Graphite is carbon in the form of hexagonal crystalline layers, in w.pdf
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Graphite is carbon in the form of hexagonal crystalline layers, in which covalent bonding exists between atoms in the layers, and the (parallel) layers are bonded by van der Waals forces, thus leading to highly anisotropic properties. Solution Graphite is carbon in the form of hexagonal crystalline layers, in which covalent bonding exists between atoms in the layers, and the (parallel) layers are bonded by van der Waals forces, thus leading to highly anisotropic properties..
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no reaction between them. Solution .pdf
This very short document does not contain any substantive information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. It repeats the phrase "no reaction between them" but provides no context or details about what is not reacting or the expected reaction.
True ; examples are CO2 ,SO2 .pdf
This short document states that the claim is true and provides carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) as examples to support the claim. No other information is given.
Groups III (Al, Ga, In, Tl), Group IV (GE, Sn and.pdf
Groups III (Al, Ga, In, Tl), Group IV (GE, Sn and Pb) ,Group V (As, Sb, Bi)) and
transision metals
Solution
Groups III (Al, Ga, In, Tl), Group IV (GE, Sn and Pb) ,Group V (As, Sb, Bi)) and
transision metals.
In the gravimetric method forthe determinationof Sulphate ion .pdf
In the gravimetric method forthe determinationof Sulphate ion we can addotion of Barium
chloride.
Then the Barium ion isreacted with Sulphate ion to form awhite color barium
sulphateprecipitate .
Barium sulfate is a whitecrystalline solid with the chemical formula BaSO4.
It is insoluble in water andother traditional solvents but is soluble in concentrated
sulfuricacid.
Ba2+(from BaCl2)+SO42- BaSO4 (s)
Sulfate is determinedgravimetrically by precipitating as BaSO4 by the additonof BaCl2
solution. To ensure thatSO42- in the solution has completedprecipitated, a few drops of BaCl2
solution is added tothe clear supernatent solution. If any cloudiness appears after theaddition, th
precipitation of SO42- is noycomplete.
2) Digestion is a process in which the precipitate isheated extensively with the mother liquor for
a certain period oftime. Digestion helps in the dissolution of small crystals of theprocipitate and
formation of larger crystals. It alsoprevents the precipitation of ions (co-precipitaion) otherthan
that being precipitated
Solution
In the gravimetric method forthe determinationof Sulphate ion we can addotion of Barium
chloride.
Then the Barium ion isreacted with Sulphate ion to form awhite color barium
sulphateprecipitate .
Barium sulfate is a whitecrystalline solid with the chemical formula BaSO4.
It is insoluble in water andother traditional solvents but is soluble in concentrated
sulfuricacid.
Ba2+(from BaCl2)+SO42- BaSO4 (s)
Sulfate is determinedgravimetrically by precipitating as BaSO4 by the additonof BaCl2
solution. To ensure thatSO42- in the solution has completedprecipitated, a few drops of BaCl2
solution is added tothe clear supernatent solution. If any cloudiness appears after theaddition, th
precipitation of SO42- is noycomplete.
2) Digestion is a process in which the precipitate isheated extensively with the mother liquor for
a certain period oftime. Digestion helps in the dissolution of small crystals of theprocipitate and
formation of larger crystals. It alsoprevents the precipitation of ions (co-precipitaion) otherthan
that being precipitated.
Ecell= Eocell + 0.059n (Log(k)) using this equa.pdf
Ecell= Eocell + 0.059/n (Log(k)) using this equation and the value given Ecell =
1.5 Eocell= 0.77 n=3 gives k = 1.0 x 10^37 hence ans.= 1.0 x 10^37
Solution
Ecell= Eocell + 0.059/n (Log(k)) using this equation and the value given Ecell =
1.5 Eocell= 0.77 n=3 gives k = 1.0 x 10^37 hence ans.= 1.0 x 10^37.
The DNA replication occurs through the coordinated sequences of init.pdf
The DNA replication occurs through the coordinated sequences of initiation , elongation and
termination, each step being catalyzed by specific enzymes. The process occurs at particular
points, forming \'replication bubbles.\'
During the initiation phase, the replication is initiated at particular points called \"origins\". The
replication bubble starts with the enzyme helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds between the
parental strands. The initiator proteins bind to the sites rich in \"AT\" bases. ( A T base pairs
have two hydrogen bonds and hence easy to break ). Once the sequence is located, the initiator
protein assembles other proteins and form the pre-replication complex, unzipping the double
stranded DNA.
During the elongation phase, the enzyme primase add RNA primer to the template strand. The
leading starnd which receives one RNA primer is continuosly extended by the DNA polymerase
enzyme. The lagging strand which receives several RNA primers, is discontinuosly extended
forming Okazaki fragments. The enzyme RNase removes the primer fragments and a low
processivity DNA polymerase fill those gaps. The single nick on the leading strand and several
nicks on the lagging strand gets filled up by the activity of DNAligase enzyme .
As the replication proceeds, the DNA strands unwind forming a replication fork, with two
branching prongs each made up of single stranded DNA, which serve as the template for the new
DNA.DNA is always synthesised in the 5\' to 3 \' direction, the new nucleotides are added to the
3\' end of the growing strand. In the replication fork structure , the leading and the lagging strand
templates are oriented in the opposite directions. The leading strand is synthesised in the same
direction of the progressing replication fork, whereas the lagging strand is synthesised in the
opposite direction. Because of this reverse orientaion of the lagging strand, its replication is
complicated and the DNA polymerase lags behind the other strand.
During the termination phase, in eukaryotes with linear DNA, the terminal end or the telomere
region, is attached with telomerase enzyme, which catalyses the DNA synthesis using its own
RNA template.
Solution
The DNA replication occurs through the coordinated sequences of initiation , elongation and
termination, each step being catalyzed by specific enzymes. The process occurs at particular
points, forming \'replication bubbles.\'
During the initiation phase, the replication is initiated at particular points called \"origins\". The
replication bubble starts with the enzyme helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds between the
parental strands. The initiator proteins bind to the sites rich in \"AT\" bases. ( A T base pairs
have two hydrogen bonds and hence easy to break ). Once the sequence is located, the initiator
protein assembles other proteins and form the pre-replication complex, unzipping the double
stranded DNA.
During the elongation phase, the enzyme primase add RNA primer to the tem.
Suppose there exists a function called Insert designed to insert a v.pdf
Suppose there exists a function called Insert designed to insert a value into a sorted sequence at
the beginning of an array. It operates by beginning at the end of the sequence and shifting each
element one place to the right until a suitable position is found for the new element. The function
has the side effect of overwriting the value stored immediately after the sorted sequence in the
array.
To perform an insertion sort, begin at the left-most element of the array and invoke Insert to
insert each element encountered into its correct position. The ordered sequence into which the
element is inserted is stored at the beginning of the array in the set of indices already examined.
Each insertion overwrites a single value: the value being inserted.
1)The best case input is an array that is already sorted. In this case insertion sort has a linear
running time (i.e., ?(n)). During each iteration, the first remaining element of the input is only
compared with the right-most element of the sorted subsection of the array.
2)The simplest worst case input is an array sorted in reverse order. The set of all worst case
inputs consists of all arrays where each element is the smallest or second-smallest of the
elements before it. In these cases every iteration of the inner loop will scan and shift the entire
sorted subsection of the array before inserting the next element. This gives insertion sort a
quadratic running time (i.e., O(n2)).
