The document provides an overview of the Great Depression in the United States between 1929-1941. It discusses the key phases and causes of the depression, including speculation in the stock market, easy credit policies, overproduction, and income disparity. The stock market crash of 1929 marked the beginning of a deep economic downturn, as banks failed and unemployment rose sharply. President Hoover initially took a hands-off approach, while FDR later introduced major relief programs known as the New Deal to stimulate the economy and assist the unemployed. However, full recovery was not achieved until US entry into World War II.
The Great Depression (1929-39) was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, the Great Depression began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. Over the next several years, consumer spending and investment dropped, causing steep declines in industrial output and rising levels of unemployment as failing companies laid off workers. By 1933, when the Great Depression reached its nadir, some 13 to 15 million Americans were unemployed and nearly half of the country’s banks had failed. Though the relief and reform measures put into place by President Franklin D. Roosevelt helped lessen the worst effects of the Great Depression in the 1930s, the economy would not fully turn around until after 1939, when World War II kicked American industry into high gear.
The Great Depression (1929-39) was the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the Western industrialized world. In the United States, the Great Depression began soon after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. Over the next several years, consumer spending and investment dropped, causing steep declines in industrial output and rising levels of unemployment as failing companies laid off workers. By 1933, when the Great Depression reached its nadir, some 13 to 15 million Americans were unemployed and nearly half of the country’s banks had failed. Though the relief and reform measures put into place by President Franklin D. Roosevelt helped lessen the worst effects of the Great Depression in the 1930s, the economy would not fully turn around until after 1939, when World War II kicked American industry into high gear.
this is one of the most demanding and soughted ppt searched by students .i have put many intellctual insights about reasons of great depression 1930 that not only falsified the economic classical theory of jb says but also noviated the birth of new econmical perspective.
this is one of the most demanding and soughted ppt searched by students .i have put many intellctual insights about reasons of great depression 1930 that not only falsified the economic classical theory of jb says but also noviated the birth of new econmical perspective.
1Q) which were the main causes of great depression From the b.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1Q) which were the main causes of great depression?
From the book of history economy I have learnt about the economic situations in America and among them the most devastating was Great Depression. In the year March 1930 when Herbert Hoover was president when the Great Depression started. The main problem was to the farmers who suffered the heavy prices and indebtedness. There was a decline in the economic activity. There was also the crash in stock market, banking crisis also existed and also smooth Hawley tariff came into existence. He proclaimed in that the U.S. Had "passed the most noticeably awful" and contended that the economy would get itself straightened out. The most noticeably bad had started and it endured till the flare-up of World War II in 1939.There are a few reasons for the Great Depression which are generally bantered about. There was no single reason, however a few things conflicted with to get it going. Few noteworthy reasons were a feeble saving money framework because of Federal Reserve Monetary Policy, over creation of merchandise in industry and agribusiness, over spending and blasting credit gurgled, unequal circulation of riches, high duties and war obligations. Political changes 1928 Presidential decisions, Stock Market accident and money related frenzy.
It was noted that The Wall Street Crashed in 1929 was the most devastating crash in the history of the United States. On October 1929 is called “Black Tuesday.” the stock market lost $14 billion, making the loss for that week an astounding $30 billion. It took 23 years for the stock market to hit the high it was at before the crash. It was also published in New York times about the new of stock market crashing.The news of stock market crash spread like a wild fire cause panic, customers rushed to banks for withdrawing money causing disastrous “bank runs”. Many wealth people lost their total wealth and committed suicide. Many companies were shut down and lot of people lost their jobs. It was noted at the peak of depression 1 out of every 4 people were jobless. Between 1930 and 1935 nearly 750,000 farms were lost through bankruptcy or sheriff sales.
People who lost their homes often lived in what were called “Hoovervilles” or shanty towns that were named after President Herbert Hoover. There was also “Hoover Stew” which was the name for food handed out to the poor at soup kitchens. “Hoover Blankets” were the newspapers that were being used to cover people like a blanket. “Hoover Hogs” were jack rabbits that were used for food, and “Hoover Wagons” were broken down cars that were pulled by mules. People who became homeless would ride on railroad cars, because they didn’t had money to travel. It is believed that more than 50,000 people were injured or killed while jumping trains. They traveled together and were called “Hobos”.
The living conditions at that time in United States of America were miserable there was not enough food, shelter or medical care. Many suffe ...
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
2. The Great Depression in the United States
Panics were normal. From 1819 onwards there was at least one
panic every decade right up to the Great Depression.
After panic of 1911, the economy continued to grow until 1929
when the stock market crashed.
The Great depression was the longest and deepest economic
downturn in U.S. history.
3. 4 phases of the Great
Depression in USA
Phase 1: Leading up to the crash of 1929
Phase 2: late 1929to 1933: from panic to deep depression
Phase 3: 1933-1937: recovery
Phase 4: 1937-1941: further recovery ending with joining ww1
4. Phase 1: Causes of the Great
Depression
the 1920’s was a time of
economic growth and political
conservatism in the United States
For eight years stock prices rose
and for the first time many
ordinary people owned stock
So what happened?
5. 5 Main Causes of Great
Depression
Politics
Speculation and Easy Credit
Expansion of Credit
Overproduction
Income disparity
6. Politics
Calvin Coolidge (R) was
president from 1921-1929 and
was very pro-business.
