Nitro for your Grails App: How to improve performance!! Greach' 18

Salenda
Nitro for your Grails App:  
how to improve performance!
Greach ‘18
Alberto De Ávila Hernández
Alberto Barón Cuevas

A B O U T @ A L B E R T O B A R O N 1
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
✴ Software Engineer
✴ Senior Dev at Salenda
✴ Groovy & Grails dev

A B O U T @ A L B E R T O _ D E AV I L A
✴ Software Engineer
✴ Team Lead at Salenda
✴ Groovy & Grails dev
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

S O F T WA R E D E V E L O P M E N T
Turnkey
development
Atlassian
Solution
Partner
Consulting and
support in
software
architecture and
analysis
Application
integration
Evolutionary support
of our own
developments or
inherited ones
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

G O A L S
✴ Different ways to improve performance
✴ Good practices
✴ Common mistakes
✴ Tricks and tips
✴ Tools to measure performance
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

✴ Improvements outside Grails App
✴ Improvements inside Grails App
✴ Conﬁg
✴ Code
✴ Tools
I N D E X
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

I M P R O V E M E N T S O U T S I D E
Improvements outside

✴ Hardware
✴ Software
✴ Architectural
✴ JVM
✴ Database
I M P R O V E M E N T S I N S I D E
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

H A R D WA R E I M P R O V E M E N T S
Hardware improvements
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

✴ Better hard disc: SSD
✴ Increase RAM memory
✴ Better microprocessor
✴ More velocity
✴ More cores
✴ Improve network
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

A R C H I T E C T U R A L I M P R O V E M E N T S
Arquitectural improvements
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

A R C H I T E C T U R A L I M P R O V E M E N T S
✴ Multiple web server instances
✴ Load balancers
✴ Proxies
✴ Message quering
✴ Multiple databases
✴ Microservices
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

A R Q U I T E C T U R A L I M P R O V E M E N T S
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

J V M I M P R O V E M E N T S
JVM improvements
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

PA R A M E T E R S
✴VM options:
✴ MaxMetaspaceSize
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

J AVA 8 PA R A M E T E R S
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

D ATA B A S E I M P R O V E M E N T S
Database improvements
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

✴ Monitoring your database performance
✴ Fix slow queries
✴ Use views to execute complex queries
✴ Create indexes in the mains tables
✴ Create a good data model
✴ Do you (only) need relational databases?
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

Improvements inside

Configuration improvements
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

C O N F I G U R AT I O N I M P R O V E M E N T S
Bootstrap
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

B O O T S T R A P
✴ Include the minimum code
✴ Configure it by environments
✴ Don’t insert data in Bootstrap: use migrations
✴ Use Promises
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

B O O T S T R A P
✴ Configure it by environments
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
import grails.util.Environment
Environment.executeForCurrentEnvironment{
production{
// do something in prod
}
development{
// do something in dev
}
staging{
// do something in custom env
}
}

B O O T S T R A P
✴ Don´t insert data. Use migrations plugin
✴ Manage database changes
✴ Avoid inconsistences
✴ Changelog.groovy file to group changes
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
databaseChangeLog = {
include ﬁle: ‘20180105_BUG-1.groovy’
include ﬁle: '20180212_FEATURE-6.groovy'
}

B O O T S T R A P
✴ Promises
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
def testingPerformance() {
redirect action: 'assistAnotherPresentation', controller: 'greach',
params: [
speak: 'GRAILS 3 TESTING OPTIMIZATION',
speaker: 'Evelina & Tomás',
day: '17th March',
time: '8:30 AM'
]
}

C O N F I G U R AT I O N I M P R O V E M E N T S
Hibernate cache
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

H I B E R N AT E C A C H E
✴ Second level cache:
✴ Read
✴ Read-Write
✴ Nonstrict-Read-Write
✴ Transactional
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

✴ Add dependencies to your project
✴ Conﬁg:
 
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
hibernate:
cache:
use_second_level_cache: true
provider_class: net.sf.ehcache.hibernate.EhCacheProvider
region:
factory_class: org.hibernate.cache.ehcache.EhCacheRegionFactory

✴ Cache use:
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
class Car {
static mapping = {
cache usage: 'read-only'
// 'read-write' || ‘transactional' || ‘nonstrict-read-write’
}
}
class Car {
static hasMany = [wheels: Wheel]
static mapping = {
wheels cache: true
}
}

✴ Cache use:
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
Car.findByBrand("Tesla", [cache: true])
Car.withCriteria {
like('model', 'Model%')
cache true
}

@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
But be careful with Caches

Code improvements
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

C O D E I M P R O V E M E N T S
@CompileStatic
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

Querying
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

Q U E RY I N G
✴ GORM querying options
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1 http://tatiyants.com/how-and-when-to-use-various-gorm-querying-options/

Q U E RY I N G
✴ Don’t abuse of dynamic ﬁnders
✴ Don’t ﬁlter / sort a query result, use queries
✴ You can use left join and projections with
criterias
✴ Flush the session in little batches
✴ Give hibernate´ s Stateless session a try
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

Domain classes
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

D O M A I N C L A S S E S
Autowiring
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

A U T O R I W I N G
✴ Autowiring services are injected:
✴ Every GORM query result
✴ New domain classes instances
✴ Grails > 3.3.0 autowiring disabled by default
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

A U T O R I W I N G
✴ Alternatives:
✴ Anemic domain model + logic in services
✴ Taglibs to get logic in view layer
✴ Lazy load services
✴ GORM Event Listeners
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
lazy load services?