Solution
Suppose there exists a function called Insert designed to insert a value into a sorted sequence at
the beginning of an array. It operates by beginning at the end of the sequence and shifting each
element one place to the right until a suitable position is found for the new element. The function
has the side effect of overwriting the value stored immediately after the sorted sequence in the
array.
To perform an insertion sort, begin at the left-most element of the array and invoke Insert to
insert each element encountered into its correct position. The ordered sequence into which the
element is inserted is stored at the beginning of the array in the set of indices already examined.
Each insertion overwrites a single value: the value being inserted.
1)The best case input is an array that is already sorted. In this case insertion sort has a linear
running time (i.e., ?(n)). During each iteration, the first remaining element of the input is only
compared with the right-most element of the sorted subsection of the array.
2)The simplest worst case input is an array sorted in reverse order. The set of all worst case
inputs consists of all arrays where each element is the smallest or second-smallest of the
elements before it. In these cases every iteration of the inner loop will scan and shift the entire
sorted subsection of the array before inserting the next element. This gives insertion sort a
quadratic running time (i.e., O(n2))..
Recommended
no reaction between them. Solution .pdf
This very short document does not contain any substantive information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. It repeats the phrase "no reaction between them" but provides no context or details about what is not reacting or the expected reaction.
True ; examples are CO2 ,SO2 .pdf
This short document states that the claim is true and provides carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) as examples to support the claim. No other information is given.
Groups III (Al, Ga, In, Tl), Group IV (GE, Sn and.pdf
Groups III (Al, Ga, In, Tl), Group IV (GE, Sn and Pb) ,Group V (As, Sb, Bi)) and
transision metals
Solution
Groups III (Al, Ga, In, Tl), Group IV (GE, Sn and Pb) ,Group V (As, Sb, Bi)) and
transision metals.
In the gravimetric method forthe determinationof Sulphate ion .pdf
In the gravimetric method forthe determinationof Sulphate ion we can addotion of Barium
chloride.
Then the Barium ion isreacted with Sulphate ion to form awhite color barium
sulphateprecipitate .
Barium sulfate is a whitecrystalline solid with the chemical formula BaSO4.
It is insoluble in water andother traditional solvents but is soluble in concentrated
sulfuricacid.
Ba2+(from BaCl2)+SO42- BaSO4 (s)
Sulfate is determinedgravimetrically by precipitating as BaSO4 by the additonof BaCl2
solution. To ensure thatSO42- in the solution has completedprecipitated, a few drops of BaCl2
solution is added tothe clear supernatent solution. If any cloudiness appears after theaddition, th
precipitation of SO42- is noycomplete.
2) Digestion is a process in which the precipitate isheated extensively with the mother liquor for
a certain period oftime. Digestion helps in the dissolution of small crystals of theprocipitate and
formation of larger crystals. It alsoprevents the precipitation of ions (co-precipitaion) otherthan
that being precipitated
Solution
In the gravimetric method forthe determinationof Sulphate ion we can addotion of Barium
chloride.
Then the Barium ion isreacted with Sulphate ion to form awhite color barium
sulphateprecipitate .
Barium sulfate is a whitecrystalline solid with the chemical formula BaSO4.
It is insoluble in water andother traditional solvents but is soluble in concentrated
sulfuricacid.
Ba2+(from BaCl2)+SO42- BaSO4 (s)
Sulfate is determinedgravimetrically by precipitating as BaSO4 by the additonof BaCl2
solution. To ensure thatSO42- in the solution has completedprecipitated, a few drops of BaCl2
solution is added tothe clear supernatent solution. If any cloudiness appears after theaddition, th
precipitation of SO42- is noycomplete.
2) Digestion is a process in which the precipitate isheated extensively with the mother liquor for
a certain period oftime. Digestion helps in the dissolution of small crystals of theprocipitate and
formation of larger crystals. It alsoprevents the precipitation of ions (co-precipitaion) otherthan
that being precipitated.
Ecell= Eocell + 0.059n (Log(k)) using this equa.pdf
Ecell= Eocell + 0.059/n (Log(k)) using this equation and the value given Ecell =
1.5 Eocell= 0.77 n=3 gives k = 1.0 x 10^37 hence ans.= 1.0 x 10^37
Solution
Ecell= Eocell + 0.059/n (Log(k)) using this equation and the value given Ecell =
1.5 Eocell= 0.77 n=3 gives k = 1.0 x 10^37 hence ans.= 1.0 x 10^37.
The DNA replication occurs through the coordinated sequences of init.pdf
The DNA replication occurs through the coordinated sequences of initiation , elongation and
termination, each step being catalyzed by specific enzymes. The process occurs at particular
points, forming \'replication bubbles.\'
During the initiation phase, the replication is initiated at particular points called \"origins\". The
replication bubble starts with the enzyme helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds between the
parental strands. The initiator proteins bind to the sites rich in \"AT\" bases. ( A T base pairs
have two hydrogen bonds and hence easy to break ). Once the sequence is located, the initiator
protein assembles other proteins and form the pre-replication complex, unzipping the double
stranded DNA.
During the elongation phase, the enzyme primase add RNA primer to the template strand. The
leading starnd which receives one RNA primer is continuosly extended by the DNA polymerase
enzyme. The lagging strand which receives several RNA primers, is discontinuosly extended
forming Okazaki fragments. The enzyme RNase removes the primer fragments and a low
processivity DNA polymerase fill those gaps. The single nick on the leading strand and several
nicks on the lagging strand gets filled up by the activity of DNAligase enzyme .
As the replication proceeds, the DNA strands unwind forming a replication fork, with two
branching prongs each made up of single stranded DNA, which serve as the template for the new
DNA.DNA is always synthesised in the 5\' to 3 \' direction, the new nucleotides are added to the
3\' end of the growing strand. In the replication fork structure , the leading and the lagging strand
templates are oriented in the opposite directions. The leading strand is synthesised in the same
direction of the progressing replication fork, whereas the lagging strand is synthesised in the
opposite direction. Because of this reverse orientaion of the lagging strand, its replication is
complicated and the DNA polymerase lags behind the other strand.
During the termination phase, in eukaryotes with linear DNA, the terminal end or the telomere
region, is attached with telomerase enzyme, which catalyses the DNA synthesis using its own
RNA template.
Solution
The DNA replication occurs through the coordinated sequences of initiation , elongation and
termination, each step being catalyzed by specific enzymes. The process occurs at particular
points, forming \'replication bubbles.\'
During the initiation phase, the replication is initiated at particular points called \"origins\". The
replication bubble starts with the enzyme helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds between the
parental strands. The initiator proteins bind to the sites rich in \"AT\" bases. ( A T base pairs
have two hydrogen bonds and hence easy to break ). Once the sequence is located, the initiator
protein assembles other proteins and form the pre-replication complex, unzipping the double
stranded DNA.
During the elongation phase, the enzyme primase add RNA primer to the tem.
Suppose there exists a function called Insert designed to insert a v.pdf
Suppose there exists a function called Insert designed to insert a value into a sorted sequence at
the beginning of an array. It operates by beginning at the end of the sequence and shifting each
element one place to the right until a suitable position is found for the new element. The function
has the side effect of overwriting the value stored immediately after the sorted sequence in the
array.
