This document discusses the five generations of computers from the first generation using vacuum tubes to the current fifth generation using artificial intelligence. It provides details on the major technological developments that defined each generation, including the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits and microprocessors. Key examples of computers from each generation are also listed, showing the increasing capabilities and decreasing sizes of computers over time as technology advanced.

1. ASSIGNMENT OF CA-2
NAME: ANKITA DAWESHAR
DEPARTMENT: BSC (DATA SCIENCE)
ROLL NO: 32254322005
REGISTRATION NO. : 223222410004
SEMESTER: 1ST
YEAR : 1ST
PAPER NAME: FOUNDATION OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
PAPER CODE: BSCDA104
TOPIC: GENERATION OF COMPUTER HARDAWARE

2. GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
The history of computer development Is often
referred in to reference to the different generation
of computer devices. Each of the five generations of
computers is characterized by a major technological
development that fundamentally change the way
computer operate, resulting in increasingly
smaller, cheaper, more powerful and more efficient
and reliable computing devices.

3. As the early as the seventh century
mathematicians were trying to create a machine
that can perform basic mathematical such as
addition, subtraction, division and multiplication.
1804 British inventor, Charles Babbage, designed
an all purpose problem solving machine, the
difference engine, which had a mechanical memory
to store the results of calculations.

4. FIRST GENERATION : VACUUM TUBES
•The First generation computers were invented by J.P.Eckert
and J.W.Mauchy.
•The First Computer system used vacuum tubes for circuitry
and magnetic drums for main memory.
•Input was based on punched cards and paper tapes and
output were displayed on printout.
•These computers were often enormous , taking up entire
room.

5. •The period of first generation were 1946-1959
Some of the computer of this generation are:
•UNIVAC
•ENIAC
•EDVAC

6. SECOND GENERATION: TRANSISTOR
• The second generation were invented by Walter H.
Brattain (1902-1987), John Bardeen(1908-1991) and
William B. Shockley (1910-1989) in 1947 at Bell Labs.
• In this generation transistors were used in place of
vacuum tubes.
• This generation of computers also included hardware
advance like magnetic core memory, magnetic tape, and
the magnetic disk.
• Due to changes in hardware it allow computers to

7. • The period of second generation was 1959-1965.
Some examples of second generation computers are:
• IBM 1620
• CDC 1604
• UNIVAC1108

8. THIRD GENERATION: INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
• The third generation of computers as invented by Jack
Kilby.
• The computers of third generation used integrated circuit
(IC’s) in place of transistors.
• In this generation user can interact through keyboards,
monitors, and interfaces with an operating system, which
allowed the devices to run many different applications at
one time.
• Due to the change of technology and hardware It allow

9. • The period of third generation was 1965-1971.
Some examples of third generation of computers are:
• IBM-360 series
• Honeywell-6000 series
• PDP(Personal Data Processor)

10. FOURTH GENERATION: MICROPROCESSORS
• The fourth generation of computers were released by intel.
• The computers of forth generation uses microprocessor as
thousands of integrated circuit were built silicon chip.
• In this generation computers were also use Very Large Scale
Integrated (VLSI) circuit having about 5000 transitors and
other circuit elements with their associated circuits on a
single chip made it possible to have microcomputer.
• Due to this change the fourth generation of computers
became more powerful, compact, reliable and affordable. As a
result it gave rise to Personal Computer (PC)

11. • The period of fourth generation was 1971-1980.
Some computers of this generation were:
• DEC 10
• STAR 1000
• CRAY-X-MP (Super Computer)

12. FIFTH GENERATION: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
• The fifth generation of computers were invented by
Japan’s Ministry of International Trade and Industry.
• The fifth generation of computers technology is based on
artificial intelligence.
• In the fifth generation, the VLSI technology became
ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) technology,
resulting in the production of microprocessor chips
having ten million electronic components.
• Due to change of technology computers became more

13. • The period of fifth generation is 1980-till date.
Some computer of this generation are:
• Desktop
• Laptop
• Notebook

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