This is the ultimate timing, it is lack of anger. It means to treat your enemy as an honored guest. It also means to abandon your life or throw away fear

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2. Thick Face, Black Heart
The Tokugawa period marks a great change in the social history of Japan. The traditional class consciousness of Japan hardened into a rigid class structure. There were basically four classes of person: samurai, farmers, artisans and merchants.
The samurai were the highest class included the lords, senior government officials, warriors, and minor officials and foot soldiers.
It is interesting because the ranking done by Musashi in the Groundbook is gentlemen, farmers, artisans and merchants.
Musashi belonged to the samurai class and considered to be the elite, but actually had no means of livelihood because he did not owned any land or castle.
Musashi, pursued the ideal of the warrior searching for enlightenment through the path of Kendo.
He had more than sixty contests before he was twenty-nine, and won them all. After his last fight with Kojiro, he devoted himself to the search for perfect understanding by way of Kendo.
If you know too much candy is bad for your child, even she cries for it you just say no and watch her cry.
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GO RIN NO SHO
Kendo, the Way of the sword, had always been synonymous with nobility in Japan
Cut the opponent just as he cuts you.
This is the ultimate timing, it is lack of anger. It means to treat your enemy as an honored guest. It also means to abandon your life or throw away fear.
Timing
Control your emotions
Fear
Appropriate Timing
Control the emotions
Detachment your soul from the fear

3. Thick Face, Black Heart
The pen is mightier than the sword vs. Pen and sword in accord
Westener vs. Japanese
The Way of the Sword means not only fencing training but also living by the code of honor of the samurai elite.
Who realized the resolute acceptance of death at any moment in his everyday life was a master of the sword.
After the founding of the samurai class in the eighth century, the military arts had become the highest form of study, inspired by the teachings of Zen and the feeling of Shinto.
In Zen there are no elaborations, it aims directly at the true nature of things. There are no ceremonies, no teachings, the prize of Zen is essentially personal.
Enlightenment in Zen does not mean a change in behavior, but realization of the nature of ordinary life.
The end point is the beginning, and the great virtue is simplicity.
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GO RIN NO SHO
Rhythm of the life

4. Thick Face, Black Heart
“Ieyasu allotted land in exchange for oaths of allegiance, (He also employed a network of secret police and assassins”
The traditional class culture of Japan was on the wealth that class was owned or accumulated. In the other hand Musoshi’s path through these classes were different and based on creativeness and the wisdom.
The Samurai was the highest class in Japan. Musashi belonged to the samurai class and considered to be the elite, but actually had no wealth. Musashi, pursued the ideal of the warrior searching for enlightenment through the path of Kendo.
Musashi is known to the Japanese as “Kensei”, that is “Sword Saint”.
GO RIN NO SHO is a a guide for men who want to learn strategy, as a guide who always leads. In order to internalize it, it should be read several times...
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GO RIN NO SHO
MUSOSHI’S PATH
In the beginning of the book a brief information is given regarding the Japanese History and the Emperors. Give the examples of how thick face, black heart were these Emperors in order to achieve their goals.
Recall the “Knowing is power”
That shows his Thick Face Black Heart
“Hideyoshi continued the work of unifying Japan which Nobunaga had begun, ruthlessly putting down any traces of insurrection”
Musashi had more than sixty contests before he was twenty-nine, and won them all. After his last fight with Kojiro, he devoted himself to the search for perfect understanding by way of Kendo.
During his life, Musashi was a cruel and headstrong man. But in his last days, he abandon the life comfort with Hosokawa and lived two years alone in a mountain cave deep in contemplation.