To perform an insertion sort, begin at the left-most element of the array and invoke Insert to
insert each element encountered into its correct position. The ordered sequence into which the
element is inserted is stored at the beginning of the array in the set of indices already examined.
Each insertion overwrites a single value: the value being inserted.
1)The best case input is an array that is already sorted. In this case insertion sort has a linear
running time (i.e., ?(n)). During each iteration, the first remaining element of the input is only
compared with the right-most element of the sorted subsection of the array.
2)The simplest worst case input is an array sorted in reverse order. The set of all worst case
inputs consists of all arrays where each element is the smallest or second-smallest of the
elements before it. In these cases every iteration of the inner loop will scan and shift the entire
sorted subsection of the array before inserting the next element. This gives insertion sort a
quadratic running time (i.e., O(n2)).
Solution
Suppose there exists a function called Insert designed to insert a value into a sorted sequence at
the beginning of an array. It operates by beginning at the end of the sequence and shifting each
element one place to the right until a suitable position is found for the new element. The function
has the side effect of overwriting the value stored immediately after the sorted sequence in the
array.
To perform an insertion sort, begin at the left-most element of the array and invoke Insert to
insert each element encountered into its correct position. The ordered sequence into which the
element is inserted is stored at the beginning of the array in the set of indices already examined.
Each insertion overwrites a single value: the value being inserted.
1)The best case input is an array that is already sorted. In this case insertion sort has a linear
running time (i.e., ?(n)). During each iteration, the first remaining element of the input is only
compared with the right-most element of the sorted subsection of the array.
2)The simplest worst case input is an array sorted in reverse order. The set of all worst case
inputs consists of all arrays where each element is the smallest or second-smallest of the
elements before it. In these cases every iteration of the inner loop will scan and shift the entire
sorted subsection of the array before inserting the next element. This gives insertion sort a
quadratic running time (i.e., O(n2))..
Rules-based accounting is basically a list of detailed rules that mu.pdf
Rules-based accounting is basically a list of detailed rules that must be followed when preparing
financial statements. Many accountants favor the prospect of using rules-based standards,
because in the absence of rules they could be brought to court if their judgments of the financial
statements were incorrect. When there are strict rules that need to be followed, the possibility of
lawsuits is diminished. Having a set of rules can increase accuracy and reduce the ambiguity that
can trigger aggressive reporting decisions by management. The complexity of rules, however,
can cause unnecessary complexity in the preparation of financial statements.
Principles-based accounting such as generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) is used as
a conceptual basis for accountants. A simple set of key objectives are set out to ensure good
reporting. Common examples are provided as guidance and explain the objectives. Although
some rules are unavoidable, the guidelines or rules set are not meant to be used for every
situation. The fundamental advantage of principles-based accounting is that its broad guidelines
can be practical for a variety of circumstances. Precise requirements can sometimes compel
managers to manipulate the statements to fit what is compulsory. The problem with principles-
based guidelines is that lack of guidelines can produce unreliable and inconsistent information
that makes it difficult to compare one organization to another.
When contemplating which accounting method is best, it must be made certain that the
information provided in the financial statements is relevant, reliable and comparable across
reporting periods and entities. Increased discussion has pushed accountants towards principle-
based accounting, but it is recognized that the method needs to be modified to make it more
effective and efficient.
Assessing the materiality of the errors, direction provided by the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC)
One rule of thumb in particular suggests that the misstatement or omission of an item that falls
under a 5% threshold is not material in the absence of particularly egregious circumstances, such
as self-dealing or misappropriation by senior management. The staff reminds registrants and the
auditors of their financial statements that exclusive reliance on this or any percentage or
numerical threshold has no basis in the accounting literature or the law.
The materiality of the errors, direction provided by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) provides that
what would be material to the reasonable investor when making an investment decision in the
company’s securities. Usually, this is 5 percent of the company’s pre-tax net income, but may be
different when the company has losses or low profit levels; both quantitative and qualitative
aspects must be considered. It is preferable if the external auditor agrees with management’s
determination of materiality, so early discussions should be held. The external auditor may
indicate th.
Condensation of steam, because its just a phase.pdf
Condensation of steam, because it\'s just a phase change of water.Phase changes are
physical properties not chemical.
Solution
Condensation of steam, because it\'s just a phase change of water.Phase changes are
physical properties not chemical..
Please rate - ThanksD) The beta-anomer of the furanose form of a.pdf
Please rate - Thanks
D) The beta-anomer of the furanose form of an ketohexose.
On the right, the CH2OH is pointing down, that\'s beta.
Five membered ring with CH2OH at both right and left -> furanose
ketohexose forms this type of five-membered group.
Solution
Please rate - Thanks
D) The beta-anomer of the furanose form of an ketohexose.
On the right, the CH2OH is pointing down, that\'s beta.
Five membered ring with CH2OH at both right and left -> furanose
ketohexose forms this type of five-membered group..
B. Alcohols are capable of acting as acids as a.pdf
B. Alcohols are capable of acting as acids as alcohols are acidic in nature
Solution
B. Alcohols are capable of acting as acids as alcohols are acidic in nature.
Legionellosis is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila. The.pdf
Legionellosis is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila. The bacteria typically
contaminates hot water tubs, air conditioners, and mist sprayers. The bacterium grows best in
warm waters. It is small, aerobic, water borne gram negative, catalase positive bacterium.
The bacterium is an intracellular parasite. It can infect protozoa and phagocytic cells. They resist
phagolysosome formation and thus, avoid intracellular killing. They multiply inside the
phagocytic cell, especially macrophages and monocytes.
The exact mechanism and virulence factors responsible for pathogencity are not yet found.
Hence, there is no vaccine available yet against this infection.
PCR based assays are done to determine serotype, using 16S rRNA specific probes, and probes
specific for virulence assocaited genes.
Solution
Legionellosis is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila. The bacteria typically
contaminates hot water tubs, air conditioners, and mist sprayers. The bacterium grows best in
warm waters. It is small, aerobic, water borne gram negative, catalase positive bacterium.
The bacterium is an intracellular parasite. It can infect protozoa and phagocytic cells. They resist
phagolysosome formation and thus, avoid intracellular killing. They multiply inside the
phagocytic cell, especially macrophages and monocytes.
The exact mechanism and virulence factors responsible for pathogencity are not yet found.
Hence, there is no vaccine available yet against this infection.
PCR based assays are done to determine serotype, using 16S rRNA specific probes, and probes
specific for virulence assocaited genes..
It is extreme important for a firm to able to meet its obligation as.pdf
It is extreme important for a firm to able to meet its obligation as they become due. liquidity ratio
measures the ability of the firm to meet its current obligations(liabilities).A firm should ensure
that it does not suffer from lack of liquidity and also that it does not have excess liquidity. The
higher the ratio, the more liquid the company is. Low values indicate that a firm may have
difficulty meeting obligations.
All other things being equal, In general point of view a high liquid ratio to be better than a low
liquid ratio, because a high liquid ratio means that the company is more likely to meet its
liabilities which are due .
In general, low or decreasing ratios generally suggest that a company is over-leveraged,
struggling to maintain or grow sales, paying bills too quickly or collecting receivables too
slowly. On the other hand, a high or increasing ratio generally indicates that a company is
experiencing solid top-line growth, quickly converting receivables into cash, and easily able to
cover its financial obligations. Such companies often have faster inventory turnover and cash
conversion cycles.
