custom  filter  logic                  ast(ToString) }        //  with  compilation  units        } }        source(unitValidator:  {  unit  -­‐>  ...  })  {                ast(ToString)        } }
Roadmap Groovy 2.1 Groovy 4.0 2012 2013 2014 2014 Groovy 2.0 Groovy 3.0
Roadmap Groovy 2.1 Groovy 4.0 2012 2013 2014 2014 Groovy 2.0 Groovy 3.0
Roadmap Groovy 2.1 Groovy 4.0 2012 2013 2014 2014 Groovy 2.0 Groovy 3.0
End of 2012... and the world? 2012 GGeX End of the world
End of 2012... and the world? 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of the world
End of 2012... and the world? Groovy 2.1 beta 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of the world
End of 2012... and the world? Groovy 2.1 beta 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of Recovering the world from GGeX
End of 2012... and the world? Groovy 2.1 beta 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of Recovering the world from GGeX
End of 2012... and the world? Groovy 2.1 beta Christmas 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of Recovering the world from GGeX
End of 2012... and the world? Groovy 2.1 beta Christmas 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of Recovering the world from GGeX
End of 2012... and the world? Groovy 2.1 beta Christmas 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of Recovering the world from GGeX
End of 2012... and the world? Groovy 2.1 beta Christmas 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of Recovering Recovering the world from GGeX again !
Happy New Year! Jan 7-13
Happy New Year! Groovy 2.1 RC Jan 7-13
Happy New Year! Groovy 2.1 RC Jan Jan 7-13 14-21
Happy New Year! Groovy 2.1 RC Jan Jan 7-13 14-21 Wait for feedback
Happy New Year! Groovy 2.1 RC Potential 2nd RC Jan Jan 7-13 14-21 Wait for feedback
Happy New Year! Groovy 2.1 RC Potential 2nd RC Jan Jan Jan 7-13 14-21 22-29 Wait for feedback
Happy New Year! Groovy 2.1 RC Potential 2nd RC Jan Jan Jan 7-13 14-21 22-29 Wait for Groovy 2.1 feedback Final !
Back to 2013 and beyond Groovy 2.1 Groovy 4.0 2012 2013 2014 2014 Groovy 2.0 Groovy 3.0
Groovy The infamous 3.0 MOP 2
Groovy 4.0 Antlr 4 grammar
oovy λ Gr JDK 4.0 8 Lambdas
Summary (1/2) • As always, a rich and blossoming ecosystem • Groovy 2.0 • more modularity • static theme • static type checking • static compilation • JDK 7 theme • invoke dynamic support • project coin syntax enhancements
Summary (2/2) • Groovy 2.1 • complete indy support • @DelegatesTo • custom type checking for your DSLs • alias annotation • And beyond... • a new MOP (Meta-Object Protocol) • a new grammar with Antlr 4 • JDK 8 lambda support
Thank you! ge me Lafor lopment Guillau roovy Deve G H ead of m @g mail.co laforge rge Email: g @glafo /glaforg e : .to Twitter : http://gplus spot.com + pp Google p://glaforge.a tt Blog: h
Picture credits • London http://www.londonup.com/media/1251/Tower-Bridge-london-582331_1024_768.jpg • cherry blossom http://wallpaperswide.com/cherry_blossom_3-wallpapers.html • NKOTB http://images1.fanpop.com/images/photos/2300000/nkotb-new-kids-on-the-block-2314664-1280-960.jpg • USA today http://www.adams-pr.com/images/uploads/USA_Today_logo.jpg • back to the future http://davidhiggerson.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/back-to-the-future-delorean.jpg • magnifying glass http://www.renders-graphiques.fr/image/upload/normal/loupe.png • Santa Claus http://icons.iconarchive.com/icons/fasticon/santa-claus/256/Happy-SantaClaus-icon.png • Champagne http://reallife101blogs.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/champagne_glasses2.jpg • that’s all folks http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wJxosualm48/T4M_spcUUjI/AAAAAAAAB8E/njfLjNZQdsc/s1600/thats-all-folks.jpg • MOP http://imagethumbnails.milo.com/024/913/894/trimmed/24913521_25989894_trimmed.jpg • grammar http://edudemic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/connected-learner-grammar.jpg

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Groovy 2 and beyond

  • 1.
