GeoJSON is a format for encoding geographic data structures, including various geometry types such as points, lines, and polygons. It consists of geoJSON objects that represent features or feature collections, containing members like 'type,' 'geometry,' and 'properties.' Additionally, it supports bounding boxes to provide spatial context for geographic datasets.

1. GeoJSON
• GeoJSON is a data format for encoding a variety of geographic data structures
• GeoJSON data structure represents a geometry, a feature, or a collection of features
• GeoJSON supports the seven Geometry types/objects:
1. Point
2. LineString
3. Polygon
4. MultiPoint
5. MultiLineString
6. MultiPolygon
7. GeometryCollection
• Any implementations must not change the semantics of GeoJSON members and types
• GeoJSON feature (Feature) object contains a Geometry object and additional
properties
• GeoJSON feature collection (FeatureCollection) object represents a list of Feature
objects

2. GeoJSON
• GeoJSON’s data structure is represented as a JSON object
• GeoJSON object is a JSON object
• GeoJSON object represents a Geometry, Feature, or collection of Features
• GeoJSON object is a collection of name/value pairs, called as members
• In a GeoJSON object, name is always a string
• In a GeoJSON object, value can be string, number, object, array, boolean, or
null
• If a GeoJSON object has a member with the name "type", then the value of the
member must be one of the GeoJSON types
• If a GeoJSON object may have a "bbox" member, then the value of the
member must be a bounding box array

3. Geometry Object
• Geometry object represents points, curves, and surfaces
in coordinate space
• Every Geometry object is a GeoJSON object
• The value of a Geometry object’s "type" member must be
one of the seven Geometry types
• The value of Geometry object’s "coordinates" member is an
array
• The GeoJSON "coordinates" and "geometries" members
define Geometry objects

4. Feature Object
• Feature object represents a spatially bounded thing.
• A GeoJSON object with the type "Feature" is a Feature object
• Every Feature object is a GeoJSON object
• Feature object has a "type" member with a value of "Feature"
• If a Feature object has a member with the name "geometry", then the value of the
geometry member must be a Geometry object or JSON null value (unknown location/
Feature)
• If a Feature object has a member with the name "properties", then the value of the
properties member is an object (any JSON object or JSON null value)
• If a Feature has a commonly used identifier, then it should be included as a member of the
Feature object with the name "id" and the value must be either a JSON string or number
• The GeoJSON "geometry" and "properties" members define a Feature object

5. FeaturesCollection Object
• A GeoJSON object with the type
"FeatureCollection" is a FeatureCollection object.
• A FeatureCollection object has a member with the
name "features" and the value of the "features"
member must be a JSON array, where each array
element of the array is a Feature object
• The GeoJSON "features" member defines a
FeatureCollection object

6. Bounding Box
• Bounding Box also known as the
Minimum Bounding Rectangle (MBR)
or Envelope
• Bounding Box is a Rectangle, oriented
to the x and y axes, which bounds a
geographic feature or a geographic
dataset
• Bounding Box is specified by two
coordinates: xmin, ymin and xmax,
ymax
• GeoJSON object may have a member
named "bbox" to include information
on the coordinate range for its
Geometries, Features and
FeatureCollections.

7. Resources
• GeoJSON website
• GeoJSON specification
• JSON specification
• Internet JSON specification
• OpenGIS Simple Features Implementation Specification for SQL
• Unlocking the Mysteries of Bounding Box by Douglas R. Caldwell
• Uniform Resource Identifier for Geographic Locations
• World Geodetic System 1984
• NIMA Technical Report TR8350.2, "Department of Defense World Geodetic System 1984, Its
Definition and Relationships With Local Geodetic Systems", Third Edition, 4 July 1997
• Open Geospacial Consortium