Since the circumstances for every business and industry are different, making it difficult to create
a universal benchmark for healthy liquidity ratios. The best practice for investors, lenders and
managers is to consider liquidity ratios of successful competitors and historical trends.
In general terms the current ratio of 2 to 1 is considered satisfactory
and quick ratio of1 to 1 is considered to represent a satisfactory current financial condition. It is
possible to have higher values of current and quick ratio but the higher value of these ratio
indicates that that the business managers is unable to find investment opportunities .A higher
degree of liquidity is also bad as idle asset earns nothing, the firms fund will be unnecessary tied
up in current asset.
Solution
It is extreme important for a firm to able to meet its obligation as they become due. liquidity ratio
measures the ability of the firm to meet its current obligations(liabilities).A firm should ensure
that it does not suffer from lack of liquidity and also that it does not have excess liquidity. The
higher the ratio, the more liquid the company is. Low values indicate that a firm may have
difficulty meeting obligations.
All other things being equal, In general point of view a high liquid ratio to be better than a low
liquid ratio, because a high liquid ratio means that the company is more likely to meet its
liabilities which are due .
In general, low or decreasing ratios generally suggest that a company is over-leveraged,
struggling to maintain or grow sales, paying bills too quickly or collecting receivables too
slowly. On the other hand, a high or increasing ratio generally indicates that a company is
experiencing solid top-line growth, quickly converting receivables into cash, and easily able to
cover its financial obligations. Such companies often have faster invento.
This is a decomposition reaction. Notes (1)combu.pdf
This is a decomposition reaction. Notes: (1)combustion: things react with oxygen,
therefore they get oxidized. e.g. burning fuels, where hydrocarbons react with oxygen to form
oxides (water and carbon dioxide). (2)decomposition: only one reactant to the left , but more
than one species form on the right. Obviously this reaction is decomposition. (3)synthesis: the
reverse of decomposition. Several reactants react to form one product. (4)water forming: water
must forms on the right side. e.g. Burn hydrogen in oxygen to get water.
Solution
This is a decomposition reaction. Notes: (1)combustion: things react with oxygen,
therefore they get oxidized. e.g. burning fuels, where hydrocarbons react with oxygen to form
oxides (water and carbon dioxide). (2)decomposition: only one reactant to the left , but more
than one species form on the right. Obviously this reaction is decomposition. (3)synthesis: the
reverse of decomposition. Several reactants react to form one product. (4)water forming: water
must forms on the right side. e.g. Burn hydrogen in oxygen to get water..
sp sp2 .pdf
This very short document does not contain enough substantive information to generate a multi-sentence summary. It appears to contain formatting codes or placeholders but no meaningful content.
Given that [H+ ] = 2.2x10 -7 MWe know that [H+ ] [ OH- ] = Kw ( io.pdf
Given that [H+ ] = 2.2x10 -7 M
We know that [H+ ] [ OH- ] = Kw ( ionic product of water )
[H+ ] [ OH- ] = 1.0 x10 -14 M 2
[ OH- ] = (1.0 x10 -14 ) / [H+ ]
= (1.0 x10 -14 ) / (2.2x10 -7 )
= 4.54 x 10 -8 M
Solution
Given that [H+ ] = 2.2x10 -7 M
We know that [H+ ] [ OH- ] = Kw ( ionic product of water )
[H+ ] [ OH- ] = 1.0 x10 -14 M 2
[ OH- ] = (1.0 x10 -14 ) / [H+ ]
= (1.0 x10 -14 ) / (2.2x10 -7 )
= 4.54 x 10 -8 M.
During fermentation, when O2 is not present, NAD+ is regenerated fro.pdf
During fermentation, when O2 is not present, NAD+ is regenerated from NADH by transferring
electrons to organic molecules. In this process, pyruvate is converted into organic molecules like
lactate, ethanol.
Solution
During fermentation, when O2 is not present, NAD+ is regenerated from NADH by transferring
electrons to organic molecules. In this process, pyruvate is converted into organic molecules like
lactate, ethanol..
Ellipse locus of points which moves such that sum of the distances.pdf
Ellipse : locus of points which moves such that sum of the distances from two fixed point is
constant.
Hyperbola : locus of points which moves such that differences of the distances from two fixed
point is constant.
Ellipse : two focci, two axis ,major and minor, closed and bounded region ,four vertices and
centre
Hyperbola : two focci, two axis ,transverse and conjugate , un bounded region ,two vertices and
centre.
Ellipse : eccentricty less than one.
Hyperbola : eccentricity more than one.
Solution
Ellipse : locus of points which moves such that sum of the distances from two fixed point is
constant.
Hyperbola : locus of points which moves such that differences of the distances from two fixed
point is constant.
Ellipse : two focci, two axis ,major and minor, closed and bounded region ,four vertices and
centre
Hyperbola : two focci, two axis ,transverse and conjugate , un bounded region ,two vertices and
centre.
Ellipse : eccentricty less than one.
Hyperbola : eccentricity more than one..
CB FalseA TrueDDSolutionCB False.pdf
This document contains a series of letters with no context. It appears to be testing whether statements are true or false but provides no statements to evaluate. It repeats some letters but does not form a coherent message or summary.
Answers3. (b) The newer generation EGFR tyrosine kinase chemother.pdf
Answers:
3. (b) The newer generation EGFR tyrosine kinase chemotherapy inhibitor Iressa (gefitinib) is a
specific chemotherapeutic agent and interrupts signaling of EGFR signaling. It has been seen to
be far more superior to old chemotherapeutic agents in long term survival rates of patients.
4. (d) The most difficult \'stage\' for a malignant cell to form a metastasis is colonization from
micro to macrometastasis, since the cells become dormant and die during micro colonization and
requires various factors for survival and macrometastasis.
5. (a) Tumor promotion stimulates outgrowth of the genetically damaged neoplastic cells and is
often attributed to chronic _inflammation_______________, whereas the heterotypic interactions
encountered following invasion across the basement membrane are reminiscent of the ___wound
healing______________ phenomenon.
6. (c) The blood vessels supplying blood to the tumour cells are very leaky and poorly
structured, having many loops and dead ends. This allows tumour growth and progression.
7. (d) Major -histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) bind tightly to the antigen and distinguish it
as self or non self.
8. (e) Vimentin is a mesenchymal biomarker used to assess EMT or MET in malignant tumours.
9. (b) More people are dying of cancer in the modern era because exposure to environmental
carcinogens leading to higher prevalence.
10. (a) MIN have been found in bacterial and yeast mutants with defects in the mis match repair
machinery.
Solution
Answers:
3. (b) The newer generation EGFR tyrosine kinase chemotherapy inhibitor Iressa (gefitinib) is a
specific chemotherapeutic agent and interrupts signaling of EGFR signaling. It has been seen to
be far more superior to old chemotherapeutic agents in long term survival rates of patients.
4. (d) The most difficult \'stage\' for a malignant cell to form a metastasis is colonization from
micro to macrometastasis, since the cells become dormant and die during micro colonization and
requires various factors for survival and macrometastasis.
5. (a) Tumor promotion stimulates outgrowth of the genetically damaged neoplastic cells and is
often attributed to chronic _inflammation_______________, whereas the heterotypic interactions
encountered following invasion across the basement membrane are reminiscent of the ___wound
healing______________ phenomenon.