    Groovy 2.0 and beyond GuillaumeLaforge Groovy Project Manager SpringSource / VMware @glaforge
  • 2.
    Guillaume Laforge •Groovy Project Manager at VMware • Initiator of the Grails framework • Creator of the Gaelyk • Co-author of Groovy in Action • Follow me on... • My blog: http://glaforge.appspot.com • Twitter: @glaforge • Google+: http://gplus.to/glaforge
  • 3.
  • 8.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
    GVM: Groovy enVironmentManager • New kid in town! • http://gvmtool.net/ — @gvmtool • Manage parallel versions of various SDKs • Currently supports • Groovy, Grails, Griffon, Gradle,Vert.x • On Linux, MacOS, Cygwin, Solaris, FreeBSD
  • 13.
  • 14.
    Groovy 2.0 bird’seye view Java 7 Static Type A more Project Checking modular Coin Groovy Invoke Static Compilation Dynamic
  • 15.
    Groovy 2.0 bird’seye view A more modular Groovy
  • 16.
    Groovy Modularity •Groovy’s « all » JAR weighs in at 6 MB • Nobody needs everything • Template engine, Ant scripting, Swing UI building... • Provide a smaller core • and several smaller JARs per feature • Provide hooks for setting up DGM methods,
  • 17.
    The new JARs • A smaller JAR: 3MB • Modules – console – jsr-223 – test – docgenerator – jmx – testng – groovydoc – sql – json – groovysh – swing – xml – ant – servlet – bsf – templates
  • 18.
    The new JARs • A smaller JAR: 3MB • Modules – console – jsr-223 – test – docgenerator – jmx – testng – groovydoc – sql – json – groovysh – swing – xml – ant – servlet – bsf – templates
  • 19.
    Extension modules •Create your own module • contribute instance extension methods package  foo class  StringExtension  {        static  introduces(String  self,  String  name)  {                "Hi  ${name),  I’m  ${self}"        } } //  usage:  "Guillaume".introduces("Cédric")
  • 20.
    Extension modules •Create your own module • contribute instance extension methods Same structure as Categories package  foo class  StringExtension  {        static  introduces(String  self,  String  name)  {                "Hi  ${name),  I’m  ${self}"        } } //  usage:  "Guillaume".introduces("Cédric")
  • 21.
    Extension modules •Create your own module • contribute class extension methods package  foo class  StaticStringExtension  {        static  hi(String  self)  {                "Hi!"        } } //  usage:  String.hi()
  • 22.
    Extension module descriptor • Descriptor in: META-INF/services/ org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.ExtensionModule moduleName  =  stringExtensions moduleVersion  =  1.0 //  comma-­‐separated  list  of  classes extensionClasses  =  foo.StringExtension //  comma-­‐separated  list  of  classes staticExtensionClasses  =   foo.StaticStringExtension
  • 23.
    Groovy 2.0 bird’seye view Java 7 Static Type A more Project Checking modular Coin Groovy Invoke Static Compilation Dynamic
  • 24.
    Groovy 2.0 bird’seye view Java 7 Project Coin Invoke Dynamic
  • 25.
    Binary literals •We had decimal, octal and hexadecimal notations for number literals • We can now use binary representations too int  x  =  0b10101111 assert  x  ==  175   byte  aByte  =  0b00100001 assert  aByte  ==  33   int  anInt  =  0b1010000101000101 assert  anInt  ==  41285
  • 26.
    Underscore in literals • Now we can also add underscores in number literals for more readability long  creditCardNumber  =  1234_5678_9012_3456L long  socialSecurityNumbers  =  999_99_9999L float  monetaryAmount  =  12_345_132.12 long  hexBytes  =  0xFF_EC_DE_5E long  hexWords  =  0xFFEC_DE5E long  maxLong  =  0x7fff_ffff_ffff_ffffL long  alsoMaxLong  =  9_223_372_036_854_775_807L long  bytes  =  0b11010010_01101001_10010100_10010010
  • 27.