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GO RIN NO SHO
Rhythm of the life
In Go Rin No Sho, he explains the true Way which is a combination of the skill and the spirit. Like in Thick Face, Black Heart the inner transformation process can be achieved only with gaining the wisdom and going with the rhythm of the Nature.
In his book Musashi also admits that the he could not explain the strategy and the techniques comprehensively by writing. A person who reads the book should think about it in detail and study hard to understand and apply the techniques.
Musashi became master of arts and crafts and stated that in the path of true Way, a warrior should Study the Ways of all professions in order to gain the wisdom.
Musashi’s inspiration was “humility and hard work”.
Musashi studied various arts in various schools, but when after his enlightenment he pursued his studies he had become separate from traditional guidance.
In Go Rin No Sho Musashi explains the sword tactics of his Niten Ichi School and explaining the philosophy of spiritual awakening.
According to Musashi; when you have attained the Way of strategy there will be not one thing that you cannot understand and you will see the Way in everything.
Recall the “Divine Touch”

6. Musashi explained the Way in 5 books in different aspects. These are Ground, Water, Fire, Wind and Void. Spiritual awakening through sword close ideas with Buddhism)
The Ground Book: Explains the Way of strategy from the view point of Musashi’s Ichi School. The way of strategy is not just a sword-fencing and it is deeper, it includes the spirit.
Know the smallest things and the biggest things, the shallowest things and the deepest things.
The Water Book: Explains the sword tactics by considering the spirituality. The spirit becomes water and adopts easily to the changing situations. The strategist makes small things into big things.
The principle of the strategy is having one thing, to know ten thousand things
The Fire Book: Explains the fighting methods by assessing different situations and emphasizing importance of making quick decisions in order to forestall. Mentions from the techniques considering the spirit and inner balance of the enemy.
What is big is easy to perceive what is small is difficult to perceive.
The Wind Book: Explains the other (traditional) schools strategy.
It is difficult to know yourself if you do not know others.
The Void Book: The Way of strategy is the Way of nature. Void has no beginning and no end.
Thick Face, Black Heart
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GO RIN NO SHO

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THE GROUND BOOK
A straight road mapped out on the ground. The true Way is beyond the Sword-Fencing.
"Immature strategy is the cause of grief”
There are four Ways in which men pass through life: as gentlemen, farmers, artisans and merchants. Different from the traditional Japan class structure.
farmers: use agricultural instruments, sees springs through to autumns with an eye on the changes of season.
merchants: live by taking profit.
warriors: masters the virtue of his weapons.
artisans: (carpenter- means architect and builder.) proficient in the use of his tools, first good plan and than perform his work
The teacher is as a needle, the disciple is as thread.
The foreman should take into account the abilities and limitations of his men, circulating among them and asking nothing unreasonable. He should know their morale and spirit, and encourage them when necessary.
The Name Ichi Ryu Ni To (One school–Two swords): Students train with the sword and long sword in either hand.
The advantage of using both swords; when you sacrifice your life, you must make fullest use of your weaponry. It is false not to do so, and to die with a weapon yet undrawn.
Is not it true also for the real life?

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THE GROUND BOOK
Everything is difficult at first, but as long as you study hard you will gain power and be stronger.
The Way of the Ichi school is the spirit of winning, whatever the weapon and whatever its size.
When you attain the Way of strategy there will not be one thing you cannot see.
From one thing, know ten thousand.
The principle is "strategy by means of the long sword". Long sword is the basis of the strategy. Bowes, guns, spears and halberds are all warriors' equipment they are certainly part of strategy.
Musashi states that by totaly understanding the strategy, one man can beat ten men. Just as one man can beat ten, so a hundred men can beat a thousand, and a thousand men can beat ten thousand. So, one man is the same as ten thousand.
There is a time and a place for use of weapons. Correct time+correct place= success, carrier
Every weapon has an appropriate situation to use it and every one of them has an advantage over the others for a different place.
Musashi also mentions the gun as having no equal on the battlefield. It is the supreme weapon on the battlefield, until swords clash—then it becomes useless.
One of the virtues of the bow is that you can see the arrows in flight and correct your aim accordingly, whereas gunshot cannot be seen.
You should not have a favorite weapon. To become over-familiar with one weapon is as much a fault as not knowing it sufficiently well Because you become predictable.
There is timing in everything, in the whole life of the warrior, in his thriving and declining, in his harmony and discord.
Timing is the core principle in strategy. You must be able to adapt your strategy to timing with your skill, in that you must know when to attack and when not to attack.

9. THE GROUND BOOK
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Nine principles listed at the end of the Ground Book which can be also adapted to our personal and business life.

