2. ๏ GENE is a sequence
of DNA or RNA that codes for a
functonal molecule
3. ๏ In genetics, gene expression is the most
fundamental level at which the genotype gives
rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait.
The genetic code stored in DNA is
"interpreted" by gene expression, and the
properties of the expression give rise to the
organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are
often expressed by the synthesis of proteins
that control the organism's shape, or that act
as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic
pathways characterising the
organism. Regulation of gene expression is
thus critical to an organism's development
4.
5.
6. ๏ Transcription - Transcription is the
process by which a segment of DNA is
used to generate an RNA template. The
DNA segment is โreadโ by an enzyme
called RNA polymerase, which produces
a strand of RNA that is complimentary to
the DNA.
7. ๏ Processing - This primary RNA
transcript is then modified to convert it
into mature messenger RNA (mRNA)
that can be used in translation.
8. ๏ RNA export - The majority of mature
RNA is then transported from the
nucleus to the cytoplasm. Although
some RNAs function in the nucleus,
most are carried through pores in the
nucleus into the cytosol, including all
RNAs involved in protein synthesis.
9. ๏ Translation - The final mRNA carries the
information needed to code for proteins. Every
three base pairs on the mRNA corresponds to
a binding site for a transfer RNA (tRNA) which
carries an amino acid. The amino acids are
then linked together in a chain by a ribosome
to create a rudimentary protein chain.
๏ Protein folding - The long chain of amino
acids folds to form a three-dimensional
structures using enzymes called chaperones.
This three-dimensional structure is the final,
functional form of the protein.
14. ๏ Homoeopathic remedies carry a specific
signals that can be identified by specific
receptors and can act as a trigger to turn on
and off some relevant genes ,initiating the
cascade of gene actions to alter and correct
the gene expressions that had gone wrong to
produce the disorder/disease condition