    Multicatch •One block for multiple exception caught • rather than duplicating the block try  {        /*  ...  */ }  catch(IOException  |  NullPointerException  e)  {        /*  one  block  to  treat  2  exceptions  */ }
  • 28.
    InvokeDynamic • Groovy2.0 supports JDK 7’s invokeDynamic • compiler has a flag for compiling against JDK 7 • might use the invokeDynamic backport for < JDK 7 • Benefits • more runtime performance! • at least as fast as current « dynamic » Groovy • in the long run, will allow us to get rid of code! • call site caching, thanks to MethodHandles • metaclass registry, thanks to ClassValues • will let the JIT inline calls more easily
  • 29.
    Groovy 2.0 bird’seye view Java 7 Static Type A more Project Checking modular Coin Groovy Invoke Static Compilation Dynamic
  • 30.
    Groovy 2.0 bird’seye view Static Type Checking Static Compilation
  • 31.
    Static Type Checking • Goal: make the Groovy compiler « grumpy »! • and throw compilation errors (not at runtime) • Not everybody needs dynamic features all the time • think Java libraries scripting • Grumpy should... • tell you about your method or variable typos • complain if you call methods that don’t exist • shout on assignments of wrong types • infer the types of your variables • figure out GDK methods
  • 32.
    Typos in avariable or method import  groovy.transform.TypeChecked   void  method()  {}   @TypeChecked  test()  {        //  Cannot  find  matching  method  metthhoood()        metthhoood()          def  name  =  "Guillaume"        //  variable  naamme  is  undeclared        println  naamme }
  • 33.
    Typos in avariable or method import  groovy.transform.TypeChecked   void  method()  {}   @TypeChecked  test()  {        //  Cannot  find  matching  method  metthhoood()        metthhoood() Compilation   errors!        def  name  =  "Guillaume"        //  variable  naamme  is  undeclared        println  naamme }
  • 34.
    Typos in avariable or method Annotation can be at class or method level import  groovy.transform.TypeChecked   void  method()  {}   @TypeChecked  test()  {        //  Cannot  find  matching  method  metthhoood()        metthhoood() Compilation   errors!        def  name  =  "Guillaume"        //  variable  naamme  is  undeclared        println  naamme }
  • 35.
    Wrong assignments //  cannot  assign  value  of  type...  to  variable... int  x  =  new  Object() Set  set  =  new  Object()   def  o  =  new  Object() int  x  =  o   String[]  strings  =  ['a','b','c'] int  str  =  strings[0]   //  cannot  find  matching  method  plus() int  i  =  0 i  +=  '1'
  • 36.
    Wrong assignments //  cannot  assign  value  of  type...  to  variable... int  x  =  new  Object() Set  set  =  new  Object() Compilation   def  o  =  new  Object() errors! int  x  =  o   String[]  strings  =  ['a','b','c'] int  str  =  strings[0]   //  cannot  find  matching  method  plus() int  i  =  0 i  +=  '1'
  • 37.
    Wrong return types //  checks  if/else  branch  return  values @TypeChecked int  method()  {        if  (true)  {  'String'  }        else  {  42  } } //  works  for  switch/case  &  try/catch/finally   //  transparent  toString()  implied @TypeChecked String  greeting(String  name)  {        def  sb  =  new  StringBuilder()        sb  <<  "Hi  "  <<  name }
  • 38.
    Wrong return types //  checks  if/else  branch  return  values @TypeChecked int  method()  { Compilation        if  (true)  {  'String'  } error!        else  {  42  } } //  works  for  switch/case  &  try/catch/finally   //  transparent  toString()  implied @TypeChecked String  greeting(String  name)  {        def  sb  =  new  StringBuilder()        sb  <<  "Hi  "  <<  name }
  • 39.