6. (c) The blood vessels supplying blood to the tumour cells are very leaky and poorly
structured, having many loops and dead ends. This allows tumour growth and progression.
7. (d) Major -histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) bind tightly to the antigen and distinguish it
as self or non self.
8. (e) Vimentin is a mesenchymal biomarker used to assess EMT or MET in malignant tumours.
9. (b) More people are dying of cancer in the modern era because exposure to environmental
carcinogens leading to higher prevalence.
10. (a) MIN have been found in bacterial and yeast mutants with defects in the mis match repair
machinery..
Antibiotics- Tetracycline Erythromycin Medications -that fight bacte.pdf
Antibiotics- Tetracycline Erythromycin Medications -that fight bacterial infections, inhibiting or
stopping bacterial growth
Antimicrobials- Triclosan Biochemicals- that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms
including bacteria and fung
Detergent metabolites- Nonylphenol -Chemical compounds formed when detergents are broken
down by wastewater treatment or environmental degradation
Disinfectants Alcohols, Aldehydes and oxidizing agents A chemical agent used on non-living
surfaces to destroy, neutralize, or inhibit the growth of disease-causing microorganisms
Disinfection by-products Chloroform, Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) Chemical substances
resulting from the interaction of organic matter in water with disinfection agents such as chlorine
Estrogenic compounds Estrone, Estradiol, Nonylphenol, Bisphenol A Natural or synthetic
chemicals that can elicit an estrogenic response
Fire or flame retardants Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) Any of several materials or
coatings that inhibit or resist the spread of fire
Fire or flame retardants Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) Any of several materials or
coatings that inhibit or resist the spread of fire
Insect repellants DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) Chemical substances applied to skin or
other surfaces to discourage insects from coming in contact with the surface
PAHs (poly-aromatic hydrocarbons) Benzo(a)pyrene, Fluoranthene, Naphthalene A large group
of chemical substances usually found in the environment as a result of incomplete burning of
carbon-containing materials like fossil fuels, wood, or garbage
Personal Care Products Para-hydroxybenzoate Chemical substances used in a diverse group of
personal items including toiletries and cosmetics
Pesticides or Insecticides Permethrin, Fenitrothion, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (B.t.i.)
Chemical substances or microbiological agents that kill, incapacitate or otherwise prevent pests
from causing damage
Pharmaceuticals Fluoxetine (Prozac), Carbamazepine, Diphenhydramine Chemical substances
used in the prevention or treatment of physiological conditions
Plasticizers Dioctyl Phthalate (DOP) Chemical additives that increase the plasticity or fluidity of
a material
Reproductive hormones Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), Progesterone, Estrone, Estradiol A group of
chemical substances, usually steroids, whose purpose is to stimulate certain reproductive
functions
Solvents Ethanol, Kerosene Chemical solutions, other than water, capable of dissolving another
substance.
Steroids Cholesterol, Coprostanol, Estrone, Progesterone A large group of fat-soluble organic
compounds with a characteristic molecular structure, which includes many natural and synthetic
hormones
Surfactants Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Chemical substances that affect the surface of a liquid
Solution
Antibiotics- Tetracycline Erythromycin Medications -that fight bacterial infections, inhibiting or
stopping bacterial growth
Antimicrobials- Triclosan Biochemicals- that kill or inhibit the .
Answer is E all of the boxes.Based on the phylogenetic tree in th.pdf
Answer is E: all of the boxes.
Based on the phylogenetic tree in the given picture, each branch of the tree is connected to with
the other branch at some point. Thus there are similarities between the animals. Thus we can
conclude that all the boxes have radial symmetry.
Solution
Answer is E: all of the boxes.
Based on the phylogenetic tree in the given picture, each branch of the tree is connected to with
the other branch at some point. Thus there are similarities between the animals. Thus we can
conclude that all the boxes have radial symmetry..
Answer Unsystematic RiskUnsystematic risk is a diversifiable risk.pdf
Answer: Unsystematic Risk
Unsystematic risk is a diversifiable risk which can be reduce through diversification.
Portfolio diversification is the process of spreading your investment related risk by mixing a
wide variety of investment within a portfolio with different risk and return factors.
So by portfolio diversification one can eliminate unsystematic risk.
Solution
Answer: Unsystematic Risk
Unsystematic risk is a diversifiable risk which can be reduce through diversification.
Portfolio diversification is the process of spreading your investment related risk by mixing a
wide variety of investment within a portfolio with different risk and return factors.
So by portfolio diversification one can eliminate unsystematic risk..
Answer 14.62 monthsPresent value = 1,287Future value = 6,365.pdf
Answer : 14.62 months
Present value = 1,287
Future value = 6,365
Future value = Present value x FVIFr, n = Present value x ( 1 + r ) n
( 1.1156 ) n = Future value / Present value = 6,365 / 1,287 = 4.94561
n = 14.62 months
Solution
Answer : 14.62 months
Present value = 1,287
Future value = 6,365
Future value = Present value x FVIFr, n = Present value x ( 1 + r ) n
( 1.1156 ) n = Future value / Present value = 6,365 / 1,287 = 4.94561
n = 14.62 months.
A virus is a piece of self-replicating code embedded within another .pdf
A virus is a piece of self-replicating code embedded within another program called the host.
Types of viruses
Brain Virus
Melissa virus
Solution
A virus is a piece of self-replicating code embedded within another program called the host.
Types of viruses
Brain Virus
Melissa virus.
1.Payout ratio is the proportion of earnings paid out as dividends t.pdf
1.Payout ratio is the proportion of earnings paid out as dividends to shareholders, typically
expressed as a percentage. The payout ratio can also be expressed as dividends paid out as a
proportion of cash flow. Payout ratio is calculated as fallows. Payout Ratio = (Dividends per
Share (DPS) / Earnings per Share (EPS)) x 100. As gama precisions has high payout ratio that is
60%,that determine the sustainability of a company’s dividend payments. It is the amount of
dividends paid to shareholders relative to the total net income of a company. As per pecking
order theory Financing comes from three sources, internal funds, debt and new equity.
Companies prioritize their sources of financing, first preferring internal financing, and then debt,
lastly raising equity as a \"last resort\". Hence: internal financing is used first; when that is
depleted, then debt is issued; and when it is no longer sensible to issue any more debt, equity is
issued. This theory maintains that businesses adhere to a hierarchy of financing sources and
prefer internal financing when available, and debt is preferred over equity if external financing is
required (equity would mean issuing shares which meant \'bringing external ownership\' into the
company). Thus, the form of debt a firm chooses can act as a signal of its need for external
finance. Conclusion: as given gamma precisions has high payout ratio it preferred to external
financing 2.debt equity ratio of fatty food is 0.2 while gamma precisions has 0.1 that implies if
Debt is 100, equity is 1000 for gamma precisions and Debt is 200, and equity is 1000 in case of
fatty food this they are financing more by equity rather than debt thus indicate that a company is
not taking advantage of the increased profits that financial leverage may bring.
Solution
1.Payout ratio is the proportion of earnings paid out as dividends to shareholders, typically
expressed as a percentage. The payout ratio can also be expressed as dividends paid out as a
proportion of cash flow. Payout ratio is calculated as fallows. Payout Ratio = (Dividends per
Share (DPS) / Earnings per Share (EPS)) x 100. As gama precisions has high payout ratio that is
60%,that determine the sustainability of a company’s dividend payments. It is the amount of
dividends paid to shareholders relative to the total net income of a company. As per pecking
order theory Financing comes from three sources, internal funds, debt and new equity.