10. THE WATER BOOK
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Balance and Flexibility.
The spirit of the Ni Ten Ichi school of strategy is based on water. Sword methods of the Ichi School explained in the Water Book.
The meaning of water in relation to life is flexibility. Water demonstrates natural flexibility as it changes to conform with the boundaries which contain it, seeking the most efficient and productive path.
Ability to change one’s own situation to easily shift between disciplines, methods, and options when presented with new information.
Strategy is different from other things in that if you mistake the Way even a little you will become bewildered and fall into bad ways. Inner wisdom and spirit is needed.
Realize the principle from within your own heart study hard to absorb these things into your body. (Again the transformation from attitude to aptitude)
Do not let your spirit be influenced by your body, or your body influenced by your spirit.
Be neither insufficiently spirited nor over spirited. Do not let the enemy see your spirit.
In strategy your spiritual bearing must not be any different from normal. Both in fighting and in everyday life you should be determined though calm.
With your spirit open and unconstructed, look at things from a high point of view.
Recall Detachment

11. THE WATER BOOK
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Cultivate your wisdom and spirit. Polish your wisdom: learn public justice, distinguish between good and evil, study the Ways of different arts one by one. Recall Musashi’s Principles.
When you cannot be deceived by men you will have realized the wisdom of strategy.
Stance & Gaze, Holding the sword pliable, Ying-Yang foot is important.
Life is a battle. It is necessary to maintain the combat stance in everyday life and to make your everyday stance your combat stance
The gaze should be large and broad. This is the twofold gaze "Perception and Sight".
Perception is strong and sight weak.
In strategy it is important to see distant things as if they were close and to take a distanced view of close things.
Holding the Long Sword
Fixedness means a dead hand. Pliability is a living hand.
Yin-Yang foot: your feet must always move as in normal walking. You should not move one foot preferentially.
Having favor or preference upon something creates weakness...

12. THE WATER BOOK
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The Five approaches & the Five attitudes
The five attitudes are: Upper, Middle, Lower, Right Side, and Left Side The Middle attitude is the heart of the attitudes, other four attitudes follows it.
Although attitude has these five dimensions, the one purpose of all of them is to cut the enemy.
The five attitudes are five classifications of areas for attack on the human body. The strategist will develop the appropriate approach by assessing the spirit of the enemy and time.
Wield the sword strongly and calmly. Be in harmony with the long sword, aware of the timing and the spirit, understand your enemy.
Musashi explains different techniques;
The "Attitude–No-Attitude" Teaching: Existing Attitude—Non-existing Attitude
Attitude in strategy on a larger scale is called "Battle Array".
If you think only of hitting, springing, striking or touching the enemy, you will not be able actually to cut him. More than anything, you must be thinking of carrying your movement through to cutting him. You should focus your goal
To Hit the Enemy "In One Timing"
The timing of hitting before the enemy decides to withdraw, break or hit.
The "Abdomen Timing of Two“ :When the enemy retreats and relaxes, follow up and hit him.

13. THE WATER BOOK
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There are Many Enemies
Observe their attacking order, and go to meet first those who attack first.
Sweep your eyes around broadly, carefully examining the attacking order, and cut left and right alternately with your swords. Waiting is bad. Always quickly reassume your attitudes to both sides, cut the enemies down as they advance, crushing them in the direction from which they attack.
Whatever you do, you must drive the enemy together, as if tying a line of fishes, and when they are seen to be piled up, cut them down strongly without giving them room to move.
Direct Communication
Teach your body strategy.
Smacking Parry
Smacking the enemy's long sword in accordance with his attacking cut, primarily intent on quickly cutting him. Understand the timing of smacking...

14. THE FIRE BOOK
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Fighting is described as a fire.
The training for killing enemies includes many contests; fighting for survival, discovering the meaning of life and death, learning the Way of the sword, Judging the strength of attacks and understanding the Way of the "edge and ridge" of the sword.
You can become a master of strategy by training alone with a sword, so that you can understand the enemy's strategies, his strength and resources, and come to appreciate how to apply strategy to beat ten thousand enemies. Advantages of preparedness
The dependence of location according to the Go Rin No Sho is crucial
Examine your environment
High Ground Strategy
You must look down on the enemy, and take up your attitude on slightly higher places.
Make sure that your rear is unobstructed, and that there is free space on your left, your right side being occupied with your sword attitude. (No obstacle that distract your focus)
Always chase the enemy into bad footholds, obstacles at the side, and so on, using the virtues of the place to establish predominant positions from which to fight.

