The document discusses the anatomy and histology of the liver and pancreas. It provides details on the structures and surfaces of the liver, as well as its blood supply, ligaments, and peritoneal attachments. It also describes the anatomy of the pancreas, including its location, parts, and relationships to surrounding structures. Additionally, it covers the histology of the liver, including the hepatic lobule, acinus and zones, and cells such as hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. It also discusses the histology of the pancreas, ducts, and islets of Langerhans.

1. Chapter 7: Liver & Pancreas
A: Anatomy
1. Which of the following is not true about the
site of the liver:
a. It lies under the diaphragm
b. It lies in the right hypochondrium
c. It lies in the left hypochondrium
d. It lies in the epigastrium
e. None of the above
2. The liver is formed of four surfaces and five
lobes:
a. True
b. False
3. The right and left lobes of the liver are
formed by:
a. The attachment of falciform ligament on
the inferior and posterior surface
b. The attachment of falciform ligament on
the superior and anterior surface
c. Fissure for ligamentum venosum and
ligamentum teres on the posterior and
anterior surfaces
d. Fissure for ligamentum venosum and
ligamentum teres on the posterior and
visceral surfaces
e. A & C
f. B & C
4. The right surface of liver is related to :
a. 7th
to 11th
ribs
b. Diaphragm
c. Base of the right lung
d. Right pleura
e. All of the above
5. From left to right, the posterior surface of the
liver is formed of: Bare area of the liver,
groove for IVC, Caudate lobe, fissure for
ligamentum venosum and oesophageal notch
a. True
b. False
6. Which of the following is not ture about the
bare area of the liver:
a. It’s a triangular area related directly to
the diaphragm
b. Its base is formed by fossa for ligamentum
venosum
c. Its apex is formed by right triangular
ligament
d. Its sides are the two layers of coronary
ligaments
7. The Tuber omental is :
a. Elavated area in the left lobe
b. It lies in the visceral surface right to the
gastric impression
c. It overlies the greater omentum
d. A & B
e. A & C
8. All of the following are peritoneal
connections of the liver EXCEPT:
a. Upper layer of coronary ligament
b. Lower layer of coronary ligament
c. Falciform ligament
d. Left and right triangular ligament
e. Lesser omentum
f. None of the above

2. 9. Ligamentum venosum represents the
obliterated umblical vein in the embryo:
a. True
b. False
10. The ligamentum teres connects the umblicus
with the left branch of portal vein:
a. True
b. False
11. Which of the following areas of the liver is
not covered by peritoneum:
a. Bare areas of the liver
b. Groove for IVC
c. Fissure for ligamentum venosum and
ligamentum teres
d. Porta hepatis
e. All of the above
f. A & B
12. Hepatic segmentation according to vascular
distribution of the liver ( venus drainage of
the hepatic vein), the Caudate and Quadrate
lobes lie in the:
a. Medial part of the left lobe
b. Lateral part of the right lobe
c. Lateral part of the left lobe
d. Medial part of the medial lobe
13. Surface anatomy of the fundus of gall bladder
is:
a. Tip of the 7th
costal cartilage
b. Tip of the 8th
costal cartilage
c. Tip of the 9th
costal cartilage
d. Tip of the 10th
costal cartilage
14. Liver receives blood from:
a. Hepatic arteries
b. Portal vein
c. Hepatic veins
d. All of the above
e. A & B
15. The quadrate lobe is related (postero-
anteriorly) to:
a. Lesser omentum
b. Pyloris
c. 1st
part of duodenum
d. Transverse colon
e. All of the above
f. A & C
16. All of the following structures pass through
porta hepatis EXCEPT:
a. Hepatic duct
b. Hepatic artery
c. Portal vein
d. Hepatic veins
e. Lymphatics
17. The porta hepatis is bounded anteriorly by
Caudate lobe and posteriorly by Quadrate
lobe:
a. True
b. False

3. 18. All of the following are true about the
pancreas except
a. Extends from the concavity of the
duodenum on the right side to the spleen
on the left side
b. It’s head related posterior to transverse
colon
c. Uncinate process lies between abdominal
aorta and superior mesenteric vessels.
d. Supplied by pancreatic branches of spleen
19. All of the following are relations to head
of pancreas except
a. Transverse colon
b. IVC
c. Splenic artery
d. Main bile duct
20. The neck of pancreas is related to ……
anteriorly and ……. Posteriorly
a. Gastro- duodenal junction , portal vein
b. portal vein , Gastro- duodenal junction
c. transverse colon , IVC
d. IVC , transverse colon
21. Anterior surface of pancreas gives
attachment to greater omentum
a. True
b. False
22. ……….. of body of pancreas is related to
stomach and separated from it by lesser sac
a. Inferior surface
b. Anterior surface
c. Posterior surface
d. Inferior border
23. All of the following are relations of
inferior surface of body of pancreas except
a. duodeno-jejunal flexure
b. loops of ileum
c. transverse colon
d. aorta
24. Related to posterior surface of body of
pancreas
a. Aorta
b. Left psoas major
c. Left sympathetic chain
d. All of the following
25. ………. Border of pancreas gives
attachments to greater omentum and transverse
colon
a. Anterior
b. Superior
c. Inferior
d. None of the above
26. The head of pancreas reaches the hilum
of spleen via lieno-renal ligament
a. True
b. False
27. All of the following are true about main
pancreatic duct except
a. It drains the upper part of the head , all
the body and tail of pancreas
b. It runs from the tail to the head
c. It open in the 2nd
part of duodenum above
the ampulla of Vater
d. it unite with common bile duct

