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Good manure & practices
- 1. Good manure &practices By Assist.Prof. Dr. P. Berciyal Golda VICAS
- 4. Compost • A wayof recycling organic waste into a rich soil amendment that will – Increase organic matter in soil – Add nutrients to the soil – Improve drainage & soil structure – Benefit microbial populations that will help keep plants healthy
- 6. Compost • Safety Concerns –Unfinished compost – Compost that contains manure – Application times – Runoff from compost bins • Make sure your compost is; – Is at least 27 cubic feet (3’x3’x3’) to generate enough heat to destroy pathogens. – Temperatures need to reach at least 131o F for 15 days, during which time materials need to be turned a minimum of 5 times*. This is recommended whether you are using manure in your pile or not. * If time/temperature has not been met or you’re unsure, the recommendation is to apply compost in late fall after harvest period!
- 8. Compost Safe to includein compost heap; – High Carbon • Straw, leaves, shredded newspaper – High Nitrogen • Fruit and vegetable scraps, untreated grass clippings, herbaceous manure* Do not compost! – Carnivorous manure (dog, cat etc) – Treated grass clippings – Invasive or diseased plants – Meat & Dairy products (eggshells are ok) • Turn Pile Frequently To Aerate!
- 10. Compost Herbaceous Manure – :manurethat comes from animals that have a plant-based diet – Goats, chickens, cows etc Compost with Caution – Contains pathogens • Can be removed with thermophilic composting i.e. a pile that heats up to 131 o F for at least 5 days, during which time materials are turned a minimum of 5 times. • Recommended only for experienced composters!
- 11. Fresh Manure Not Recommended! –High in pathogens – Can burn plants if not applied at the right time But, if you must… – Apply fresh manure in the late fall, after harvest period – If using fresh manure just prior to growing season • Spread two weeks before planting • Incorporate into soil-NO side dressing! • NO harvesting until 120 days after application*
- 12. Fresh Manure 2013 Study*Concludes: – Viable salmonella species persisted for 210 days beyond 120 day standard. • People need to be aware of hazards associated with using raw manure to fertilize home gardens. *Jay-Russell and others. 2013. Salmonella oranienburg isolated from horses, wild turkeysand an edible home garden fertilzied with horse manure. Zoonoses and Public Health. Doi 10.111/zph.12043
Editor's Notes
- #5 Research shows that composting can reduce your environmental impact, making it a great step to have in the garden process. By properly managing air, moisture and nutrients, the composting process can transform large quantities of organic material into compost in a relatively short time. There are safety concerns when using compost so let’s take a look at some of them.
- #7 Pathogens can be found in decaying organic matter, especially if manure is in the equation. While the EPA lists animal manure as an acceptable material to compost it is recommended that you take great caution. We will talk more on this in a few slides. Additionally, the location of your compost bin can post a problem. Create barriers or locate your pile in a way that compost leachate or runoff doesn’t flood into your garden. If your compost pile is smaller than this, or, if you do not manage it properly, pathogens can survive. **TRAINER: The recommendation has recently changed. You may have someone question the ‘131o F for 15 days’ because in the past the recommendation was for 3 days. The 3 day rule is intending for ‘static’ composting where air is being forced into the compost pile through a ventilation system. **
- #9 There are many things that can and can’t be added to a compost heap. If not taken seriously you could potentially be adding pathogens to your garden that could end up getting you and your family sick. Manure from carnivorous animals are loaded with pathogens and therefore not recommended for backyard composting. There is even a longer list of materials that should be avoided in the compost process. See compost handouts for more information. Microbes living in your compost pile are critical in creating a finished product therefore compost piles will need to be frequently aerated.
- #11 Regardless of the herbaceous animal, pathogens such as E.coli & salmonella are present in their manure. The best way to know if your compost heap is getting hot enough to kill pathogens is to check the temperature with a compost thermometer. Thermometers are easy to obtain in gardening stores and online. Additionally, organic matter from any of your compost materials, should be fully composted before adding to the garden, or it will compete for the nitrogen in the soil with the plants and their roots.
- #12 While animal manure can provide nutrients, it can also be a source of human pathogens. Fresh manure is not recommended for use because it sustainably increases the risk for a foodborne illness to occur. If you have an abundance of manure consider aging or composting it first before adding to the garden. The National Organic Program states that no harvesting should take place for 120 days from the time fresh manure was applied. But, is 120 days enough? Let’s take a look…
- #13 A 2013 study where salmonella was isolated from manure of horses and wild turkeys was put into a garden and identified well beyond the 120 day recommendation. Other studies have shown the same!