2. Objectives:
To define glaucoma
1
To differentiate the classifications of glaucoma
2
3 To diagnose glaucoma
4 To discuss the different treatment for glaucoma
4. Glaucoma
Regardless of the intraocular pressure, it is defined by
characteristic optic neuropathy consistent with:
• Excavation and undermining of the neural and connective
tissue elements of optic disc
• Eventual development of characteristic visual field defects
5. Three factors that determine the Intraocular pressure
• Rate of aqueous humor production
• Resistance of aqueous outflow across
trabecular meshwork – Canal of Schlemm
• Level of episcleral venous pressure
6. Three factors that determine the Intraocular pressure
• Rate of aqueous humor production
• Resistance of aqueous outflow across
trabecular meshwork – Canal of Schlemm
• Level of episcleral venous pressure
11. Not associated with
known ocular or systemic
disorder that cause
increased resistance to
aqueous outflow or angle
closure
Usually bilateral
Primary Glaucoma
Associated with known
ocular or systemic
disorder responsible for
decreased aqueous
outflow
Usually unilateral
Secondary Glaucoma
12. Insert the title of your subtitle Here
Most common
Angle is wide open
Slow blockage of
drainage canal →
GRADUAL increase in
IOP → atrophy of outer
rim of optic nerve →
decrease in peripheral
vision → central vision
loss
Open Angle Glaucoma
Angle is narrow
Lens being pushed up
against iris → drainage
gets blocked → SUDDEN
increase in IOP →
severe eye pain, redness,
BOV, visual halos →
vision loss
Close Angle Glaucoma
15. 1 2
3 4
Measurement of
pressure in the
eyes
Tonometry
Used to visualize
the anterior
chamber angle
Gonioscopy
Using perimetry to
clinical assess the
visual field
Pathological cupping is
caused by an irreversible
decrease in the number of
nerve fibres, glial cells and
blood vessels.
Optic nerve inspection
Visual field testing
16. 1 2
4
Measurement of
pressure in the
eyes
Tonometry
Using perimetry to
clinical assess the
visual field
Pathological cupping is
caused by an irreversible
decrease in the number of
nerve fibres, glial cells and
blood vessels.
Optic nerve inspection
Visual field testing
17. 1 2
3
Measurement of
pressure in the
eyes
Tonometry
Used to visualize
the anterior
chamber angle
Gonioscopy
Using perimetry to
clinical assess the
visual field
Visual field testing
18.
19. 2
3 4
Used to visualize
the anterior
chamber angle
Gonioscopy
Using perimetry to
clinical assess the
visual field
Pathological cupping is
caused by an irreversible
decrease in the number of
nerve fibres, glial cells and
blood vessels.
Optic nerve inspection
Visual field testing
20. 1
3 4
Measurement of
pressure in the
eyes
Tonometry
Used to visualize
the anterior
chamber angle
Gonioscopy
Pathological cupping is
caused by an irreversible
decrease in the number of
nerve fibres, glial cells and
blood vessels.
Optic nerve inspection
Although increase Intraocular pressure is primary risk factor, presence or absence does not have a role in def of this dse
There is a partial or complete blockage of drainage producing increase IOP of >21mmHg progressive optic nerve damage ending to visual loss
average corneal rigidity
(taken as 520 μm for GAT) and the capillary attraction of the
tear meniscus cancel each other out when the flattened area has
the 3.06 mm diameter contact surface of the Goldmann prism,
which is applied to the cornea using the Goldmann tonometer
with a measurable amount of force from which the IOP isdeduced
The angle of the AC cannot be visualized directly through the
intact cornea because light from angle structures undergoes ‘total
internal reflection’ at the anterior surface of the precorneal tear film (Fig. 10.7, top). When light travels from a medium of higher
to one of lower refractive index (such as cornea to air) it will be reflected at the interface between the two unless the angle of incidence
is less than a certain ‘critical angle’ dependent on their refractive index difference (46° for the tear film–air interface).
