Global warming is caused by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trapping heat in the atmosphere. This is leading to more extreme weather like stronger hurricanes, heavier rainfall, and longer/hotter heat waves. Other effects include melting glaciers and rising sea levels, which threaten cities like Miami. Studies also show that climate change has increased the risk of Australian bushfires and warming is happening twice as fast in Canada as the rest of the world, especially in Arctic regions, with many changes now considered irreversible.