GEM is an international consortium that conducts the largest study of entrepreneurship worldwide. It aims to measure entrepreneurial activity levels across countries, identify factors influencing these levels, and uncover policies that can enhance entrepreneurship. GEM classifies economies as factor-driven, efficiency-driven, or innovation-driven based on their level of development and entrepreneurship characteristics. Factor-driven economies have high rates of necessity-based entrepreneurship for survival. Efficiency-driven economies transition from necessity to opportunity-driven entrepreneurship as industrial sectors develop. Innovation-driven economies strongly support opportunity-seeking entrepreneurship to drive growth. GEM data comes from Adult Population Surveys and National Expert Surveys to establish standardized national and global entrepreneurship indicators