This document discusses various conditions that can be seen during endoscopy exams, including gastric and duodenal ulcers with characteristics like a clean base, flat pigmented spots, or an adherent clot. It also mentions gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE), also known as watermelon stomach, and the most advanced type of gastric cancer where the stomach does not inflate well and has thickened folds during the exam. Diagnosis for the most advanced gastric cancer is only possible through biopsy.