    Type inference @TypeChecked  test()  {        def  name  =  "    Guillaume    "          //  String  type  infered  (even  inside  GString)        println  "NAME  =  ${name.toUpperCase()}"            //  Groovy  GDK  method  support        //  (GDK  operator  overloading  too)        println  name.trim()          int[]  numbers  =  [1,  2,  3]        //  Element  n  is  an  int        for  (int  n  in  numbers)  {                println  n        } }
  • 40.
    Statically checked &dynamic methods @TypeChecked String  greeting(String  name)  {        //  call  method  with  dynamic  behavior        //  but  with  proper  signature        generateMarkup(name.toUpperCase()) }   //  usual  dynamic  behavior String  generateMarkup(String  name)  {        def  sw  =  new  StringWriter()        new  MarkupBuilder(sw).html  {                body  {                        div  name                }        }        sw.toString() }
  • 41.
    Instanceof checks @TypeChecked   void  test(Object  val)  {        if  (val  instanceof  String)  {                println  val.toUpperCase()        }  else  if  (val  instanceof  Number)  {                println  "X"  *  val.intValue()        } }
  • 42.
    Instanceof checks @TypeChecked   void  test(Object  val)  { No need        if  (val  instanceof  String)  {                println  val.toUpperCase() for casts        }  else  if  (val  instanceof  Number)  {                println  "X"  *  val.intValue()        } }
  • 43.
    Instanceof checks @TypeChecked   void  test(Object  val)  { No need        if  (val  instanceof  String)  {                println  val.toUpperCase() for casts        }  else  if  (val  instanceof  Number)  {                println  "X"  *  val.intValue()        } } Can call String#multiply(int) from the Groovy Development Kit
  • 44.
    Lowest Upper Bound • Represents the lowest « super » type classes have in common • may be virtual (aka « non-denotable ») @TypeChecked  test()  {        //  an  integer  and  a  BigDecimal        return  [1234,  3.14] }
  • 45.
    Lowest Upper Bound • Represents the lowest « super » type classes have in common • may be virtual (aka « non-denotable ») @TypeChecked  test()  {        //  an  integer  and  a  BigDecimal        return  [1234,  3.14] } Inferred return type: List<Number & Comparable>
  • 46.
    Lowest Upper Bound • Represents the lowest « super » type classes have in common • may be virtual (aka « non-denotable ») @TypeChecked  test()  {        //  an  integer  and  a  BigDecimal        return  [1234,  3.14] } Inferred return type: List<Number & Comparable>
  • 47.
    Flow typing •Static type checking shouldn’t complain even for bad coding practicies which work without type checks @TypeChecked  test()  {        def  var  =  123                  //  inferred  type  is  int        int  x  =  var                      //  var  is  an  int        var  =  "123"                      //  assign  var  with  a  String        x  =  var.toInteger()      //  no  problem,  no  need  to  cast        var  =  123        x  =  var.toUpperCase()  //  error,  var  is  int! }
  • 48.
    Gotcha: static checkingvs dynamic • Type checking works at compile-time • adding @TypeChecked doesn’t change behavior • do not confuse with static compilation • Most dynamic features cannot be type checked • metaclass changes, categories • dynamically bound variables (ex: script’s binding) • But compile-time metaprogramming works • as long as proper type information is defined
  • 49.
    Gotcha: runtime metaprogramming @TypeChecked   void  test()  {        Integer.metaClass.foo  =  {}        123.foo() }
  • 50.
    Gotcha: runtime metaprogramming @TypeChecked   void  test()  {        Integer.metaClass.foo  =  {}        123.foo() } Not allowed: metaClass property is dynamic
  • 51.
    Gotcha: runtime metaprogramming @TypeChecked   void  test()  {        Integer.metaClass.foo  =  {}        123.foo() } Method not Not allowed: recognized metaClass property is dynamic
  • 52.
    Gotcha: explicit typefor closures @TypeChecked  test()  {        ["a",  "b",  "c"].collect  {                it.toUpperCase()  //  Not  OK        } }
  • 53.
    Gotcha: explicit typefor closures @TypeChecked  test()  {        ["a",  "b",  "c"].collect  {  String  it  -­‐>                it.toUpperCase()  //  OK,  it’s  a  String        } }
  • 54.