15. THE FIRE BOOK
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The Three Methods to Forestall the Enemy
Ability to sum up a changing situation instantly.
A great swordsman or other artist will have mastered the ability to forestall the enemy.
The great swordsman is always “before” his environment. This does not mean speed. You cannot beat a good swordsman, because he subconsciously sees the origin of every real action.
Ken No Sen: To set him up, forestall him by attacking. Your spirit must be calm and strong to win in the depths of the enemy.
Tai No Sen: To wait for the initiative, forestall him as he attacks.
Tai Tai No Sen: To accompany him and forestall him.
You can win quickly by taking the lead, it is one of the most important things in strategy
You must make the best of the situation, see through the enemy's spirit so that you grasp his strategy and defeat him
Hold down a pillow: Not allowing the enemy's head to rise. Whatever the enemy tries to bring about in the fight, seeing in advance and suppress it.
Crossing the Ford: Attack the enemy's weak point, and to put yourself in an advantageous position.

16. THE FIRE BOOK
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Techniques regarding the enemy’s spirit;
To Know the Times: Know the enemy's disposition in battle. Recognize the enemy's intentions, strategy, strong and weak points. Attack at the appropriate time with an unsuspected manner.
To Tread Down the Sword: The spirit is to attack quickly while the enemy is still shooting with bows or guns. The spirit is to win by "treading down" as we receive the enemy's attack.
To Know "Collapse”: In large-scale strategy, when the enemy starts to collapse you must pursue him
without letting the chance go. If you fail to take advantage of your enemies' collapse, they may recover.
To Become the Enemy: Think yourself into the enemy's position. if we think of "becoming the enemy", we feel that the whole world is against us and that there is no escape. It may help in the business 
To Release Four Hands: when you and the enemy are contending with the same spirit, and the issue cannot be decided. Abandon this spirit and win through an alternative resource. Don’t give up 
Move the Shade: When you cannot see the enemy's position, indicate that you are about to attack strongly, to discover his resources, then to defeat him with a different method.
To Hold Down a Shadow: When you see the enemy’s attacking spirit. Hold down the enemy's strong intention with a suitable timing, and defeat him by forestalling him with this timing.
To Penetrate the Depths: To destroy the enemy's spirit in its depths, demoralizing him by quickly
changing our spirit.

17. THE FIRE BOOK
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Techniques disturbing the inner balance;
To Pass On: When the enemy is agitated, show of complete calmness, and make the enemy become relaxed and attack strongly and quickly, forestalling him. Many things are said to be passed on 
To Cause Loss of Balance: Making the enemy suprised by unexpecting attack, cause loss of his balance and attackt.
Frighten: Fright often occurs, caused by the unexpected. By shouting, making a small force seem large...
To Soak In: Become one with the enemy, entangled.
To Injure the Corners: If the corners are overthrown, the spirit of the whole body will be overthrown.
To Throw into Confusion: Confuse the enemy by attacking with varied techniques when the chance arises.
The Three Shouts: Before, during and after... At the start of battle , during the fight to get into rhythm & as attact, at the victory.

18. THE FIRE BOOK
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The Body of a Rock: Ten thousand things cannot touch you, you will not be moved
To Mingle: the spirit of advancing and becoming engaged with the enemy, and not withdrawing even one step.
To Crush: To crush the enemy regarding him as being weak.
The Mountain-Sea Change: It is bad to repeat the same thing several times when fighting the enemy. If you once make an attack and fail, there is little chance of success if you use the same approach again. Change your attacking method. 
To Renew: When an entangled sprit arises without changing our circumstance we change our spirit and win through a different technique. Think of the situation in a fresh spirit then win in the new rhythm. 
Rat's Head, Ox's Neck: Whenever we have become preoccupied with small details, we must suddenly change into a large spirit, interchanging large with small.
The Commander Knows the Troops: Using the wisdom of strategy, think of the enemy as your own troops.
To Let Go the Hilt: Winning without a sword or holding the long sword but not winning... go as far as it can possibly go...up to the limits
If the enemy thinks of the mountains, attack like the sea; and if he thinks of the sea, attack like the mountains.

