2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
This presentation was designed to provide strategic recommendations for a brand in decline. The deck also incorporates a situational assessment, including a brand identity, positioning, architecture, and portfolio strategy for the Brand.
Presentation originally created for NYU Stern's Brand Strategy course. Design by Erica Santiago & Chris Alexander.
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellSaba Software
According to the latest State of the American Manager report from Gallup, employees who have regular meetings with their managers are almost three times as likely to be engaged as those who don’t. These regular check-ins keep managers and employees in sync and aligned. Want to see better manager/employee relationships in your organisation? Then make an all-in commitment to 1:1 meetings. Not sure how? You’ve come to the right place.
In this webinar with Jamie Resker, Founder and Practice Leader for Employee Performance Solutions (EPS), and Teala Wilson, Talent Management Consultant at Saba Software, you’ll get the inside track on how to hold effective 1:1 meetings, including tips for getting managers on board.
• Go beyond discussing the status of everyday work to higher level topics, including recognition, performance, development, and career aspirations
• Learn how to decide meeting frequency, what to cover, as well as roles and responsibilities of the manager and employee
• Understand how managers can build trust and make it comfortable for employees to provide upward feedback
• Unite your organisation with a unified approach to 1:1 meetings
Join us for this 1-hour webinar to get practical tips for building better manager-employee relationships with intention and purpose.
About the Speakers
Jamie Resker - Founder and Practice Leader for Employee Performance Solutions (EPS)
Jamie Resker, Practice Leader and Founder of Employee Performance Solutions, is a recognized innovator in performance management. She is the originator of the-the Performance Continuum Feedback Method® and Conversations to Optimize Employee Performance training program; tools and training that reshape communications between managers and employees to drive and align performance. Jamie is on the faculty for the Northeast Human Resources Association, is a contributor to Halogen Software's Talent Space Blog, and is an editorial advisory board member for HR Examiner.
Teala Wilson - Senior Consultant, Strategic Services, Saba Software
Teala is a Talent Management Consultant at Halogen Software, now a part of Saba Software. She has worked with teams on a national and global level supporting human resources in areas such as performance management, recruitment, employee benefit programs, training and talent development, workforce planning and internal communications. Teala also has a personal passion for visual arts and design.
Want to learn more? Join us for an upcoming Product Tour!
http://bit.ly/2yitfqu
This video by Simplilearn will explain to you Introduction to C Programming Language. Introduction to C Programming Language Tutorial For Beginners will explain to you the C language's history, C's importance, its features, real-world applications, and some of its advantages and disadvantages.
00:00 Introduction to C
1:42-History of C language
Dennis Ritchie, a computer scientist, could identify the gaps and tap out the best features from both B and BCPL languages to invent a new hybrid.
Hence, C was born in 1972 at Bell Laboratories. A remarkably simple and highly readable programming language resulted in groundbreaking advancements in the IT industry.
2:48-Importance and unraveling the powerful capabilities of C,
The widespread use of C started to take over the IT industry. Unraveling the potential of C, the designers began to discover new possibilities that led them to focus on the big picture.
3:56-C's cutting-edge features
The designers at Bell Laboratories ensured that their programming language solved the issues with B and BCPL and the ones they had foreseen.
6:35-The popular real-world applications of C
-UNIX operating system
-google file system
-Mozilla
-Graphical user interface
8:30-The advantages and disadvantages of C
10:34-The popular IT companies and their domains that employ C
· MasterCard
· IBM
· Flipkart
· Dell
· Twitter
· GitHub and twitch
11:09-First c program.
🔥 Explore our FREE courses with completion certificates: https://www.simplilearn.com/skillup-f...
✅Subscribe to our Channel to learn more about the top Technologies: https://bit.ly/2VT4WtH
⏩ Check out the C++ Programming training videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...
#IntroductiontoCProgrammingLanguage #CLanguage #CProgramming #CProgram #CProgrammingLanguage #LearnCProgramming #HowToCodeInCForBeginners #CTutorialForBeginners #LearnCProgramming #Simplilearn
Dennis Ritchie, a computer scientist, was able to identify the gaps and tap out the best features from both B and BCPL languages to invent a new hybrid.
Hence, C was born in 1972 at Bell Laboratories. A remarkably simple and highly readable programming language resulted in groundbreaking advancements in the IT industry.