    Closure shared variables @TypeChecked  test()  {        def  var  =  "abc"                      def  cl  =  {  var  =  new  Date()  }        if  (random)  cl()        var.toUpperCase()    //  Not  OK! }
  • 55.
    Closure shared variables var assigned in the closure: « shared closure variable » @TypeChecked  test()  {        def  var  =  "abc"                      def  cl  =  {  var  =  new  Date()  }        if  (random)  cl()        var.toUpperCase()    //  Not  OK! }
  • 56.
    Closure shared variables var assigned in the closure: « shared closure variable » @TypeChecked  test()  { Impossible to        def  var  =  "abc"               ensure the        def  cl  =  {  var  =  new  Date()  } assignment        if  (random)  cl() really happens        var.toUpperCase()    //  Not  OK! }
  • 57.
    Closure shared variables var assigned in the closure: « shared closure variable » @TypeChecked  test()  { Impossible to        def  var  =  "abc"               ensure the        def  cl  =  {  var  =  new  Date()  } assignment        if  (random)  cl() really happens        var.toUpperCase()    //  Not  OK! } Only methods of the most specific compatible type (LUB) are allowed by the type checker
  • 58.
    Closure shared variables class  A                      {  void  foo()  {}  } class  B  extends  A  {  void  bar()  {}  } @TypeChecked  test()  {        def  var  =  new  A()        def  cl  =  {  var  =  new  B()  }        if  (random)  cl()        var.foo()      //  OK! }
  • 59.
    Closure shared variables class  A                      {  void  foo()  {}  } class  B  extends  A  {  void  bar()  {}  } @TypeChecked  test()  {        def  var  =  new  A()        def  cl  =  {  var  =  new  B()  }        if  (random)  cl()        var.foo()      //  OK! } var is at least an instance of A
  • 60.
    Static Compilation •Given your Groovy code can be type checked... we can as well compile it « statically » • ie. generate the same byte code as javac • Also interesting for those stuck in JDK < 7 to benefit from performance improvements
  • 61.
    Static Compilation: advantages • You gain: • Type safety • thanks to static type checking • static compilation builds upon static type checking • Faster code • as close as possible to Java’s performance • Code immune to « monkey patching » • metaprogramming badly used can interfere with framework code • Smaller bytecode size
  • 62.
    Static Compilation: disadvantages • But you loose: • Dynamic features • metaclass changes, categories, etc. • Dynamic method dispatch • although as close as possible to « dynamic » Groovy
  • 63.
    Statically compiled &dynamic methods @CompileStatic String  greeting(String  name)  {        //  call  method  with  dynamic  behavior        //  but  with  proper  signature        generateMarkup(name.toUpperCase()) }   //  usual  dynamic  behavior String  generateMarkup(String  name)  {        def  sw  =  new  StringWriter()        new  MarkupBuilder(sw).html  {                body  {                        div  name                }        }        sw.toString() }
  • 64.
    What about performance? • Comparisons between: • Java • Groovy static compilation (Groovy 2.0) • Groovy with primitive optimizations (Groovy 1.8+) • Groovy without optimizations (Groovy 1.7)
  • 65.
    What about performance? Pi (π) Binary Fibonacci quadrature trees Java 191 ms 97 ms 3.6 s 1.7 1.8 2.0 Static compilation 197 ms 101 ms 4.3 s Primitive optimizations 360 ms 111 ms 23.7 s No prim. optimizations 2590 ms 3220 ms 50.0 s
  • 67.
    Back to thefuture...
  • 68.
    Full invoke dynamicsupport Groovy 2.1 • In Groovy 2.0, not all call paths were going through invoke dynamic calls • essentially method calls only • still used call site caching techniques • On JDK 7 with the « indy » JAR, Groovy 2.1 uses invoke dynamic everywhere • On JDK < 7, still uses call site caching
  • 69.