Practiced a hands off policy
towards the nations economy
However, insurmountable tariff
walls are built around the United
States- 32 tariff hikes in 6 years
Hoover, elected in 1928,
initially keeps same conservative
policies
7. Speculation and Easy Credit
Instead of buying stocks with
cash, investors borrowed
money from banks: buying
on margin
Buyer would put down 10%
of the stock price and borrow
90% from bank
Banks also willing to expand
consumer loans
8. Expansion of Credit
Easy credit fueled consumer
demand
Many new household
appliances such as washing
machines, refrigerators, and
air conditioners arrived in
stores
consumer loans allowed these
new products into homes, but
increased personal debt
9. Overproduction
Farm prices were dropping
from overproduction
We had been producing tons
of food to feed the nations of
Europe during WWI, but now
they can make their own food
again
Machines revolutionize
farming and allow bigger
crops on larger areas
10. Income Disparity
Uneven distribution of income
through the 20’s resulted in
wealth becoming concentrated
in the upper classes
by 1929, almost one-half of
families in the United States
lived at subsistence level of
below
the declining income of lower
classes reduced their
purchasing power
11. The Crash
September 3, stock market reaches an
all-time high
October 24, first big crash. Banks
announce funds are available to
purchase more stock
October 29, Black Tuesday, the market
crashed and banks could not stop sell off
Small investors lost their life savings. By
the end of 1929, stock holders lost $40
Billion.
The crash did not cause the great
depression- but signals the beginning
12. Phase 2: 1930-1933
From Bad to Worse
Hoover was president at the time; he was elected a year before
the crash promising to continue Coolidge’s policy of minimum
government involvement.
Hoover and the Federal Reserve Policy
In the months following the crash, Hoover reduced government
spending; the panic became the deepest depression in the
nations history
13. Stupidity Abroad
In an attempt to save domestic producers,
Congress passed the Hawley-Smoot tariff act in
June 1930. This established a high protective
tariff
this caused other nations to retaliate with their
own tariff
exports worldwide drop 50% and cause a
deepening of the depression
14. What hurt the most?
Bank closings- in one year, 1,300 banks closed
Hard-earned savings disappeared as thousands
of banks close across the country
without banks to extend credit and capital,
businesses and factories close
9,000 banks closed in the 1930s
by 1933, depositors saw $140 billion
disappear in bank closures
15. Social Effects of the Depression
Economic downturn affected the entire
country
Major cities saw unemployment rise above
50% by 1932
In some cities, unemployment hit 80%
Men walked the streets looking for work
many families lost their houses, forcing
them to move to the outskirts of towns.
16. In the Heartland
A long term drought struck much of the middle of the
country at the same time as the depression, hitting
farmers who were already suffering from a devastating
drop in income
drought started in 1930 and lasted for a decade
This drought combined with bad farming practices to
form a devastating series of dust storms called the
Dust Bowl (1930-1936)
Worst environmental disaster in United States history
Millions of people flee the heart land to escape the
dust bowl
The Grapes of Wrath
17. The Effect of the Depression of
Minorities
The Great depression his minority
groups even worse
Overall, the 1930s set all groups
back, whatever economic gains
have come about during the
previous decades were lost
18. African Americans
In certain regions of the United States, African Americans had seen
improvements in the 1920s
50% of blacks life in the south
Rural souther blacks lost farms as cotton prices fell. In cities, blacks lost jobs as
white men took the jobs as janitors and street cleaners
Some whites formed groups to keep blacks out of work
by 1932, 75% of black people are unemployed. The general unemployment
number is 25%
Lynchings start to increase
As a result of worsening economic and social conditions, close to half a million
blacks moved to northern cities to find work- joined the Great Migration
19. Hispanic Americans
At the start of Great Depression, there were
between 1.5-2m Latinos in the United
States
“last hired first fired”
Like African Americans, many move to the
cities when their agriculture jobs disappear
As city populations swell, local governments
have raids and try to force Mexican
Americans out
Close to a half-million Latinos moved to
Mexico during the great depression
20. Women
The Great Depression causes a
worsening of circumstances, and
increased their responsibility
the number of working married
women increase by 50% in the
1930s
Black women had it especially hard
Survivalist Entrepreneurship
21. Phase 3:1933-1937 Recovery
The episode with the Bonus Army sealed the final nail in the
coffin for Hoover’s chances of being re-elected in 1932
FDR, New York’s Democratic Governor, won the 1932
Presidential election in a landslide.
FDR tried many different programs over the next two terms to try
to pull America out of the Great Depression, but it took the entry
of the United States into WWII to finally achieve real recovery
22. FDR
Longest serving president in U.S. history
(1933-1945)
Elected to four terms
contracted Polio in 1921, refused to let
the public see him in a wheelchair.
Wanted to appear vigorous.
Gov. responsible for individual welfare
People felt connected with him- fireside
chats
23. The New Deal
At first it was a vague campaign
promise, then it became a dramatic
change in policy.
First New Deal (1933-1935)
focused on economic activity.
The Three R’s- Relief, Recovery,
Reform
See chart
24. Second New Deal
1935-1938
As attacks on the new deal mounted from
Conservatives and Liberals, FDR
abandoned the middle and moved left.
This new deal focused on social justice
critiqued “money class”
higher taxes for corporations and higher
incomes
examples?
25. Roosevelt and the Court System
The supreme court ruled the AAA unconstitutional in January,
1936. Also struck down 10 other New Deal agencies.
The court showed itself to be hostile to a large government role
in the economy
FDR wanted to name a new justice to the bench for every justice
over 70
this means he would be able to name 6 more justices
This idea dies in congress, and is seen an overreaching
26.
27. Opposition to the New Deal
The New Deal was attacked by both the left and the right
Why from each?
While the majority of Americans supported the president’s
policies, the strength of opposition did limit New Deal
Legislation