✅What is C++ Programming?
C++ is an enhanced and extended version of C programming language, developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 as part of his Ph.D. project. Bjarne developed what he called ‘C with Classes’ (later renamed C++) because he felt limited by the existing programming languages that were not ideal for large scale projects. He used C to build what he wanted because C was already a general-purpose language that was efficient and fast in its operations.
✅C++ Career Prospects:
With just C++ programming expertise, you will have excellent job opportunities, salaries, and career prospects. However, for a career based on programming languages such as Java and Python (which are in more demand than C++) or for careers based on front-end, back-end, and full-stack
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
This presentation was designed to provide strategic recommendations for a brand in decline. The deck also incorporates a situational assessment, including a brand identity, positioning, architecture, and portfolio strategy for the Brand.
Presentation originally created for NYU Stern's Brand Strategy course. Design by Erica Santiago & Chris Alexander.
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellSaba Software
According to the latest State of the American Manager report from Gallup, employees who have regular meetings with their managers are almost three times as likely to be engaged as those who don’t. These regular check-ins keep managers and employees in sync and aligned. Want to see better manager/employee relationships in your organisation? Then make an all-in commitment to 1:1 meetings. Not sure how? You’ve come to the right place.
In this webinar with Jamie Resker, Founder and Practice Leader for Employee Performance Solutions (EPS), and Teala Wilson, Talent Management Consultant at Saba Software, you’ll get the inside track on how to hold effective 1:1 meetings, including tips for getting managers on board.
• Go beyond discussing the status of everyday work to higher level topics, including recognition, performance, development, and career aspirations
• Learn how to decide meeting frequency, what to cover, as well as roles and responsibilities of the manager and employee
• Understand how managers can build trust and make it comfortable for employees to provide upward feedback
• Unite your organisation with a unified approach to 1:1 meetings
Join us for this 1-hour webinar to get practical tips for building better manager-employee relationships with intention and purpose.
About the Speakers
Jamie Resker - Founder and Practice Leader for Employee Performance Solutions (EPS)
Jamie Resker, Practice Leader and Founder of Employee Performance Solutions, is a recognized innovator in performance management. She is the originator of the-the Performance Continuum Feedback Method® and Conversations to Optimize Employee Performance training program; tools and training that reshape communications between managers and employees to drive and align performance. Jamie is on the faculty for the Northeast Human Resources Association, is a contributor to Halogen Software's Talent Space Blog, and is an editorial advisory board member for HR Examiner.
Teala Wilson - Senior Consultant, Strategic Services, Saba Software
Teala is a Talent Management Consultant at Halogen Software, now a part of Saba Software. She has worked with teams on a national and global level supporting human resources in areas such as performance management, recruitment, employee benefit programs, training and talent development, workforce planning and internal communications. Teala also has a personal passion for visual arts and design.
Want to learn more? Join us for an upcoming Product Tour!
http://bit.ly/2yitfqu
This video by Simplilearn will explain to you Introduction to C Programming Language. Introduction to C Programming Language Tutorial For Beginners will explain to you the C language's history, C's importance, its features, real-world applications, and some of its advantages and disadvantages.
00:00 Introduction to C
1:42-History of C language
Dennis Ritchie, a computer scientist, could identify the gaps and tap out the best features from both B and BCPL languages to invent a new hybrid.
Hence, C was born in 1972 at Bell Laboratories. A remarkably simple and highly readable programming language resulted in groundbreaking advancements in the IT industry.
2:48-Importance and unraveling the powerful capabilities of C,
The widespread use of C started to take over the IT industry. Unraveling the potential of C, the designers began to discover new possibilities that led them to focus on the big picture.
3:56-C's cutting-edge features
The designers at Bell Laboratories ensured that their programming language solved the issues with B and BCPL and the ones they had foreseen.
6:35-The popular real-world applications of C
-UNIX operating system
-google file system
-Mozilla
-Graphical user interface
8:30-The advantages and disadvantages of C
10:34-The popular IT companies and their domains that employ C
· MasterCard
· IBM
· Flipkart
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11:09-First c program.
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Dennis Ritchie, a computer scientist, was able to identify the gaps and tap out the best features from both B and BCPL languages to invent a new hybrid.
Hence, C was born in 1972 at Bell Laboratories. A remarkably simple and highly readable programming language resulted in groundbreaking advancements in the IT industry.