    @DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 • Static type checking works nicely for certain Domain-Specific Languages • command chains, extension methods, etc. • But for changes of delegation within closures, it’s not helping • often used by DSLs like within Gradle • Enters @DelegatesTo!
  • 70.
    @DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 class  ExecSpec  {        void  foo() }
  • 71.
    @DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 class  ExecSpec  {        void  foo() } void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() }
  • 72.
    @DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 class  ExecSpec  {        void  foo() } void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() } exec(spec)  {        foo() }
  • 73.
    @DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 class  ExecSpec  {        void  foo() } void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() } exec(spec)  { Static type checker        foo() doesn’t know about } that foo() method
  • 74.
    @DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() }
  • 75.
    @DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 Annotate with: @DelegatesTo(ExecSpec) void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() }
  • 76.
    @DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 • With a special delegation strategy void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c.resolveStrategy  =  DELEGATE_FIRST        c() }
  • 77.
    @DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 • With a special delegation strategy Annotate with: @DelegatesTo(value = ExecSpec, strategy = DELEGATE_FIRST) void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c.resolveStrategy  =  DELEGATE_FIRST        c() }
  • 78.
    @DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 • Use Target to specify the precise argument to delegate to void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() }
  • 79.
    @DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 • Use Target to specify the precise argument to delegate to @DelegatesTo.Target("id") void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() }
  • 80.
    @DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 • Use Target to specify the precise argument to delegate to @DelegatesTo.Target("id") @DelegatesTo(target = "id") void  exec(ExecSpec  sp,  Closure  c)  {        c.delegate  =  sp        c() }
  • 81.
    @DelegatesTo Groovy 2.1 • For DSLs using Groovy closure delegation • Great for... • documenting APIs • IDE integration • code completion, code navigation... • working nicely with static type checking and static compilation
  • 82.
    Custom type checking Groovy 2.1 • You can make Groovy’s static type checking even smarter, with your own smarts! • even smarter than Java’s :-) • Create your own type checker extension @TypeChecked(extensions  =                            'MyExtension.groovy') void  exec()  {        //  code  to  be  further  checked... }
  • 83.
    Custom type checking Groovy 2.1 • Your own extension has access to an event-based API • onMethodSelection • methodNotFound • afterMethodCall • unresolvedVariable • beforeMethodCall • unresolvedProperty • unresolvedAttribute • afterVisitMethod • beforeVisitMethod • incompatibleAssignment
  • 84.
    Custom type checking Groovy 2.1 MyExtension.groovy onMethodSelection  {  expr,  method  -­‐>  ...  } afterMethodCall  {  mc  -­‐>  ...  } unresolvedVariable  {  var  -­‐>  ...  } methodNotFound  {  receiver,  name,  argList,  argTypes,  call  -­‐>  ...  } methodNotFound  {  receiver,  name,  argList,  argTypes,  call  -­‐>  ...  } incompatibleAssignment  {  lhsType,  rhsType,  expr  -­‐>  ...  }
  • 85.
    Custom type checking Groovy 2.1 MyExtension.groovy onMethodSelection  {  expr,  method  -­‐>  ...  } afterMethodCall  {  mc  -­‐>  ...  } unresolvedVariable  {  var  -­‐>  ...  } methodNotFound  {  receiver,  name,  argList,  argTypes,  call  -­‐>  ...  } methodNotFound  {  receiver,  name,  argList,  argTypes,  call  -­‐>  ...  } incompatibleAssignment  {  lhsType,  rhsType,  expr  -­‐>  ...  } Know your Groovy AST API well ;-)
  • 86.
    Custom type checking Groovy 2.1 Doesn’t need MyExtension.groovy to be compiled onMethodSelection  {  expr,  method  -­‐>  ...  } afterMethodCall  {  mc  -­‐>  ...  } unresolvedVariable  {  var  -­‐>  ...  } methodNotFound  {  receiver,  name,  argList,  argTypes,  call  -­‐>  ...  } methodNotFound  {  receiver,  name,  argList,  argTypes,  call  -­‐>  ...  } incompatibleAssignment  {  lhsType,  rhsType,  expr  -­‐>  ...  } Know your Groovy AST API well ;-)
  • 87.
