3. DEFINITION :
The products which genetic material
(DNA) has been modified in a way that does not
occur naturally.
The technology is often called “modern
biotechnology” or “gene technology”, sometimes also
“recombinant DNA technology” or “genetic
engineering”.
By using this technology we can create various types
of organisms, food products, crops and various
drugs.
INTRODUCTION
4. HISTORY
Stanley N. Cohen Herbert Boyer
Genetic engineering based on recombination
was pioneered in 1973 by American
biochemists Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert W.
Boyer.
In 1976 the technology was commercialised,
with the advent of genetically modified
bacteria that produced somatostatin, followed
by insulin in 1978.
In 1983 an antibiotic resistant gene was inserted
into tobacco, leading to the first genetically
engineered plant.
5. TYPES OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED
PRODUCTS
Genetically modified animals are
mainly used for research purposes,
while genetically modified plants are
common in today’s food supply.
GMP
PLANTS
RESISTANT
RESISTANCE
TO CLIMATIC
CONDITIONS
DISESE RESISTANT
CROP ENHANCED
LESS TIME PERIOD
MORE PRODUCTION
OF FOOD
ANIMALS & BACTREIA
RESEARCH /
STUDY MODEL
NEW INVENTIONS
CREATING MODELS
TO STUDY THE
CHARCTERS OF
PARTICULAR SPECIES
COMERCIAL PURPOSE
DRUGS/ VACCINES
FOOD PRODUCTS
6. THE PROCESS OF GENETIC MODIFICATION
MICRO-ORGANISMS
TRANSFORMATION
TRANSDUCTION
CONJUGATION
Transposable elements
10. GENITICAL
MODIFICATION IN
ANIMALS
The key steps involved in
genetic engineering are
• identifying a trait of
interest,
• isolating that trait,
• Inserting that trait into
a desired organism,
and then
• Propagating that
organism.
11. • It helps speed up the process of creating new foods
with desired traits.
•More nutritious food
•Tastier food
•Disease- and drought-resistant plants that require fewer
environmental resources (such as water and fertilizer)
•Less use of pesticides
•Increased supply of food with reduced cost and longer
shelf life
•Faster growing plants and animals
•Food with more desirable traits, such as potatoes that
produce less of a cancer-causing substance when fried
•Medicinal foods that could be used as vaccines or other
medicines
GLOBAL
IMPORTANCE
12.
13.
14. FUTURE SCOPE
•Controversial clinic expects to
develop 30,000 lab-grown babies
yearly
•Developer expects technology will
be used around world within next 10-
15 years
•Parents would be able to watch
growth and development of their
child in see-through womb, while
monitoring health via app
