This document outlines several elements that are often present in music videos including: a relationship between the lyrics/music and visuals where the visuals illustrate, amplify, or contradict the lyrics/music; genre-related style and iconography; multiple close-ups of the main artist or vocalist; and voyeurism, especially regarding females, often playing a major role. Intertextual references to other media texts may also be present.

1. Goodwins Theory Palance JW and Blaze Jordan Mander

2. A relationship between the lyrics and the visuals, with the visuals illustrating, amplifying or contradicting the lyrics.

3. A relationship between the music and the visuals, with the visuals illustrating, amplifying or contradicting the music.

4. Genre-related style and iconography present.

5. Multiple close-ups of the main artist or vocalist.

6. Voyeurism often plays a major part, especially in relation to females.

7. Intertextual references to other media texts may be present.