    Alias annotations Groovy 2.1 • Ability to create meta-annotations combining and/or parameterizing other annotations • Works also for local AST transformations and their annotations
  • 88.
    Alias annotations Groovy 2.1 @Immutable @ToString(excludes  =  ["age"]) @AnnotationCollector @interface  MyAlias  {}
  • 89.
    Alias annotations Groovy 2.1 @Immutable @ToString(excludes  =  ["age"]) @AnnotationCollector @interface  MyAlias  {} The « collector »
  • 90.
    Alias annotations Groovy 2.1 Collected @Immutable @ToString(excludes  =  ["age"]) annotations @AnnotationCollector @interface  MyAlias  {} The « collector »
  • 91.
    Alias annotations Groovy 2.1 Collected @Immutable @ToString(excludes  =  ["age"]) annotations @AnnotationCollector @interface  MyAlias  {} The « collector » Your own custom alias name
  • 92.
    Alias annotations Groovy 2.1 Collected @Immutable @ToString(excludes  =  ["age"]) annotations @AnnotationCollector @interface  MyAlias  {} The « collector » Your own custom alias name @MyAlias class  Foo  {        String  name        int  age }
  • 93.
    Alias annotations Groovy 2.1 Collected @Immutable @ToString(excludes  =  ["age"]) annotations @AnnotationCollector @interface  MyAlias  {} The « collector » Your own custom alias name @MyAlias class  Foo  { Use your        String  name concise alias        int  age }
  • 94.
    Take control ofyour Groovy! Groovy 2.1 • Groovy 1.8 introduced compilation customizers • add imports, AST xforms, secure the AST... • With static type checking and static compilation, we received feedback from people wanting them applied « by default » • Allow to instruct the groovyc compiler with a configuration script • groovyc -configurator compConf.groovy Foo.groovy
  • 95.
    Take control ofyour Groovy! Groovy 2.1 • Add a default @ToString transform import  groovy.transform.ToString import  org.codehaus.groovy.control.customizers •              .ASTTransformationCustomizer config.addCompilationCustomizer(        new  ASTTransformationCustomizer(ToString) )
  • 96.
    Take control ofyour Groovy! Groovy 2.1 • Add a default @ToString transform import  groovy.transform.ToString import  org.codehaus.groovy.control.customizers •              .ASTTransformationCustomizer config.addCompilationCustomizer(        new  ASTTransformationCustomizer(ToString) ) Implicit «config» variable representing a CompilationConfiguration instance
  • 97.
    Take control ofyour Groovy! Groovy 2.1 • You can use a builder syntax: config.customizers  {        //  apply  to  MyBean.groovy        source(basename:  'MyBean')  {                ast(ToString)        } }
  • 98.
    Take control ofyour Groovy! Groovy 2.1 • You can use a builder syntax: config.customizers  {        //  apply  to  MyBean.groovy config.customizers  {        source(basename:  'MyBean')  {        //  apply  to  *.gbean  files                ast(ToString)        source(extension:  '.gbean')  {        }                ast(ToString) }        } }
  • 99.
    Take control ofyour Groovy! Groovy 2.1 • You can use a builder syntax: config.customizers  {        //  apply  to  MyBean.groovy config.customizers  {        source(basename:  'MyBean')  {        //  apply  to  *.gbean  files                ast(ToString) config.customizers  {        source(extension:  '.gbean')  {        }        //  custom  filter  logic                  ast(ToString) }        //  with  compilation  units        } }        source(unitValidator:  {  unit  -­‐>  ...  })  {                ast(ToString)        } }
  • 100.
    Roadmap Groovy 2.1 Groovy 4.0 2012 2013 2014 2014 Groovy 2.0 Groovy 3.0
  • 101.
    Roadmap Groovy 2.1 Groovy 4.0 2012 2013 2014 2014 Groovy 2.0 Groovy 3.0
  • 102.
    Roadmap Groovy 2.1 Groovy 4.0 2012 2013 2014 2014 Groovy 2.0 Groovy 3.0
  • 103.