19. THE WIND BOOK
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In the wind book Musashi tells about the other strategies and why he does not like these strategies and why they are wrong.
There are some specialize techniques in the other school like using extra-long swords, shorter long swords and regarding the attitudes, fixing eye and foots.
None of them are true way, all the vices and virtues and rights and wrongs. But Without knowledge of the Ways of other schools, it is difficult to understand the essence of Ichi school.
Other schools do not teach the broader meaning of the strategy.
There is a strategy above sword-fencing: "Some of the world's strategists are concerned only with sword-fencing, and limit their training to flourishing the long sword and carriage of the body."
Using Extra-Long Swords:
What will happens at close quarters or when you armed only with your companion sword?
Relying on the virtue of its length, thinking to defeat the enemy from a distance.
"One inch gives the hand advantage“
shows the inferior strategy of a weak sprit that men should be dependant on the length of their sword, fighting from a distance without the benefit of strategy.
The Strong Long Sword Spirit:
What if the enemy also has a strong army?
"The strongest hand wins“
Do not try to cut strongly and, of course, do not think of cutting weakly. You should only be concerned with killing the enemy.

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Use of the Shorter Long Sword:
What if there are many enemies?
Intention of jumping in and stabbing the enemy at the unguarded moment when he flourishes his sword.
To aim for the enemy's unguarded moment is completely defensive, and undesirable at close quarters with the enemy.
You must chase the enemy around and make him obey your spirit.
Many methods of using the Long Sword:
Cutting down the enemy is the Way of strategy, and there is no need for many refinements of it.
Bear your spirit and body straight, and cause the enemy to twist and bend.
Use of Attitudes:
Attitudes are for situations in which you are not to be moved so you are passive. But in a duel you should be active in order to take the lead and forestall the enemy.
Attitude is the spirit of awaiting an attack and different from the sprit of attacking.
Fixing the eye:
If you fix the eyes on (face, hand, long sword etc.) your spirit can become confused, when your eyes on details you can neglect important things.
Perception and sight are the two methods of seeing. Perception consists of concentrating strongly on the enemy's spirit, observing the condition of the battle field, fixing the gaze strongly, seeing the progress of the fight and the changes of advantage.

21. THE WIND BOOK
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Use of the Feet:
If you go on one strategy when the circumstances does not match what you expect, you will lose...
Jumping foot: jumpy spirit, no real justification...
Springing foot: indecisive...
Treading foot: waiting method...
You must never lose control of your feet. According to the enemy's rhythm, move fast or slowly, adjusting your body not too much and not too little.
Speed:
Speed is not a part of the true Way of strategy... Speed indicates that things are fast or slow according to whether or not they are in rhythm.
A fast, busy spirit is undesirable, the spirit must be calm.
Sometimes depending on the place it may not be possible to act quickly and if you do you lose...
Interior and Surface:
In strategy, we cannot say what is concealed and what is revealed.
When you teach or tell something, it is important to use techniques, language, tools which are easy to understand and simple.
Trustworthy spirit is the key to the true Way of Strategy.
Simply keep your spirit true to realize the virtue of strategy

22. THE VOID BOOK
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By knowing things that exist, you can know that which does not exist.
The book of Void is the true meaning of the Ichi Way of Strategy. You must learn to perceive which you can not understand or comprehend.
Void is nothingness and it is not included in man's knowledge.
What people do not understand is not the true void, it is bewilderment.
In order to realize the true Way, one must follow the way of the warrior and study hard to get the skill and the capability. Also the spirit –heart and mind- and the gaze –perception and sight- must be enhanced.
Buddhism and Zen thougts are the ways of completing inner transformation.
In the void is virtue, and no evil. Wisdom has existence, principle has existence, the Way has existence, spirit is nothingness
Finally you complete your transformation process both mentally and physically. So, now you are in true way, so nothing is wrong, nothing is evil...