4. 28. Superior, inferior pancreatico-duodenal
arteries supply all of pancreas
a. True
b. False
29. Lower part of head of pancreas drains in
a. coeliac lymph nodes.
b. pancreatico-splenic lymph nodes.
c. superior mesenteric lymph
d. all of the above
30. Concerning 1st
part duodenum ,all true
except:
a. At the level of L2
b. Related anteriorly to quadrate lobe of the
liver
c. Related inferiorly to the head of pancreas
d. Is 2 inches
31. Anterior relation of the 1st
part
duodenum:
a. Epiploic foramen
b. Transverse colon
c. Neck of the gall bladder
d. A & C
32. All of the following are posterior relation
to 3rd
part duodenum except:
a. Right psoas major
b. Aorta
c. Right ureter
d. Left sympathetic trunk
33. All of the following are posterior relations
to 1st
part duodenum,except:
a. Portal vein
b. Bile duct
c. Hepatic artery
d. Gastroduodenal artery
34. Inferior mesenteric artery is a posterior
relation to:
a. 1st
+2nd
parts of duodenum
b. 3rd
+4th
parts of duodenum
c. 1st
+4th
parts of duodenum
d. None of the above
35. Concerning 3rd
part duodenum,the false
statement is:
a. Related anteriorly to root of
mesentry
b. Related posteriorly to left psoas
major
c. Related superiorly to head of
pancreas
d. Related inferiorly to loops of small
intestine
36. Right gastroepiploic artery is a branch of:
a. splenic artery
b. left gastric artery
c. hepatic artery
d. none of the above
37. All of the following are branches of the
hepatic artery ,except:
a. Right gastric
b. Left gastroepiploic
c. Gastroduodenal
d. B & C

5. Answers
1. E
2. B
3. F
4. E
5. B
6. B
7. D
8. F
9. B
10. A
11. E
12. A
13. C
14. E
15. E
16. D
17. B
18. b
19. c
20. a
21. b
22. b
23. d
24. d
25. a
26. b
27. c
28. b
29. c
30. a
31. c
32. d
33. c
34. b
35. b
36. c
37. b
Essay:
1. Enumerate surfaces and lobes of the liver
2. Describe the relations of the anterior, superior and right surfaces of the liver
3. Describe the triangular bare area of the liver
4. Describe the posterior and inferior surfaces of the liver
5. List the different fissures and impressions and their sites on the liver
6. Give an account on the lobe located on the visceral surface of the liver
7. Give an account on the porta hepatis
8. Name the arterial supply and venous drainage of the liver
9. Name the peritoneal connections and embryonic remnants of the liver and give their attachments
10. Name the bare areas of liver
11. Describe the surface anatomy of the liver
12. Give an account on the ampulla of vater:
 Formation
 Drainage
13. Give an account on the gall bladder and its arterial supply
14. Give the site and the parts of the pancreas
15. Mention the relations of the head of pancreas
16. Give the relations of the neck of pancreas and the uncinate process
17. List the relations of the anterior and inferior surface of the body of pancreas
18. Enumerate the relations of the posterior surface of the body of pancreas
19. Give an account on the pancreatic borders
20. Give an account on the tail of pancreas
21. Give an account on the ducts of pancreas
22. Describe the blood supply of pancreas
23. Give the lymphatic drainage of pancreas

