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Giardia lamblia.pptx
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- 2. Parasites of SmallIntestine Cystoda of Small Intestine: • Diphylobothrium latum • Taenia saginata • Taenia solium • Hymenolepis nana • Hymenolepis diminuta • Dipylidium caninum Trematoda of Small Intestine: • Heterophyes heterophyes Nematoda of Small Intestine: • Ascaris lumbricoides • Ancylostoma duodenale • Strongyloides stercolaris • Capillaria philippinensis • Trichostrongylus colubriformis • Trichinella spiralis Protozoa of Small Intestine: • Giardia lamblia • Cryptosporidium • Isospora belli • Cyclospora cayetanensis • Intestinal Microsporidia
- 3. Classification of Protozoaaccording to their effect on the body of the patient • Pathogenic protozoa: Protozoa that exist in human body and cause harm to infected human. • Commensal protozoa: Protozoa that exist human body but does not cause harm to infected human. • Opportunistic protozoa: weak protozoa that cause minimal effect to infected healthy man but has severe effect on infected immunocompromized man. • Potentially pathogenic free-living protozoa: free-living in nature away from man but some of them may cause disease if they enter the human body by certain route.
- 4. Intestinal Protozoa Entamoeba histolytica Balantidiumcoli Giardia lamblia Cryptosporidium parvum Isospora belli Cyclospora cayetanensis Intestinal Microsporidia Pathogenic Opportunistic Large intestine Small intestine
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- 6. By the endof this lecture, you will be able to recognize Giardia lamblia regarding its: Geographical distribution Life cycle Mode of infection Pathogenesis Clinical picture Diagnosis Treatment Epidemiology Prevention and control Objectives
- 7. Giardia lamblia Geographical Distribution:cosmopolitan, warm climate Reservoir host: rodents, rats & beavers Cyst Trophozoite • A flagellate pathogenic intestinal protozoan parasite. • Causes Giardiasis • More common in children.
- 8. Giardia lamblia LifeCycle Ingestion of Giardia lamblia cyst: 1- In contaminated food or water 2- Through flies & food handlers 3- Faeco-oral route (hand to mouth) External Autoinfection Mode of infection Infected Man Giardia cyst Definitive host Infective stages Giardia Cyst & Trophozoite Diagnostic stages Duodenum, upper part of small intestine, bile ducts and gall bladder Habitat Longitudinal Binary fission
- 9. Pathogenesis & ClinicalPicture Trophozooites feed on mucus secretions • Epigastric pain, anorexia, nausea and vomiting • Digestive disturbances: diarrhea, flatulence • Stool is voluminous, foul smelling, light in color and greasy, no blood • Traveler's diarrhea I) Uncomplicated symptomatic giardiasis: • Attachment of trophozoites to the epithelial cells of duodenal and jejunal villi by their ventral suckers hyperaemia and inflammation I) Asymptomatic Duodenitis & jejunitis and atrophy of villi • Interference with fat metabolism malabsorption steatorrhea
- 10. Pathogenesis and ClinicalPicture III) Complicated chronic giardiasis: In immunocompromised patients as hypogammaglubinaemia, decreased IgA in small intestine, decreased gastric acidity or achlorohydia Severe manifestations Persistent diarrhea, steatorrhea, Fatty dyspepsia hypoproteinaemia, deficiency of fat soluble vitamins (vit. A, D, E, K), folic acid Chronic malabsorption syndrome Stunted growth Cholangitis, cholecystitis jaundice Biliary colic
- 11. Pathogenesis and ClinicalPicture Attachment of trophozoites by their ventral suckers
- 12. Diagnosis Clinically Laboratory Direct stool examination: •Trophozoites are detected in diarrhoeic stool • Cysts are detected in formed stool Repeated stool examination is recommended Serological tests: • Copro-antegin detection • Antibodies detection is of limited value
- 13. Diagnosis (cont.) 3- stringtest (enterotest) For detection of giardia trophozoites in duodenal fluid using microscope
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