This report discusses various sampling procedures and data collection methods crucial for effective research. It outlines types of sampling, such as random, stratified, cluster, and systematic sampling, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it covers data collection techniques, including surveys, observations, interviews, and experiments.

1. SAMPLING
PROCEDURE
D ATA C O L L E C T I O N

2. •SAMPLING PROCEDURES ARE
ESSENTIAL IN RESEARCH TO
GATHER DATA EFFECTIVELY.
THIS REPORT FOCUSES ON
VARIOUS SAMPLING METHODS
AND THEIR ROLE IN DATA
COLLECTION.

3. TYPES OF SAMPLING
PROCEDURES
1. RANDOM SAMPLING
- INVOLVES SELECTING A RANDOM
SAMPLE FROM THE POPULATION.
- ADVANTAGES:
REPRESENTATIVENESS OF THE
SAMPLE.
- DISADVANTAGES: TIME-
CONSUMING AND COSTLY

4. 2. STRATIFIED SAMPLING
- DIVIDES THE POPULATION INTO
SUBGROUPS FOR SAMPLING.
- ADVANTAGES: ENSURES
REPRESENTATION OF ALL
SUBGROUPS.
- DISADVANTAGES: REQUIRES
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE OF
POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS.

5. 3. CLUSTER SAMPLING
- DIVIDES THE POPULATION
INTO CLUSTERS AND
RANDOMLY SELECTS CLUSTERS.
- ADVANTAGES: COST-
EFFECTIVE FOR LARGE
POPULATIONS.
- DISADVANTAGES: POTENTIAL
CLUSTER HOMOGENEITY.

6. 4. SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
- SELECTS EVERY NTH ELEMENT
FROM THE POPULATION.
- ADVANTAGES: SIMPLE AND
EASY TO IMPLEMENT.
- DISADVANTAGES: POTENTIAL
BIAS IF THERE IS A PATTERN IN
THE POPULATION.

7. DATA COLLECTION
METHODS
1. SURVEYS
- UTILIZES QUESTIONNAIRES
TO GATHER DATA FROM
RESPONDENTS.

8. 2. OBSERVATIONS
- INVOLVES DIRECT OBSERVATION
OF SUBJECTS IN THEIR NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT.
- TYPES: PARTICIPANT
OBSERVATION, NON-PARTICIPANT
OBSERVATION.
- EXAMPLES: BEHAVIORAL STUDIES,
ENVIRONMENTAL OBSERVATIONS.

9. 3. INTERVIEWS
- CONDUCTED TO GATHER
IN-DEPTH INFORMATION
FROM PARTICIPANTS.
- TYPES: STRUCTURED
INTERVIEWS, SEMI-
STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS.
- EXAMPLES: JOB INTERVIEWS,
RESEARCH INTERVIEWS.

10. 4. EXPERIMENTS
- CONTROLLED STUDIES TO
TEST HYPOTHESES AND
GATHER DATA.
- TYPES: LABORATORY
EXPERIMENTS, FIELD
EXPERIMENTS.
- EXAMPLES: MEDICAL
TRIALS, PSYCHOLOGY
EXPERIMENT