✅What is C++ Programming?
C++ is an enhanced and extended version of C programming language, developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 as part of his Ph.D. project. Bjarne developed what he called ‘C with Classes’ (later renamed C++) because he felt limited by the existing programming languages that were not ideal for large scale projects. He used C to build what he wanted because C was already a general-purpose language that was efficient and fast in its operations.
✅C++ Career Prospects:
With just C++ programming expertise, you will have excellent job opportunities, salaries, and career prospects. However, for a career based on programming languages such as Java and Python (which are in more demand than C++) or for careers based on front-end, back-end, and full-stack
2. หหหหหหห หหหหหหหหหหห (หหห
250
C)
หหหหหหหหหหห
( 0
C )
หหหหหหหห
( 0
C )
หหหหหหห
หหหหหหหห
หหหห
หหหหหห
หหหหหหห
หหหหหหหห
หหหหหหห
หหหหหหห
หหหหหหห
หหหหหหห
หหหห
หหหห
97.8
838
-38.4
-7.2
-269.7
-210
892
1440
357
58
-268.9
-195.8
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห97.8 0
C หหหหหหหหหห892 0
C หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห97.8 0
C หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห97.8 - 892 0
C หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
892 0
C หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหห25 0
C หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห2 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห25 0
C หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห25 0
C หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห250
C หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห25 0
C
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(CH3COOH) หหหหหหหหหห1 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห117.9 0
C หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห16.6 - 117.9 0
C
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห16.6 0
C หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห10 mmHg หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห50 0
C หหหหหหห
กกกกกกกกกกกกก
กกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกก
1.กกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห10 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห10 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
2.หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(Random Motion) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
3.หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
4.หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
5.หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหF2 (หหหหหหหหหหหห) , Cl2 (หหหหหหหหหหหหหห) , Br2 (หหหหห) , I2 (หหหหหหหหห) , NO2
(หหหหหหหหหหหห) , SO2 (หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห) หหหH2S (หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห) หหหหหหห
2
3. 6.หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหH2 หหหหหหหหห22.4 หหหหหหห0 0
C , 1 atm หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหT (หหหหหห) หหหt (หหหหหหหห) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหH2 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห1 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห100 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห1 หหหหหหหหหหห
สสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสส
1.หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(0
C) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห100 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห1 0
C
2.หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(0
F) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห180 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห1 0
F
3.หหหหหหหหหหห(K) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(Absolute Temperature) หหหหหหหหหSI หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห100 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห1
K
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห1 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห3 หหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห= 0 0
C = 273.15K = 32 0
F
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหห= 100 0
C= 373.15 K = 212 0
F
375.15
273.15
0
(K)
100
0
-273.15
212
-32
-459.7
(0C) (0F)
หหหหหห หหหหหหหห หหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหห4.2 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหห3 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
T = 273.15 + t
T = 273.15 + 9
5
( F - 32 )
t = 9
5
( F - 32 )
3
4. หหหหหT = หหหหหหหหหหหหหห
t = หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
F = หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
T = 273.15 + t
T = 273.15 + 9
5
( F - 32 )
t = 9
5
( F - 32 )
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหP หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(Barometer) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห1 cm2
หหหหหหหหห100 cm หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(หหหหหหห) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห1 cm3
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห76 cm หหหห760 mm หหหหหหหหหหหห1 หหหหหหหห(atm)
หหหหหห4.3 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(หหหหหหหหหหห)
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(Nanometer)หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(หหหหหหหหหหห)
4
5. หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(หหหห. ) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(h) (หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห)
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห2 หหหห(หหหห. ) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห2 หหหห(h) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
กกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกก
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(หหหหหหหหหหห) หหหห1 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหh หหหหหหหหห(หหหหห4.3 หหหหหห)
หหห
หหห(F) = หหหหหหห(m) x หหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(g)
หหหหหหหหหห= หหหหหหหหหหห(V) x หหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(d)
หหหหหหหหหหห
F = mg = Vdg
= (Ah)dg หหหหหA = หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหห(P) = (A)หหหหหหห
