The document discusses the present perfect tense in English. It explains that the present perfect expresses actions that occurred at an unspecified time before now and have relevance to the present. It is used to talk about experiences, events, or states that began in the past and continue in the present or have results that are visible now. Some key uses of the present perfect include actions that are ongoing or habitual up until now, actions that are recently completed with relevance to now, and actions that occurred multiple times before now.

1. WHAT IS PRESENT PERFECT? IS IT PRESENT? IS IT PAST? NO NO WHAT IS IT, THEN

2. bridge PRESENT PERFECT IS A

3. BEFORE NOW NOW AND

4. BEFORE NOW NOW AND I LIV ED IN LONDON I LIVE IN LONDON I’VE LIVED IN LONDON FOR 10 YEARS

5. PRESENT PERFECT Expresses what has happened at an unspecified time before now . What matters is not when something happened but the result of it.

6. BEFORE NOW NOW Unspecified time before now : EVER and NEVER EVER NEVER Ex: Have you ever been to London? I’ ve never been there

7. She has made a wonderful birthday cake He has just arrived from a holiday We don’t care WHEN she made it. What matters is the result. We can see the result. (He’s still at the airport with his luggage) Result

8. BEFORE NOW NOW She has made a cake He has just arrived Present Perfect

9. SIMPLE PAST OR PRESENT PERFECT ? BEFORE NOW NOW I met John yesterday . Claire moved to Florida three years ago . Lucy was ill last week . Shakespeare wrote lots of plays . NO relation between past and present SIMPLE PAST

10. SIMPLE PAST OR PRESENT PERFECT ? BEFORE NOW NOW I have met John recently . Claire has moved to Florida. Lucy has been ill lately. Shakespeare has written the best plays ever. We don’t know when exactly, any time on the timeline timeline PRESENT PERFECT

11. Actions which begin in the past and continue to the present are expressed by the Present Perfect . I have known him for 10 years He has lived in London since May. How long has Kate worked in Milan? I have had a headache since this morning. How long have you been here? ENGLISH P r e s e n t P e r f e c t

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