The document discusses the flora and fauna of the region of Central Macedonia, specifically Kilkis. It identifies three main vegetation zones - the Evmesogeiaki zone, Paramesogeiaki zone, and beech forest zone. It also discusses reforestation efforts and various plant species found in the region including holly, fir, beech, and orchids. Regarding fauna, it provides details on wolves, jackals, and foxes that inhabit the area.

1. Flor a and
fauna
Re gion of
Centr al
Macedonia
KILKIS (
Area: 2.519 sq. km, Population: 89.056 )

2. Flora
 Under the influence of flora, climate,
orographic modulation of geological-
petrographic composition, soil and strong
anthropogenic influences, past and present,
formed in the area three main vegetation zones
(potential vegetation), distinguished by
floristic , ecological, and historical
physiognomy.
 The boundaries of these zones, as well as
growth areas and sub-areas that include, it is
often unclear, as their depiction is only possible
after a more or less generalized information.

3. Flora
The main vegetation zones in the area
identified as follows:
A. Evmesogeiaki vegetation zone
(Quercetalia ilicis)
B. Paramesogeiaki vegetation zone
(Quercetalia pubescentis)
C. Zone of beech forests (Fagetalia)

4. Flora
Land Reforestations
 It should be emphasized the existence of large areas of
plantations of exotic conifers and Greek in
paramesogeiaki vegetation zone. The pine has been
used as the main species in reforestation of several
regions.
 The forest species used in reforestation are: Pinus
brutia, Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinea, Pinus nigra,
Cupressus sempervirens, Cupressus arizonica,
Robinia pseudacacia, Populus x canadensis etc.

5. Flora
Plant Species of our region

6. Flora
Holly
 The holly is a species that grows usually with bushy form, forming
extensive forests, or together with other trees and shrubs.
 The holly is very spread species in the Mediterranean and is the
most common evergreen plant of our country. Cause of the
spread of which is the fact that it grows from the coast up to an
altitude of more than a thousand meters.
 The holly looks shrub or small tree with a height of about 1 to 6
meters or a little more. The bark is tefrochromos initially smooth,
later scaly or torn xirofloio trunk and old branches. The leaves are
simple, leathery, smooth surface, 1-5 cm long The fruits of alder
appear solitary or in pairs.
 The fruit (acorns) used to produce red dye, and in pharmacy. The
yew is also valuable food for goats. Cornerstone risk holly as fires,
as it is highly flammable plant.

7. Flora
Fir
 The fir tree is belonging to the family of elatidon. Three species of
conifer trees that are in Greece. This is the hybrid fir, the
​
Kefalonian and white fir. In the area of Kilkis the main species is
the hybrid fir which is a mix between the Kefalonian and white fir.
 The fir tree height is 15-20 m, depending on the species, with
close hair, good body and thin branches. The root of the system is
characterized as moderately deep and intense. The onset of
spermoparagogis is 20-50 years of age and reaches its maximum
at the age of 60-100 years. The seeds are small germination and
germination is done 2-4 weeks after sowing. The increase in
height is very slowly and reaches the maximum in the age of 40-
60 years. The life is from 300 to 500 years.
 The fir has high water requirements and need deep, loose soils
with good drainage and high relative humidity. Of the three
species more resistant to drought is the hybrid fir.

8. Flora
Beech
 The beech is a genus of deciduous tree species that are found
throughout Europe, Asia and N America. In our country, the beech
grows at altitudes of 500-1800 m and is located in Macedonia,
Thrace, Mount Olympus, Mount Pindos, Metsovo and Konitsa.
Halkidiki are beech forests in Chortiatis in Stratoniko in
Cholomonta and Athos.
 The beech tree can reach a height of about 40 meters has a
straight trunk and crown conical when young, and when he grows
old tree becomes a broad dome. The leaves are oval and dark
green in color. The wood is light reddish color.
 The beech wood used in construction, furniture, shipbuilding and
general in the wood industry.

9. Flora
Orchid
 The Orchid is an ornamental plant. It is the largest family of flowering
plants in the order of angiosperms. This is the newest family of the plant
kingdom, which is in the process of evolution and thus presents many
peculiarities in the varieties included. Feature is, in fact, that the family of
orchididon added every year approximately 800 species.
 Orchids are found in nearly all ecosystems on the planet, although they
usually prefer warm areas with mild climate. In Greece encountered
approximately 175 species, 50 of which are endemic.
 The main threats to orchid from illegal collection and destruction of
minimum or unique habitats, but also by their geographical isolation.
Others are risks to the species is widespread overgrazing and
construction of forest roads.

10. Fauna
 TODO : General Info
 Add some photos

11. Flora
Wild Animals of our region

12. Fauna
 Wolf
 The wolf (Canis lupus) is a carnivorous mammal of the family kynidon. ;
Today, wolves are found mainly in hilly and mountainous areas of Central
Europe, the Mediterranean and N America. Among the areas of our
country that meets the wolf is Kilkis. The length of the wolf can reach up
to 1.5 meters and height of 90 cm The wolf has long legs and tight chest.
Because of the anatomy can travel long distances in search of food. ; The
wolf feeds primarily herbivores such as deer and roe deer. As, however,
these animals gradually disappear, the wolf turns to other small animals
such as rodents in livestock species, dead animals or even garbage. ; A
characteristic feature of life of the wolf is the organization in droves.
Center of the herd is always unique dominant breeding pair. Females give
birth once a year from 3 to 7 microns. The young remain with their parents
for a year and then fall in the same or another herd or go in search of their
own territory. ; The wolf is protected throughout Europe and is included in
the endangered species of our country.

13. Fauna
 Jackal
 The jackal (Canis aureus) live in SE Europe, in parts of Asia and Africa.
The country is located in N. Greece, the Peloponnese, the Ionian Sea and
Samos. Areas that prefers a low altitude and is usually lakes, swamps,
rivers, and beaches.
 The jackal's body reaches a length of up to about 96 cm tall and 40 cm
The jackal has tan fur and a bushy tail. The diet consists of fruits, birds,
soil, small mammals, such as rodents and carrion. Exaitis's diet of carrion,
jackal emits an unpleasant odor.
 The jackal lives in underground and are nocturnal. Feature is the howl of
the night. The jackals are monogamous animals. The females, after the
first year of life, fertilized and lay 3 to 6 small, but very difficult to survive.
 The jackal populations have declined dramatically in recent decades in
our country. This is because until a few years jackal killed on pay. Today,
the greatest threat to the jackal is still the man, who sprawl and
uncontrolled fires threatening their habitat.

14. Fauna
 Fox
 The fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a carnivorous mammal of the family kynidon.
The fox lives almost across Europe, N Africa, Asia and the Americas II. In
Greece found everywhere except in Crete.
 The Fox is located in scrublands and forests, and often live near towns,
villages and beaches or even because of the ease of finding food.
 The fox is slender and agile animal. The body length reaches 90 cm and
Her fur is napped in brown shades. The tail is bushy and the end of white.
 The fox eats primarily mice, squirrels, rabbits, reptiles, and fruits. Feature
is that when you find the above food hiding in pits to use it later. The fox
comes usually in the evening in search of food.
 The formerly outlawed fox species, thus disappeared from many parts of
Europe. However, Fox has a significant influence on the control of rodent
populations and in any case not a harmful species.