Gender mainstreaming aims to assess how planned actions will impact both women and men. It seeks to ensure equal access to resources and decision making at all stages of development. Mainstreaming gender in value chains can help reduce poverty since women tend to spend more on health, education, and savings. It requires identifying gender roles and differential access to resources and control over benefits at macro, meso, and micro levels. A framework uses grids to analyze these levels and identify relevant actors, then maps the value chain while considering gender roles and power dynamics between women and men.

1. TOPIC THREE
• MAINSTREAMING GENDER IN VALUE CHAIN

2. Concepts of gender mainstreaming
 The Mainstream: is the dominant set of ideas, values,
beliefs, attitudes, relationships and practices within society
 It includes all of society's main institutions (families,
schools, government, organizations)
 Which determine who is valued, how resources are
allocated and the opportunities available to men and women
in society.

3. • Gender mainstreaming is the process of assessing the
implications (involvement) for women and men any
planned action, ensuring that they have equal access to and
control over resources, benefits and decision making at all
stages of the development process
• GM includes legislation, policies, budgets, programmes
and projects, in all areas and at all levels

4.  Mainstreaming Gender in the value chain leads to
positive effect on poverty reduction, as women tent to
spend more of their income on health, education services
and better in saving culture.
• Gender mainstreaming encapsulates many of the tensions
and dilemmas in feminist theory and practice over the last
decade and provides a new focus for debates on how to
move them on.

5. Frame work for Mainstreaming Gender in Value
Chain
 The following topics describe the framework and methodology for
mainstreaming gender in Value chain. These are:
i. Gender Empowerment grid
 The gender empowerment grid helps the learner to
identify areas of analysis and corresponding gender
equality objectives and strategies. The issues to be
covered include:
A.Gender roles/equal opportunities/women’s empowerment
B.Gendered differentiation in access to resources/rights
C.Gendered differentiation in control over benefits/leadership
D.Gendered differentiation in influence on enabling
factors/mainstreaming

6. ii. Value Chain Development grid
 The value chain development grid helps learners to
identify areas of facilitation services in value chain
developments. These are:
A. Effective Public Policy Management (EPPM)
B. Market Intelligence (MI)
C. Multi-Stakeholder Processes (MSP)
D. Value Chain Financing (VCF)
E. Group Strengthening (GS)
F. Strengthening Value Chain Service Providers (SSP)

7. III. Macro-meso-micro grid
 The focus of this grid to enable learners identify gender
equality issues that to be identified at different levels.
These are:
 Macro level: cultural, policy and regulatory environment
 Meso level: delivering pro-poor development services
 Micro level: outreach and impacts at household level

8. Steps of mainstreaming gender in value chain
development
 By using the above Grids as framework, this topic covers the three
Gender Mainstreaming steps of value chain developments.
 These are gender sensitive analysis and strategic planning;
implementation and gender sensitive monitoring and evaluation.
Step one: Gender Sensitive Analysis
 Gender-based analysis focuses on understanding the
difference in gender (men and women’s) roles, activities,
needs and interests in a given context.

9. Gender sensitive value chain mapping
 This part introduces a gender perspective value
chain analysis in a systematic way.
 The analysis look at gender roles, gender
deferential access to resources and control over
benefits and women’s capacity to influence
institutional factors in order to reach greater
equality at the macro, meso and micro levels.

10.  The map is elaborated in a participative way, with the
stakeholders involved and evidence shared from the
analysis of existing research using:
 Main functions and activities in the chain
 Broad geographical spread
 Main operational categories or stakeholders involved
 Size of each element in terms of number of people involved
disaggregated by sex (where are women and men located in
the chain?)
 Idea of the relative share of value contributed and taken by
actors at that stage
 Idea of where the powerful actors are
 This process should help identify relevant actors,
partners and clients involved in the value chain
development process.

11. Analyzing the chain with a gender perspective
 Analyzing the chain with a gender perspective consists of
facilitating the collection of sex-disaggregated
quantitative and qualitative data at the macro, meso and
micro levels using both a gender and a value chain
development perspective.

12.  The purpose is to identify and facilitate discussions on
gaps, discriminations and key gender issues, keeping in
mind the multiple dimensions on which gender inequalities
and opportunities operate:
 economic, psychological, social, political and at different levels:
individual, household, community, market, institutional national,
international and so on.
 It involves the use of disaggregated, quantitative
and qualitative data by gender and knowledge of
gender theories.

13. Step two: Gender Sensitive Strategic Planning
 After a gender sensitive analysis, strategic planning is
performed in a participative way.
 This consists of formulating gender equality goals and the
intervention logic with expected results at outcome and
impact levels.

14. Step Three: Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation
 These steps are integral part of the project, program and
policy cycles.
 This process also implies the full and equitable
participation of both women and men not only in the
design, but also in implementation and monitoring.

15. Guidelines for integrating a gender perspective in value chain
development
 Mainstreaming gender in value chain development
requires paying constant attention to the gender
perspective at every step, from production to the sharing
of benefits, and not only in relation to products and
services in which women are dominant.
 It is not unusual for women to play a key role in the
production or processing of a product, but for their
contribution to remain unacknowledged because their
work is unpaid.