A U T O R I W I N G
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

D O M A I N C L A S S E S
HasMany
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

H A S M A N Y
✴ HasMany instances are lazy-loaded by default
✴ All instances are loaded when add new one
✴ Bad performance with entities too big
✴ How to stop using it in:
✴ One to Many
✴ Many to Many
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1 From Burt Beckwith talk in 2009: https://es.slideshare.net/burtbeckwith/advanced-gorm-performance-customization-and-monitoring

H A S M A N Y
One to many
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

O N E T O M A N Y
✴ Delete the hasMany
✴ Relate the “many” side with the owner:
@alberto_deavila
class Person{
String name
}
class Car{
String register
Person owner
}
class Person{
String name
static hasMany = [cars: Car]
}
class Car{
String register
}

H A S M A N Y
Many to many
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

M A N Y T O M A N Y
✴ Like Spring Security with User - Role relation
✴ Let instances orphans
✴ Map the join relation
✴ Create helpers to use the new relation
✴ Create / remove instances
✴ Finders
@alberto_deavila

M A N Y T O M A N Y
@alberto_deavila
class Person{
String name
Set<Car> getCars(){
PersonCar.findAllByPerson(this)
.collect { it.car } as Set
}
}
class PersonCar{
Car car
Person person
static PersonCar create(Person person, Car car){
new PersonCar(person: person, car: car).save()
}
static boolean remove (Person person, Car car){
PersonCar personCar = PersonCar.findByPersonAndCar(person, car)
personCar ? personCar?.delete() : false
}
}
class Car{
String register
}

O N E T O M A N Y
✴ You will lose automatic cascade:
✴ You have to delete it manually
✴ Evict cascade problems
✴ Can’t use addTo and removeFrom methods
✴ Implement getter to ﬁndAllCarsByUser
@alberto_deavila

M A N Y T O M A N Y
✴ Not all models are applicable to this solution
✴ Study your model
✴ Take performance measures
✴ Then decide if use this approach
@alberto_deavila

H A S M A N Y
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

Logs
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

A S Y N C H R O N O U S A P P E N D E R S
Asynchronous Appenders
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

A S Y N C H R O N O U S A P P E N D E R S
✴ Appender:
✴ Delivering LogEvents to their destination
✴ AsyncAppender
✴ Lets users log events asynchronously
✴ How work is passed between threads?
✴Use ArrayBlockingQueue implementation
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

A S Y N C H R O N O U S L O G G E R S
Asynchronous Loggers
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

✴ Concepts related with performance:
✴ Latency: required time to perform an action
✴ Throughput: nº of executed actions / time
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
To increase logging performance, we want
lower latency and higher throughput

✴ How work is passed between threads?
✴ LMAX Disruptor technology
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
“A lock-free inter-thread communication library,
instead of queues, resulting in higher throughput
and lower latency.”
https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/async.html#UnderTheHood

@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1 https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/manual/async.html

@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

Data processing
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

D ATA P R O C E S S I N G
✴ Grails promises
✴ Use the cache plugin
✴ Avoid repetitive querying
✴ Async processing
✴ GPars
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

Cache plugin
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

C A C H E P L U G I N
✴ Plugin for Grails 2 & 3 (under development)
✴ Cache methods responses and tags
✴ Easy to use and configure
✴ Possibility to create any differents caches
✴ Cached items have no timeout
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

✴ To store values in the cache:
✴ To get the cached values:
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
@Cacheable(value = 'message', key = { title.toUpperCase() } )
Message getMessage(String title) {
log.debug 'Fetching message'
Message.findByTitle(title)
}
}
@CachePut(value='message', key = { message.title.toUpperCase() })
void save(Message message) {
log.debug "Saving message $message"
message.save()
}

✴ To delete values from cache:
✴ Trick: you can combine annotations
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
@CacheEvict(value = 'message', key = { message.title })
void delete(Message message) {
log.debug "Deleting message $message"
message.delete()
}

