light

1. Light: Reflection and Refraction
Grade 10 Physics - Detailed
Presentation

2. Introduction to Light
• Light is a form of energy that enables us to see
objects. It travels in a straight line.

3. Reflection of Light
• Reflection is the bouncing back of light from a
surface. Laws of reflection:
• 1. Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
• 2. Incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie in
the same plane.

4. Types of Reflection
• Regular reflection (smooth surface)
• Diffuse reflection (rough surface).

5. Image Formation by Plane Mirror
• Virtual, erect, same size, and laterally inverted
image formed behind the mirror.

6. Spherical Mirrors
• Concave and Convex mirrors. Principal axis,
pole, focus, radius of curvature, and center of
curvature.

7. Image Formation by Spherical
Mirrors
• Depends on the position of the object. Use ray
diagrams for different positions.

8. Uses of Spherical Mirrors
• Concave: shaving mirror, dentist mirror.
• Convex: rearview mirror.

9. Refraction of Light
• Bending of light when it passes from one
medium to another. Laws of refraction:
• 1. Incident ray, refracted ray, and normal lie in
the same plane.
• 2. Snell’s law: n1sinθ1 = n2sinθ2

10. Refractive Index
• Ratio of speed of light in vacuum to that in the
medium. No unit.

11. Refraction through Glass Slab
• Emergent ray is parallel to incident ray but
laterally displaced.

12. Lenses
• Convex and Concave lenses. Terms: optical
center, principal axis, focus, focal length.

13. Image Formation by Lenses
• Convex lens forms real/inverted or
virtual/upright images depending on object
position.

14. Lens Formula and Magnification
• 1/f = 1/v - 1/u, magnification = h2/h1 = v/u.

15. Experiments
• 1. Image formation using spherical mirrors and
lenses.
• 2. Refraction through glass slab and prism.