16.  Men are often the main recipients of capacity building
initiatives and financial support, while the main producers
the women have limited access to such resources.
 Integrating a gender approach into value chain
development should contribute to identifying the proper
support to offer to the different people involved in the
process.
 Here are some considerations for integrating the gender
perspective into value chain development.

17. 1. Carry out gender analysis
 The gender analysis must support the decision-making
processes in terms of which stakeholders to work with, what
kind of support is needed and by whom, and where to invest
to ensure equitable access to and share of benefits.
2. Select products and services in which women are involved
 Taking into account the feminization of the rural economy
in some mountain areas,
 it is important to select products about which women have
knowledge and skills or products that women would like to
be more involved with in order to address poverty.

18. 3. Integrate gender while mapping all steps of the value chain
 Due to traditional gender roles, men and women usually
perform different activities in the value chain.
 In general, women are involved in the collection and
production of the primary products, often in their own
locality with no or limited monetary gain.
 Men are usually more involved in activities that are linked
with monetary transactions such as the processing and
trading of products in distant locations.

19. 4. Ensure appropriate representation of women and men in formal
and informal institutions of value chain development
 The appropriate representation of both women and
men in the decision-making bodies of institutions
working in the value chain is very important.
5. Offer capacity building programmes that address
the needs and interests of both women and men
 Despite the large number of women employed by
enterprises, women normally occupy a subordinate
position within the value chain pyramid in most
enterprises.
 Exposing women to market information about the
goods they produce, developing their skills, and
providing access to equipment and technology for
production and processing

20. 6. Promote technologies for value addition that are
appropriate for women
 The introduction of women friendly technologies can play a key
role in maximizing the benefits to women, without increasing
their work.
7. Support alliances of women producers
 In many cases, a large number of women are involved in
the production of a product, but they sell it separately,
which results in low prices because of the low volume of
supply.
 Through the promotion of alliances, such as
cooperatives, women producers can gather their products
in one place, which gives them collective bargaining
power and enables them to obtain better and fair prices.

21. 8. Build the capacity of support organizations to address
gender issues in value chain development
 Numerous social and cultural factors affect women’s
capacity to be involved in economic activities and to
obtain proper benefits for the work they perform.
 These factors also greatly affect productivity and the
quality of products.
 Therefore, it is important to acknowledge and contribute
to addressing gender issues in order to successfully
support producers.

22. Facilitating gender equitable value chain Development
 Gender issues fundamentally shape the totality of
production, distribution, and consumption within an
economy but have often been overlooked in value chain
development.
• From production to processing to disposal, gendered
patterns of behavior condition men’s and women’s jobs and
tasks, the distribution of resources and benefits derived from
income-generating activities in the chain, and the efficiency
and competitiveness of value chains in the global market.

23. END OF TOPIC THREE
THANKS YOU

24. TOPIC FOUR
POLICY APPROACHES TO GENDER
DEVELOPMENT

25. 1. Women in Development (WID)
 The WID approach was developed in the 1970s with the
objective of designing actions and policies to integrate
women fully into development.
 WID movement aimed for more efficient, effective
development through incorporating women-specific
projects in to existing development processes.
 Adding women’s projects or project components,
increasing women’s income and productivity, and
improving women’s ability to look after the household.

26.  However, the WID approach did not address gender
discrimination, the root cause preventing women’s full
participation in their societies.
 It views women are unused resources who can provide
economic contributions to development.
• Women are treated as beneficiary of development but not
agent of development.
• The approach notices problems of women in terms of
their ‘sex’
• It focuses on practical gender need
• WID approach aiming to address women’s issues, passed
through five different development stages.

27. 2. Gender And Development (GAD)
• The GAD approach was developed in the 1980s with the
objective of removing disparities in social, economic and
political equality between women and men as a pre-
condition for achieving people-centered development.
• It View problem of women with their “gender”
• It believe in focusing only on women is ignoring the real
problem
 GAD starts with satisfaction of PGNs, yet at the same
time it focuses on mobilization of community which is
needed to overcome structural inequalities.
 Recognize differences between both in terms of roles,
responsibilities, opportunities and rewards.

28.  GAD focus on empowerment
 It is a tool for building self-reliance
 It focuses on strategic gender need
 Helps us to plan effective development programs and
projects
 Both have capacity to promote their own development
where proper support and conducive/favorable environment
are provided.
 It seeks to understand the root cause of gender inequality.
 Uses general programs and special support for women
 It encourage the use of participatory approach

30. Women and Development(WAD)
Assume women were not a neglected resource but
overburdened and undervalued & on unequal term.
women are already integrated into the development
process in an exploitative way.
planners hold imprecise assumptions on women's
neglect of women's real needs& over-exploitation
Women’s substantial contribution to development needs
to be recognized
encourage redistribution of its benefits and burdens
between men and women
The WAD approach also demanded “affirmative action”

31. END OF THE COURSE
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION