1) The document discusses using graph databases and graph-based approaches for metadata management, data governance, and complying with GDPR regulations.
2) Key applications mentioned include using graphs for data modelling and definition, tracking data lineage, managing consent for personal data use, and implementing fine-grained entitlement and access controls.
3) Examples of organizations using Neo4j, a graph database, are provided for applications like metadata lineage tracking, identity and consent management, and assessing impacts of data changes for GDPR compliance.