@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

Avoid repetitive querying
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

AV O I D R E P E T I T I V E Q U E RY I N G
✴ We have the following code:
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
def myMethod(){
List<String> names = ['Homer', 'Marge', 'Bart', 'Lisa', 'Maggie']
//up to 100 Simpsons names
names.each{ String name ->
Character character = Character.findByName(name)
// some actions
character.save()
}
}

✴ We can refactor it to:
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
def myRefactoredMethod(){
List<String> names = ['Homer', 'Marge', 'Bart', 'Lisa', 'Maggie']
//up to 100 Simpsons names
List<Character> characters = Character.findByNameInList(names)
characters.each{ Character character ->
// some actions
}
characters*.save()
}

✴ We have the following code:
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
def myServiceMethod(){
List<Long> ids = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] //up to 100 ids
ids.each{ Long id ->
Character character = Character.get(id)
// some actions
character.save()
}
}

✴ We can refactor it to:
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
def myRefactoredAction2(){
List<Long> ids = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] //up to 100 ids
List<Character> characters = Character.getAll(ids)
characters.each{ Character character ->
// some actions
}
characters*.save()
}

@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

Async data processing
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

A S Y N C D ATA P R O C E S S I N G
✴ 100 factorial with threads & shared memory:
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
Long result = 1g
List threads = []
(1..100).each { number ->
threads << Thread.start {
synchronized(this) {
result = result * number
}
}
}
threads*.join()
log.debug result

✴ Process a request asynchronously
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
def myAction(){
Thread.start {
// do slow work in background
// Send an email or some kind of notification
}
render "We are working on it!"
}

@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

GPars
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

G PA R S
✴ GPars is a framework to do concurrent tasks
✴ Works with Java and Groovy
✴ Make concurrent programming easy
✴ Provide us multiple solutions for parallelism
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

G PA R S
✴ An example with parallel collections:
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
//summarize numbers concurrently
GParsPool.withPool {
final AtomicInteger amount = new AtomicInteger(0)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].eachParallel {amount.addAndGet(it)}
assert 15 == result
}

G PA R S
✴ An example with async call:
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
GParsPool.withPool() {
assert 6 == {it * 2}.callAsync(3).get()
}

G PA R S
✴ But there are more GPars features:
✴ Actors
✴ Agents
✴ Dataﬂow
✴ Fork-join
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

G PA R S
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

Views
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

V I E W S
✴ Compress resources:
✴ Group resources in Manifest
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
assets {
minifyJs=true
minifyCss=true
excludes=[“**/*.html”]
}
/*
* =require file1.css
* =require file2.css
*/
<asset:javascript src=“manifest.js” />
assets/javascript/manifest.js

V I E W S
✴ Avoid ask for resources external
✴ Download JS or CSS files in local
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

V I E W S
Content Delivery Network
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

V I E W S
✴ Use CDN for static files
✴Network of servers spread over the world
✴Shows statically the content of websites
✴Static content cached and stored on servers
✴Delivery determined by location of visitors
✴Static files include html, css, JS or images
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

V I E W S
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

V I E W S
✴ Set up CDN in a Grails App
✴Install two plugins in BuildConfig
✴SetUp a CloudFront
✴Put CDN details in Config
✴Push local assets to cloud: assets-cdn-push
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
compile “:cdn-asset-pipeline:0.4.1”
compile “:karman:0.6.1”

Regex
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

R E G E X
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

R E G E X
✴ Main Tools
✴ JRegExAnalyser
✴ RegexBuddy
✴ Debuggex
✴ Rubular
✴ RegexPal
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

R E G E X
✴ RegExp against bad backtracking:
http://www.regular-expressions.info/catastrophic.html
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
“When nesting repetition operators, make
sure that there is only one way to match the
same match”

Testing
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

T E S T I N G
def testingPerformance() {
params: [
speak: 'GRAILS 3 TESTING OPTIMIZATION',
speaker: 'Evelina & Tomás',
day: '17th March',
time: '8:30 AM'
]
}
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

T O O L S
✴ Many tools to measure performance
✴ JavaMelody
✴ App dynamics
✴ New relic
✴ Dynatrace
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

J AVA M E L O D Y
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1
def javaMelodyTool() {
params: [
speak: 'JavaMelody to measure Grails app performance',
speaker: 'Miguel Angel García',
day: '17th March',
time: '11:45 AM'
]
}

T O O L S
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

T O O L S
✴ Real time application
✴ Application performance monitoring
✴ Available to multiple technologies
✴ Database monitoring
✴ Server topology auto discovered
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

C O N C L U S I O N S
Conclusions

C O N C L U S I O N S
✴ Performance doesn't only depend on Grails
✴ Improve Grails performance in many ways
✴ Performance is a culture
✴ Performance has costs, but less than fix it later
✴ Easy to improve performance little by little
✴ Use tools to help you measure indicators
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

SalendaThank you!
@alberto_deavila
@albertoBaron1

Nitro for your Grails App: How to improve performance!! Greach' 18

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