Companies prioritize their sources of financing, first preferring internal financing, and then debt,
lastly raising equity as a \"last resort\". Hence: internal financing is used first; when that is
depleted, then debt is issued; and when it is no longer sensible to issue any more debt, equity is
issued. This theory maintains that businesses adhere to a hierarchy of financing sources and
prefer internal financing when available, and debt is preferred over equity if external financing is
required (equity would mean issuing shares which m.
Ans 75.1 mm HG It increases as the molecules are .pdf
Ans 75.1 mm HG It increases as the molecules are less attracted to each other by
intermolecular forces
Solution
Ans 75.1 mm HG It increases as the molecules are less attracted to each other by
intermolecular forces.
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
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Rules-based accounting is basically a list of detailed rules that mu.pdf
Rules-based accounting is basically a list of detailed rules that must be followed when preparing
financial statements. Many accountants favor the prospect of using rules-based standards,
because in the absence of rules they could be brought to court if their judgments of the financial
statements were incorrect. When there are strict rules that need to be followed, the possibility of
lawsuits is diminished. Having a set of rules can increase accuracy and reduce the ambiguity that
can trigger aggressive reporting decisions by management. The complexity of rules, however,
can cause unnecessary complexity in the preparation of financial statements.
Principles-based accounting such as generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) is used as
a conceptual basis for accountants. A simple set of key objectives are set out to ensure good
reporting. Common examples are provided as guidance and explain the objectives. Although
some rules are unavoidable, the guidelines or rules set are not meant to be used for every
situation. The fundamental advantage of principles-based accounting is that its broad guidelines
can be practical for a variety of circumstances. Precise requirements can sometimes compel
managers to manipulate the statements to fit what is compulsory. The problem with principles-
based guidelines is that lack of guidelines can produce unreliable and inconsistent information
that makes it difficult to compare one organization to another.
When contemplating which accounting method is best, it must be made certain that the
information provided in the financial statements is relevant, reliable and comparable across
reporting periods and entities. Increased discussion has pushed accountants towards principle-
based accounting, but it is recognized that the method needs to be modified to make it more
effective and efficient.
Assessing the materiality of the errors, direction provided by the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC)
One rule of thumb in particular suggests that the misstatement or omission of an item that falls
under a 5% threshold is not material in the absence of particularly egregious circumstances, such
as self-dealing or misappropriation by senior management. The staff reminds registrants and the
auditors of their financial statements that exclusive reliance on this or any percentage or
numerical threshold has no basis in the accounting literature or the law.
The materiality of the errors, direction provided by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) provides that
what would be material to the reasonable investor when making an investment decision in the
company’s securities. Usually, this is 5 percent of the company’s pre-tax net income, but may be
different when the company has losses or low profit levels; both quantitative and qualitative
aspects must be considered. It is preferable if the external auditor agrees with management’s
determination of materiality, so early discussions should be held. The external auditor may
indicate th.
Condensation of steam, because its just a phase.pdf
Condensation of steam, because it\'s just a phase change of water.Phase changes are
physical properties not chemical.
Solution
Condensation of steam, because it\'s just a phase change of water.Phase changes are
physical properties not chemical..
Please rate - ThanksD) The beta-anomer of the furanose form of a.pdf
Please rate - Thanks
D) The beta-anomer of the furanose form of an ketohexose.
On the right, the CH2OH is pointing down, that\'s beta.
Five membered ring with CH2OH at both right and left -> furanose
ketohexose forms this type of five-membered group.
Solution
Please rate - Thanks
D) The beta-anomer of the furanose form of an ketohexose.
On the right, the CH2OH is pointing down, that\'s beta.
Five membered ring with CH2OH at both right and left -> furanose
ketohexose forms this type of five-membered group..
B. Alcohols are capable of acting as acids as a.pdf
B. Alcohols are capable of acting as acids as alcohols are acidic in nature
Solution
B. Alcohols are capable of acting as acids as alcohols are acidic in nature.
Legionellosis is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila. The.pdf
Legionellosis is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila. The bacteria typically
contaminates hot water tubs, air conditioners, and mist sprayers. The bacterium grows best in
warm waters. It is small, aerobic, water borne gram negative, catalase positive bacterium.
The bacterium is an intracellular parasite. It can infect protozoa and phagocytic cells. They resist
phagolysosome formation and thus, avoid intracellular killing. They multiply inside the
phagocytic cell, especially macrophages and monocytes.
The exact mechanism and virulence factors responsible for pathogencity are not yet found.
Hence, there is no vaccine available yet against this infection.
PCR based assays are done to determine serotype, using 16S rRNA specific probes, and probes
specific for virulence assocaited genes.
Solution
Legionellosis is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila. The bacteria typically
contaminates hot water tubs, air conditioners, and mist sprayers. The bacterium grows best in
warm waters. It is small, aerobic, water borne gram negative, catalase positive bacterium.
The bacterium is an intracellular parasite. It can infect protozoa and phagocytic cells. They resist
phagolysosome formation and thus, avoid intracellular killing. They multiply inside the
phagocytic cell, especially macrophages and monocytes.
The exact mechanism and virulence factors responsible for pathogencity are not yet found.
Hence, there is no vaccine available yet against this infection.
PCR based assays are done to determine serotype, using 16S rRNA specific probes, and probes
specific for virulence assocaited genes..
It is extreme important for a firm to able to meet its obligation as.pdf
It is extreme important for a firm to able to meet its obligation as they become due. liquidity ratio
measures the ability of the firm to meet its current obligations(liabilities).A firm should ensure
that it does not suffer from lack of liquidity and also that it does not have excess liquidity. The
higher the ratio, the more liquid the company is. Low values indicate that a firm may have
difficulty meeting obligations.
All other things being equal, In general point of view a high liquid ratio to be better than a low
liquid ratio, because a high liquid ratio means that the company is more likely to meet its
liabilities which are due .
In general, low or decreasing ratios generally suggest that a company is over-leveraged,
struggling to maintain or grow sales, paying bills too quickly or collecting receivables too
slowly. On the other hand, a high or increasing ratio generally indicates that a company is
experiencing solid top-line growth, quickly converting receivables into cash, and easily able to
cover its financial obligations. Such companies often have faster inventory turnover and cash
conversion cycles.
Since the circumstances for every business and industry are different, making it difficult to create
a universal benchmark for healthy liquidity ratios. The best practice for investors, lenders and
managers is to consider liquidity ratios of successful competitors and historical trends.
In general terms the current ratio of 2 to 1 is considered satisfactory
and quick ratio of1 to 1 is considered to represent a satisfactory current financial condition. It is
possible to have higher values of current and quick ratio but the higher value of these ratio
indicates that that the business managers is unable to find investment opportunities .A higher
degree of liquidity is also bad as idle asset earns nothing, the firms fund will be unnecessary tied
up in current asset.
Solution
It is extreme important for a firm to able to meet its obligation as they become due. liquidity ratio
measures the ability of the firm to meet its current obligations(liabilities).A firm should ensure
that it does not suffer from lack of liquidity and also that it does not have excess liquidity. The
higher the ratio, the more liquid the company is. Low values indicate that a firm may have
difficulty meeting obligations.