(F)หหห
หหหหหหหหหหห P = dgA
Ah
= hdg
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห25 0
C หหหหหหหหหหหห76.1 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
P = hdg = (76.1 cm) x (13.596
g/cm3
) x (980.7 cm/s2
)
= 1.015 x 106
g/cm.s2
= 1.015 x 106
dyne/cm2
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห76 หหหหหหหหหหหห0 0
C หหหหหหหหหหหหห1 หหหหหหหห( 1 atm)
หหหหหหหหหหหหหห( 1 atm) หหหหหหหหหdyne/cm2
หหหหหหหหหหหห
P (1 atm) = hdg
= (76.0 cm) x (13.596 g/cm3
)
x (980.7 cm/s2
)
= 1.013 x 106
dyne cm-2
5
6. หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหatm หหหหdyne cm-2
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห( N/cm2
) , หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(N/m2
) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
S.I. ( 1 Pa = 1 kg/m. s2
), หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(pound per square
inches) หหหหp.s.i ) , mm Hg หหหหtorr หหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหatm หหหmm Hg หหหPa หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 76 cm
Hg
= 760 torr = 17.7
p.s.i
= 1.013 x 105
Pa = 1.013 x 105
N/m2
= 1.013 x 106
dyne cm-2
กกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกกก
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหSTP หหหหหหหหหหหหStandard Temperature and Pressure หหหห
NTP หหหหหหหหหหหหNormal Temperature and Pressure หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห00
C หหหห273.15 K (273 K หหหหหหหหห)
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห1 atm หหหห760 mm Hg
กกกกกกกกกกกกกก
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหV หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(V) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห( หหห) หหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหdm3
หหหcm3
หหหหหหหหหหหหหS.I หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
1 หหหห = 1000.027 cm3
= 1 dm3
(หหหหหหหหห)
1 หหหหหหหหห= 1.000027 cm3
= 1 cm3
(หหหหหหหหห)
หหหหหหหหหหห1 dm3
= 103
cm3
= 1 หหหห= 103
หหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
กกกกกกกกกกกกก
6
7. หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห2 หหหหหหหหหหหห
ส. สสสสสสสสสสส( ideal gas) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(perfect gas) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
ส. สสสสสสสส(real gas) สสสสสสสหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหH2 , O2 CO2 , หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
1 กกกกกกกกกกกกกก
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
ก. กกกกกกกกกก(Boyle ,
s Law)
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห.ห. 1662 (ห.ห. 2205) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(Robert Boyle) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
“ หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห”
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
V α P
1
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหห V = P
k
หหหหPV = k
หหหหหV = หหหหหหหหหหหหหห
P = หหหหหหหหหหหหหห
k = หหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหP หหหV หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
P1V1 = P2V2 = P3V3 = ……..
หหหk หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหP หหหV หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหk หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหP หหหV หหหหหหหหหหk หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหk หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหP , V หหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหPV = k หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห“ หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห” หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหP หหหV หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
7
8. หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห3 หหหหหหหหห
หหหหหห1 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหP หหหV หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(Hyperbolar)
หหห V = P
k
หหหหหP = 0 หหห V = ∞
V = 0 หหห P = ∞
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหP หหหหหหหV
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหP หหหV หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(Isotherm) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(Isothermal Process)
หหหหหห4.6 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหP หหหV หหหหหT หหหn หหหหห
หหหหหห2 หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหP หหหV
1
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(Origin) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
V = P
k
= k P
1
+ 0 หหหหP = k V
1
+ 0
8
11. หหหหH2
5
25
50
75
100
2.84
8
0.57
7
0.29
4
0.19
9
0.15
3
4.49
1
0.91
0
0.46
2
0.31
3
0.23
8
6.13
2
1.23
9
0.62
7
0.42
3
0.32
1
14.2
40
14.4
34
14.7
01
14.9
92
15.3
09
22.4
57
22.7
39
23.0
97
23.4
61
23.8
30
30.6
62
30.9
73
31.3
63
31.7
52
32.1
41
ก. กกกกกกกกกกกก(Charles ,
law)
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหห.ห. 1787 (ห.ห. 2330) หหหหหหหหหหหห(Jacques Charles) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหH2 , หหหหห,
O2 , หหหCO2 หหหหหหหหหหหหหห0 - 80 0
C หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหห(Joseph Gay - Lussac) หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห1 0
C หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห273.15
1
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห0 0
C
หหหหหหV0 = หหหหหหหหหห0 0
C
V = หหหหหหหหหหt 0
C
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหt 0
C หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
V = V0 + 273.15
1
V0T = V0( 1 + 273.15
t
)
= V0 273.15
t)(273.15+
หหหหหห T = 273.15 + t
T0 = 273.15
หหหหห V = V0( 0T
T
) หหหห T
V
= 0
0
T
V
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห0
0
T
V
หหหหหหหหหหหหT
V
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห T
V
= k
หหหหหหหV หหหหหหหหหหหT หหหหหหหหT หหหหหหหหหV หหหหหหหหหหหT หหV หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
“ สสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสสส”
หหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหหห
11
12. V α T (เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ)
เเเเเเเเเเเ V = kT เเเเ T
V
= k
เเเเ 1
1
T
V
= 2
2
T
V
= n
n
T
V
= …….