    End of 2012...and the world? 2012 GGeX End of the world
  • 104.
    End of 2012...and the world? 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of the world
  • 105.
    End of 2012...and the world? Groovy 2.1 beta 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of the world
  • 106.
    End of 2012...and the world? Groovy 2.1 beta 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of Recovering the world from GGeX
  • 107.
    End of 2012...and the world? Groovy 2.1 beta 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of Recovering the world from GGeX
  • 108.
    End of 2012...and the world? Groovy 2.1 beta Christmas 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of Recovering the world from GGeX
  • 109.
    End of 2012...and the world? Groovy 2.1 beta Christmas 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of Recovering the world from GGeX
  • 110.
    End of 2012...and the world? Groovy 2.1 beta Christmas 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of Recovering the world from GGeX
  • 111.
    End of 2012...and the world? Groovy 2.1 beta Christmas 2012 Dec GGeX 17-23 End of Recovering Recovering the world from GGeX again !
  • 112.
  • 113.
    Happy New Year! Groovy 2.1 RC Jan 7-13
  • 114.
    Happy New Year! Groovy 2.1 RC Jan Jan 7-13 14-21
  • 115.
    Happy New Year! Groovy 2.1 RC Jan Jan 7-13 14-21 Wait for feedback
  • 116.
    Happy New Year! Groovy 2.1 RC Potential 2nd RC Jan Jan 7-13 14-21 Wait for feedback
  • 117.
    Happy New Year! Groovy 2.1 RC Potential 2nd RC Jan Jan Jan 7-13 14-21 22-29 Wait for feedback
  • 118.
    Happy New Year! Groovy 2.1 RC Potential 2nd RC Jan Jan Jan 7-13 14-21 22-29 Wait for Groovy 2.1 feedback Final !
  • 119.
    Back to 2013and beyond Groovy 2.1 Groovy 4.0 2012 2013 2014 2014 Groovy 2.0 Groovy 3.0
  • 120.
  • 121.
    Groovy 4.0 Antlr 4 grammar
  • 122.
    oovy λ Gr JDK 4.0 8 Lambdas
  • 124.
    Summary (1/2) •As always, a rich and blossoming ecosystem • Groovy 2.0 • more modularity • static theme • static type checking • static compilation • JDK 7 theme • invoke dynamic support • project coin syntax enhancements
  • 125.
    Summary (2/2) •Groovy 2.1 • complete indy support • @DelegatesTo • custom type checking for your DSLs • alias annotation • And beyond... • a new MOP (Meta-Object Protocol) • a new grammar with Antlr 4 • JDK 8 lambda support
  • 126.
    Thank you! ge me Lafor lopment Guillau roovy Deve G H ead of m @g mail.co laforge rge Email: g @glafo /glaforg e : .to Twitter : http://gplus spot.com + pp Google p://glaforge.a tt Blog: h
  • 127.
    Picture credits • London http://www.londonup.com/media/1251/Tower-Bridge-london-582331_1024_768.jpg • cherry blossom http://wallpaperswide.com/cherry_blossom_3-wallpapers.html • NKOTB http://images1.fanpop.com/images/photos/2300000/nkotb-new-kids-on-the-block-2314664-1280-960.jpg • USA today http://www.adams-pr.com/images/uploads/USA_Today_logo.jpg • back to the future http://davidhiggerson.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/back-to-the-future-delorean.jpg • magnifying glass http://www.renders-graphiques.fr/image/upload/normal/loupe.png • Santa Claus http://icons.iconarchive.com/icons/fasticon/santa-claus/256/Happy-SantaClaus-icon.png • Champagne http://reallife101blogs.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/champagne_glasses2.jpg • that’s all folks http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wJxosualm48/T4M_spcUUjI/AAAAAAAAB8E/njfLjNZQdsc/s1600/thats-all-folks.jpg • MOP http://imagethumbnails.milo.com/024/913/894/trimmed/24913521_25989894_trimmed.jpg • grammar http://edudemic.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/connected-learner-grammar.jpg