All other things being equal, In general point of view a high liquid ratio to be better than a low
liquid ratio, because a high liquid ratio means that the company is more likely to meet its
liabilities which are due .
In general, low or decreasing ratios generally suggest that a company is over-leveraged,
struggling to maintain or grow sales, paying bills too quickly or collecting receivables too
slowly. On the other hand, a high or increasing ratio generally indicates that a company is
experiencing solid top-line growth, quickly converting receivables into cash, and easily able to
cover its financial obligations. Such companies often have faster invento.
This is a decomposition reaction. Notes (1)combu.pdf
This is a decomposition reaction. Notes: (1)combustion: things react with oxygen,
therefore they get oxidized. e.g. burning fuels, where hydrocarbons react with oxygen to form
oxides (water and carbon dioxide). (2)decomposition: only one reactant to the left , but more
than one species form on the right. Obviously this reaction is decomposition. (3)synthesis: the
reverse of decomposition. Several reactants react to form one product. (4)water forming: water
must forms on the right side. e.g. Burn hydrogen in oxygen to get water.
Solution
This is a decomposition reaction. Notes: (1)combustion: things react with oxygen,
therefore they get oxidized. e.g. burning fuels, where hydrocarbons react with oxygen to form
oxides (water and carbon dioxide). (2)decomposition: only one reactant to the left , but more
than one species form on the right. Obviously this reaction is decomposition. (3)synthesis: the
reverse of decomposition. Several reactants react to form one product. (4)water forming: water
must forms on the right side. e.g. Burn hydrogen in oxygen to get water..
sp sp2 .pdf
This very short document does not contain enough substantive information to generate a multi-sentence summary. It appears to contain formatting codes or placeholders but no meaningful content.
Given that [H+ ] = 2.2x10 -7 MWe know that [H+ ] [ OH- ] = Kw ( io.pdf
Given that [H+ ] = 2.2x10 -7 M
We know that [H+ ] [ OH- ] = Kw ( ionic product of water )
[H+ ] [ OH- ] = 1.0 x10 -14 M 2
[ OH- ] = (1.0 x10 -14 ) / [H+ ]
= (1.0 x10 -14 ) / (2.2x10 -7 )
= 4.54 x 10 -8 M
Solution
Given that [H+ ] = 2.2x10 -7 M
We know that [H+ ] [ OH- ] = Kw ( ionic product of water )
[H+ ] [ OH- ] = 1.0 x10 -14 M 2
[ OH- ] = (1.0 x10 -14 ) / [H+ ]
= (1.0 x10 -14 ) / (2.2x10 -7 )
= 4.54 x 10 -8 M.
During fermentation, when O2 is not present, NAD+ is regenerated fro.pdf
During fermentation, when O2 is not present, NAD+ is regenerated from NADH by transferring
electrons to organic molecules. In this process, pyruvate is converted into organic molecules like
lactate, ethanol.
Solution
During fermentation, when O2 is not present, NAD+ is regenerated from NADH by transferring
electrons to organic molecules. In this process, pyruvate is converted into organic molecules like
lactate, ethanol..
Ellipse locus of points which moves such that sum of the distances.pdf
Ellipse : locus of points which moves such that sum of the distances from two fixed point is
constant.
Hyperbola : locus of points which moves such that differences of the distances from two fixed
point is constant.
Ellipse : two focci, two axis ,major and minor, closed and bounded region ,four vertices and
centre
Hyperbola : two focci, two axis ,transverse and conjugate , un bounded region ,two vertices and
centre.
Ellipse : eccentricty less than one.
Hyperbola : eccentricity more than one.
Solution
Ellipse : locus of points which moves such that sum of the distances from two fixed point is
constant.
Hyperbola : locus of points which moves such that differences of the distances from two fixed
point is constant.
Ellipse : two focci, two axis ,major and minor, closed and bounded region ,four vertices and
centre
Hyperbola : two focci, two axis ,transverse and conjugate , un bounded region ,two vertices and
centre.
Ellipse : eccentricty less than one.
Hyperbola : eccentricity more than one..
CB FalseA TrueDDSolutionCB False.pdf
This document contains a series of letters with no context. It appears to be testing whether statements are true or false but provides no statements to evaluate. It repeats some letters but does not form a coherent message or summary.
Answers3. (b) The newer generation EGFR tyrosine kinase chemother.pdf
Answers:
3. (b) The newer generation EGFR tyrosine kinase chemotherapy inhibitor Iressa (gefitinib) is a
specific chemotherapeutic agent and interrupts signaling of EGFR signaling. It has been seen to
be far more superior to old chemotherapeutic agents in long term survival rates of patients.
4. (d) The most difficult \'stage\' for a malignant cell to form a metastasis is colonization from
micro to macrometastasis, since the cells become dormant and die during micro colonization and
requires various factors for survival and macrometastasis.
5. (a) Tumor promotion stimulates outgrowth of the genetically damaged neoplastic cells and is
often attributed to chronic _inflammation_______________, whereas the heterotypic interactions
encountered following invasion across the basement membrane are reminiscent of the ___wound
healing______________ phenomenon.
6. (c) The blood vessels supplying blood to the tumour cells are very leaky and poorly
structured, having many loops and dead ends. This allows tumour growth and progression.
7. (d) Major -histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) bind tightly to the antigen and distinguish it
as self or non self.
8. (e) Vimentin is a mesenchymal biomarker used to assess EMT or MET in malignant tumours.
9. (b) More people are dying of cancer in the modern era because exposure to environmental
carcinogens leading to higher prevalence.
10. (a) MIN have been found in bacterial and yeast mutants with defects in the mis match repair
machinery.
Solution
Answers:
3. (b) The newer generation EGFR tyrosine kinase chemotherapy inhibitor Iressa (gefitinib) is a
specific chemotherapeutic agent and interrupts signaling of EGFR signaling. It has been seen to
be far more superior to old chemotherapeutic agents in long term survival rates of patients.
4. (d) The most difficult \'stage\' for a malignant cell to form a metastasis is colonization from
micro to macrometastasis, since the cells become dormant and die during micro colonization and
requires various factors for survival and macrometastasis.
5. (a) Tumor promotion stimulates outgrowth of the genetically damaged neoplastic cells and is
often attributed to chronic _inflammation_______________, whereas the heterotypic interactions
encountered following invasion across the basement membrane are reminiscent of the ___wound
healing______________ phenomenon.
6. (c) The blood vessels supplying blood to the tumour cells are very leaky and poorly
structured, having many loops and dead ends. This allows tumour growth and progression.
7. (d) Major -histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) bind tightly to the antigen and distinguish it
as self or non self.
8. (e) Vimentin is a mesenchymal biomarker used to assess EMT or MET in malignant tumours.
9. (b) More people are dying of cancer in the modern era because exposure to environmental
carcinogens leading to higher prevalence.
10. (a) MIN have been found in bacterial and yeast mutants with defects in the mis match repair
machinery..