เเเเเ
k เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเV เเเT
T เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ2 เเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเ1 เเเเเเเเเเเเเเV เเเT เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเV = kT เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ= k
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ“ เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ(Isobar)” เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เ. เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ( P เเเเเเเเเเ) เ. เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ(P เเเเเเเ)
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเ2 เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเV เเเt (0
C) เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเV เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
12
13. เ. เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ( P เเเเเเเเเเ) เ. เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ(P เเเเเเเ)
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ2 เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ-273.15 0
C เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ0
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ-273.15 0
C เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ0 เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเ= 273.15 + เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
T = 273.15 + t
เเเเ T = 273 + t
เเเเเเเเT = 273 + t เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเV = kT เเเเเ
V = kT = k(273 + t )
เเเเเเเเเเเ
V = kt + 273k
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ(y = ax + b) เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเV เเเt เเเเเเเเเเเเ= 273k เเเเเเเเเเ= k เเเเเเเเเเเเ)
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเV เเเT เเเV เเเt เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
13
14. เเเเเเ4.2 เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเ0 เเเเเเเเเเ-273.15 0
C เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ0 เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ0 เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ0 เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
ค.คคคคคคคคคคคคคคค(Gay - Lussac ,
s Law)
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ(Amanton s law) เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ(P) เเเเเเเเเเเ(T) เเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
“ เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ”
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
P α T เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเ P = kT เเเเT
P
= k
เเเ 1T
P1
= 2T
2P
เเเเ 2P
1P
= 2T
1T
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเP เเเT เเเเเเเเเเเเHe 1 เเเเเเเเเเเเเ22.4 เเเเ
P
(atm)
0.5 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.5
14
15. T(K) 136.5 163.8 218.4 173.0 327.6 409.5
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเP เเเT เเเP เเเt เเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเP เเเT เเเP เเเt
ค. คคคคคคคคคคคคคค(Avogadro ,
s law)
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
“ เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ(เเเเเเเเเ) เเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
V α n เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเV = kn เเเเ n
V
= k
เเเ
1n
1V
= 2n
2V
เเเเ 2V
1V
= 2n
1n
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเV เเเn เเเN2 เเเ1 atm 273 K
n (เเเ) 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.8 1.0 2.0
V
(dm3
)
2.24 4.48 11.2 17.92 22.4 44.8
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเV เเเn เเเเเเเเเเเ
15
16. เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเV เเเn
ค. คคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคค
(Combined gas law : equation state of ideal
gas)
คคคคคคคคคเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเP , V เเเT เเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเเเ V α P
1
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ V α T เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเ V α P
T
เเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเ V = k P
T
เเเเ T
PV
= k
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
1T
1V1P
= 2T
2V2P
= ……
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเP , T เเเV เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเP , V เเเเT เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ(n) เเเเเเเเเเเเ
คคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคค
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเP , V , T เเเn เเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ1T
1V1P
= 2T
2V2P
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
16
17. เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเV α P
T
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ V α n
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ V α P
nT
เเเเ V = P
RnT
เเเเ PV = nRT
เเเเเเเเเเPV = nRT เเเเเเ“ เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ” เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเP , V , T เเเn เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
R เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ(Universal constant) เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
R เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเP , V , T เเเn เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเP , V , T เเเn เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเR เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเP ,
V , T เเเn เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเP , V , T เเเn เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเR เเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเR = 0.082 atm . l . K-1
. Mol-1
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเO2 , H2 , CO2 , เเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
V เเเเl (เเเเ) , P เเเเatm , T เเเเK , เเเn เเเเmol เเเเเเเเเเเR = 0.082 เเเเเเเ
คคคคคคคคR
เเเR เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
R = nT
PV
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ1 เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ22.414 เเเเเเเSTP ( 00
C , 1 atm)
เเเเเเเเเเเP , V , T เเเn เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเR เเเเเเ
R = nT
PV
= K)(273.15)mol.1(
l.)22.414()atm1(
= 0.08205 atm . l . K-1
. Mol-1
(เเเเR = 0.082 atm . l . K-1
. Mol-1
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ)
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเP , V , T เเเn เเเเเเเเเเเเR เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
R = nT
PV
= K)(273.15)mol.1(
.)cm22414()atm1( 3
= 82.05 atm . cm3
. K-1
. Mol-1
เเเR เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเP , V , T เเเn เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเ4.6 เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ( T เเเเเเเเเเ, n เเเเเเเ)
17
18. P V R
atm
atm
mm.Hg
l
cm3
cm3
0.082 l. atm . K-1
. Mol-1
82.05 cm3
atm . K-1
. Mol-
1
62360 cm3
mm.Hg. K-1
.
Mol-1
R เเเเเเเergs = 8.314 x 107
ergs K-
1
mol-1
R เเเเเเเJoule = 8.314 JK-1
mol-1
R เเเเเเเcalory = 1.987 cal K-1
mol-1
เเเเเเเเ1 J = 107
ergs
1 cal = 4.184 J.
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเR = 0.082 l. atm . K-1
. Mol-1
คคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคคค
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
n = M
W
= 2310x6.02
N
เเเเเN = เเเเเเเเเเเเเ
M = เเเเเเเเเเ
W = เเเ
n = เเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเPV = nRT เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ(d) เเเ
PV = nRT = M
W
RT
เเเเเเเเเเเ M = P
RT
V
W. = P
RTd
เเเเ d = RT
PM
เเเเเ d = V
W
= เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ(เเเเเเเเเg/dm3
)
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเP , V, T เเเn เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
เเเเเเเเเเเเเเP , V, T เเเw (เเเเd) เเเเM เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเเM เเเเเเเเd เเเเเเเเเเเเเเเ
18
25. ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตPV = nRT
ต. ตตต PV = nRT = M
W
RT
P = 0.5 atm
w = ? g
R = 0.082 dm3
atm K-1
mol-1
V = 10.0 dm3
M = ตตตตตตตตตต= 44
T = 273 +30 303 K
ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต0.5 x 10.0 = 44
W
x 0.082 x 303
w = 8.85 g
ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตCO2 8.85 ตตตต
ต. ตตต PV = 2310x6.02
NRT
N = ตตตตตตตตตตตตต
0.5x 10.0 = 2310x6.02
303x0.082xN
N = 1.21 x 1023
ตตตตตตต
ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตCO2 1.21 x 1023
ตตตตตตต
2 ตตตตตตตตตตตตตต
ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต
ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต2 ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต
ก. กกกกกกก(diffusion) ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต
ก. กกกกกกกกกกก(effusion) ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต(ideal flow) ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต
ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตeffusionmeter
ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต
ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต(Graham ,
s law of diffusion)
25
26. ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต(Graham ,
s law of effusion) ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต(Thomas
Graham) ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต
“ ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต”
ตตตตตตV = ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต
M = ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต
d = ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต
ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต
M
1V α ตตต d
1V α
ตตตต M
kV = ตตต d
kV
/
=
ตตตตตk , k/
ตตตตตตตตตตตต
ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต(absolute) ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต2 ตตตต
ตตต M
kV =
ตตตตต, ตตตตตตตตตตต1 1M
k
1V =
ตตตตตตตตตตต2 2M
k
2V =
ตตตตตตต 1M
2M
2V
1V
=
ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต
1d
2d
2V
1V
=
ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต
1M
2M
2V
1V
=
1d
2d
=
ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต dM α (ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต)
ตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตตต
26