6. B: Histology
1. The hepatic cords are separted from each
other by
a. Bile canaliculi
b. Blood sinusoids
c. Lymphocyte
d. Reticular fibers network
2. Hepatocytes are arranged in the form of
a. Anastomosing cell plates
b. Perpendicular to the surface
c. Parallel to the surface
d. None of the above
3. Cytoplasm of the hepatocyte are vaculoted
due to
a. Abundant mitochondria
b. Multiple golgicomlex
c. Abundant glycogen granules
d. All of the above
4. The function of the free ribosomes in the
hepatocyte are
a. Energy requirement
b. Synthesis of the plasma protein
c. Synthesis of intrinsic protein
d. Secretory activity formed by the cell
5. Which of the hepatocyte oragenlles are
responsible for detoxification of drugs
a. Mitochondria
b. Nucleus
c. Ribosomes
d. rER
6. The hepatic blood sinusoids are differ from
the typical in
a. Short diameter
b. Their linning cell
c. Abdundant content of the basal lamina
d. All of the above
7. Which of the following don't characterize
kupffer cells
a. Metabolized aged RBC's
b. Perforated by holes
c. Has an oval nuclei
d. None of the above
8. Space of disse have the following functions
except
a. Reticular fibers
b. Microvilli
c. Lipocyte
d. Endothelial cells
9. Space of disse have the following functions
except
a. Support the wall of sinusoids
b. Vit.A metabolism
c. Aged RBC's metabolism
d. In chronic inflammation they cause liver
fibrosis
10. Cells linning gering's canals have the
following functions except
a. replace damaged hepatocyte
b. differentiate to hepatic parenchyma
c. support the wall of parenchyma
d. transport bile pigment

7. 11. The hepatic stroma continuously form and
secrete bile that is poured into the bile
canaliculi
a. True
b. False
12. The bile canaliculi form a complex
anastomosing network of channels that are
confluent with larger bile ductules called
a. Portal canals
b. Common bile duct
c. Hering’s canal
d. Left hepatic duct
13. The cells lining ……. is said to be able to
differentiate and migrate to hepatic
parenchyma to replaced hepatocytes
a. Portal canals
b. Common bile duct
c. Hering’s canal
d. Left hepatic duct
14. The hepatic duct after receiving the cyctic
duct emerging from the gall bladder
continues as the
a. Portal canals
b. Common bile duct
c. Hering’s canal
d. Left hepatic duct
15. There are 3 conflicting classification in the
structural organization of the liver
a. True
b. False
16. All of the following are true about the
classical hepatic lobule except
a. A polygonal mass of liver cells
arranged radially around central vein
b. Blood and bile flow in opposite
directions
c. Each lobule drains its bile into the
centrally located bile duct
d. At the corners there are small
triangular area called portal tract
17. ……… is a triangular mass of liver cells from
three adjacent hepatic lobules
a. Liver acinus
b. classical heptic lobule
c. portal lobule
d. portal tract
18. As regard portal lobule of liver, it has at its
center ……. And at each of its angles …….
a. Portal tract , Central vein
b. Central vein , Portal tract
c. Central vein , hepatic artery
d. Central vein , bile duct
19. ……… is the functional unit of the liver , it is
a diamond shaped mass of the liver
a. Liver acinus
b. Classical heptic lobule
c. Portal lobule
d. Portal tract
20. All of the following are true about zone I in
hepatic acinus except
a. Closest to the blood vessels
b. Highly charged with metabolites
c. Excellent content of nutrients
d. Excellent content of oxygen

8. 21. As regard to liver , it receive only large amont
of well oxygenated blood from the general
circulation as its blood supply
a. True
b. False
22. As regard to liver, the portal vein system
begins with …… and ends in …..
a. Hepatic vein , IVC
b. Hepatic sinusoids , IVC
c. Portal vein , IVC
d. Central vein , hepatic vein
23. The liver is considered as exocrine and
endocrine gland
a. True
b. False
24. All of the following are functions of liver
except
a. Protein synthesis
b. Gluconeogenesis
c. Degradation of urea
d. Bile synthesis
25. All of the following are true about the gall
bladder except
a. Pear shaped hollow organ
b. Attached to lower surface of liver
c. Has a thick layer of regularly
arranged smooth muscle
d. Store and concentrate bile
Answers
1. b
2. a
3. c
4. c
5. d
6. b
7. b
8. d
9. c
10. c
11. b
12. c
13. c
14. b
15. b
16. c
17. c
18. a
19. a
20. b
21. b
22. c
23. a
24. c
25. c
Essay
Identify the organ, enumerate the labels (2) & (3) then discuss the cells
lining structure (1).
1- Identify the space of Disse & mention its contents.
2- Describe the hepatocyte as seen by LM & EM.

9. 3- Enumerate the pointed structures in the intercellular
side of the liver cells.
4- Label the following diagram then discuss a different
classification of liver lobulation.
5- Describe the histological features of the biliary tree.
6- Identify the organ, describe the histology of structure 1 then
label structure 2.
7- Describe the pancreatic duct system.
8- Identify the gland then compare it to another one of the
same type of acini.
9- Discuss the EM picture of the cells lining pancreatic acini.
10- Discuss el LM & EM of the hepatocyte. Correlate the
structure to the function.
11- Compare between the different surfaces of the
hepatocyte.
12- “The liver sinusoids differ from the typical ones”.
Discuss
13- Discuss the internal vasculature of the liver
14- Discuss the histology of the gall bladder