Antibiotics- Tetracycline Erythromycin Medications -that fight bacte.pdf
Antibiotics- Tetracycline Erythromycin Medications -that fight bacterial infections, inhibiting or
stopping bacterial growth
Antimicrobials- Triclosan Biochemicals- that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms
including bacteria and fung
Detergent metabolites- Nonylphenol -Chemical compounds formed when detergents are broken
down by wastewater treatment or environmental degradation
Disinfectants Alcohols, Aldehydes and oxidizing agents A chemical agent used on non-living
surfaces to destroy, neutralize, or inhibit the growth of disease-causing microorganisms
Disinfection by-products Chloroform, Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) Chemical substances
resulting from the interaction of organic matter in water with disinfection agents such as chlorine
Estrogenic compounds Estrone, Estradiol, Nonylphenol, Bisphenol A Natural or synthetic
chemicals that can elicit an estrogenic response
Fire or flame retardants Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) Any of several materials or
coatings that inhibit or resist the spread of fire
Fire or flame retardants Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) Any of several materials or
coatings that inhibit or resist the spread of fire
Insect repellants DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) Chemical substances applied to skin or
other surfaces to discourage insects from coming in contact with the surface
PAHs (poly-aromatic hydrocarbons) Benzo(a)pyrene, Fluoranthene, Naphthalene A large group
of chemical substances usually found in the environment as a result of incomplete burning of
carbon-containing materials like fossil fuels, wood, or garbage
Personal Care Products Para-hydroxybenzoate Chemical substances used in a diverse group of
personal items including toiletries and cosmetics
Pesticides or Insecticides Permethrin, Fenitrothion, Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (B.t.i.)
Chemical substances or microbiological agents that kill, incapacitate or otherwise prevent pests
from causing damage
Pharmaceuticals Fluoxetine (Prozac), Carbamazepine, Diphenhydramine Chemical substances
used in the prevention or treatment of physiological conditions
Plasticizers Dioctyl Phthalate (DOP) Chemical additives that increase the plasticity or fluidity of
a material
Reproductive hormones Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), Progesterone, Estrone, Estradiol A group of
chemical substances, usually steroids, whose purpose is to stimulate certain reproductive
functions
Solvents Ethanol, Kerosene Chemical solutions, other than water, capable of dissolving another
substance.
Steroids Cholesterol, Coprostanol, Estrone, Progesterone A large group of fat-soluble organic
compounds with a characteristic molecular structure, which includes many natural and synthetic
hormones
Surfactants Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Chemical substances that affect the surface of a liquid
Solution
Antibiotics- Tetracycline Erythromycin Medications -that fight bacterial infections, inhibiting or
stopping bacterial growth
Antimicrobials- Triclosan Biochemicals- that kill or inhibit the .
Answer is E all of the boxes.Based on the phylogenetic tree in th.pdf
Answer is E: all of the boxes.
Based on the phylogenetic tree in the given picture, each branch of the tree is connected to with
the other branch at some point. Thus there are similarities between the animals. Thus we can
conclude that all the boxes have radial symmetry.
Solution
Answer is E: all of the boxes.
Based on the phylogenetic tree in the given picture, each branch of the tree is connected to with
the other branch at some point. Thus there are similarities between the animals. Thus we can
conclude that all the boxes have radial symmetry..
Answer Unsystematic RiskUnsystematic risk is a diversifiable risk.pdf
Answer: Unsystematic Risk
Unsystematic risk is a diversifiable risk which can be reduce through diversification.
Portfolio diversification is the process of spreading your investment related risk by mixing a
wide variety of investment within a portfolio with different risk and return factors.
So by portfolio diversification one can eliminate unsystematic risk.
Solution
Answer: Unsystematic Risk
Unsystematic risk is a diversifiable risk which can be reduce through diversification.
Portfolio diversification is the process of spreading your investment related risk by mixing a
wide variety of investment within a portfolio with different risk and return factors.
So by portfolio diversification one can eliminate unsystematic risk..
Answer 14.62 monthsPresent value = 1,287Future value = 6,365.pdf
Answer : 14.62 months
Present value = 1,287
Future value = 6,365
Future value = Present value x FVIFr, n = Present value x ( 1 + r ) n
( 1.1156 ) n = Future value / Present value = 6,365 / 1,287 = 4.94561
n = 14.62 months
Solution
Answer : 14.62 months
Present value = 1,287
Future value = 6,365
Future value = Present value x FVIFr, n = Present value x ( 1 + r ) n
( 1.1156 ) n = Future value / Present value = 6,365 / 1,287 = 4.94561
n = 14.62 months.
A virus is a piece of self-replicating code embedded within another .pdf
A virus is a piece of self-replicating code embedded within another program called the host.
Types of viruses
Brain Virus
Melissa virus
Solution
A virus is a piece of self-replicating code embedded within another program called the host.
Types of viruses
Brain Virus
Melissa virus.
1.Payout ratio is the proportion of earnings paid out as dividends t.pdf
1.Payout ratio is the proportion of earnings paid out as dividends to shareholders, typically
expressed as a percentage. The payout ratio can also be expressed as dividends paid out as a
proportion of cash flow. Payout ratio is calculated as fallows. Payout Ratio = (Dividends per
Share (DPS) / Earnings per Share (EPS)) x 100. As gama precisions has high payout ratio that is
60%,that determine the sustainability of a company’s dividend payments. It is the amount of
dividends paid to shareholders relative to the total net income of a company. As per pecking
order theory Financing comes from three sources, internal funds, debt and new equity.
Companies prioritize their sources of financing, first preferring internal financing, and then debt,
lastly raising equity as a \"last resort\". Hence: internal financing is used first; when that is
depleted, then debt is issued; and when it is no longer sensible to issue any more debt, equity is
issued. This theory maintains that businesses adhere to a hierarchy of financing sources and
prefer internal financing when available, and debt is preferred over equity if external financing is
required (equity would mean issuing shares which meant \'bringing external ownership\' into the
company). Thus, the form of debt a firm chooses can act as a signal of its need for external
finance. Conclusion: as given gamma precisions has high payout ratio it preferred to external
financing 2.debt equity ratio of fatty food is 0.2 while gamma precisions has 0.1 that implies if
Debt is 100, equity is 1000 for gamma precisions and Debt is 200, and equity is 1000 in case of
fatty food this they are financing more by equity rather than debt thus indicate that a company is
not taking advantage of the increased profits that financial leverage may bring.
Solution
1.Payout ratio is the proportion of earnings paid out as dividends to shareholders, typically
expressed as a percentage. The payout ratio can also be expressed as dividends paid out as a
proportion of cash flow. Payout ratio is calculated as fallows. Payout Ratio = (Dividends per
Share (DPS) / Earnings per Share (EPS)) x 100. As gama precisions has high payout ratio that is
60%,that determine the sustainability of a company’s dividend payments. It is the amount of
dividends paid to shareholders relative to the total net income of a company. As per pecking
order theory Financing comes from three sources, internal funds, debt and new equity.
Companies prioritize their sources of financing, first preferring internal financing, and then debt,
lastly raising equity as a \"last resort\". Hence: internal financing is used first; when that is
depleted, then debt is issued; and when it is no longer sensible to issue any more debt, equity is
issued. This theory maintains that businesses adhere to a hierarchy of financing sources and
prefer internal financing when available, and debt is preferred over equity if external financing is
required (equity would mean issuing shares which m.
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Ans 75.1 mm HG It increases as the molecules are less attracted to each other by
intermolecular forces
Solution
Ans 75.1 mm HG It increases as the molecules are less attracted to each other by
intermolecular forces.
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