This document contains an English class discussion on analogies. It defines analogy and provides examples of different types of analogy relationships including part to whole, antonyms, action, problem to solution, object to function, cause to effect, synonyms, noun to adjective, category example, and object to user. Students are assigned activities in their modules to practice identifying and explaining different analogy relationships.

1. ENGLISH
CLASS
With Ma'am Jan-Rose Dalisay

3. Class Prayer

4. DAMIANA LIGON
EUGENIO

5. LESSON
FOR THE
DAY

6. THE ORIGIN
OF THIS
WORLD
(MARANAO)
From the Anthology of
Philippine Myths by
Damiana L. Eugenio

8. How is this version
of creation different
from the version that
you already know?
Who, according to
this selection, is
the creator of the
world?
Is the number seven a
significant element in
this story of the
creation? Why or why
not?
What is the significance
element in this story of
the tree of life in the
story?

9. Do sinners have a
place in heaven?
Which part of the
story explains
this?
What does the retrieval
of Bantungan's soul
stronglysay about the
Maranao's belief about
life and death?

11. It shows
relationships
between words
Etymology of the Greek word
“analogia”, which is a
combination of the affixes
ana (upon, again or back) and
logos (ratio, word, or speech)
Its function is to
describe or explain
one thing by
examining its
similarities with
another thing
Something
similar to
“proportion”
The double colon divides the analogy into two parts. The first part is the left-hand side of
the double colon, “high : low” and the second part is the right-hand side, “smooth :
rough.” Remember that the relationship that occurs between the first part is exactly the
same as the relationship that is present between the word in the second part.

12. EXAMPLES:
high : low :: smooth : rough
small : long :: thick : thin
The words above are example of Antonyms
analogy. This analogy read as, “ High is the
opposite of low, just as smooth is the opposite of
rough.”
Try to read the second example: small is the
opposite of ________, just as thin is the opposite
of _______.

13. Below are some examples of analogy relationships:
Part to whole Cause to effect
Antonyms Synonyms
Performer and Action Noun to closely
related adjective
Problem to Solution Category example
Object to Function Object to its User

14. high : low :: smooth : rough
small : long :: thick : thin
The words above are example of Antonyms
analogy. This analogy read as, “ High is the
opposite of low, just as smooth is the opposite of
rough.”
Try to read the second example: small is the
opposite of ________, just as thin is the opposite
of _______.

15. Analogy relationships with meaning and examples
• Part to whole
In this analogy, the first word is
a part of the second word and the
third word is part of the fourth
word.
Example:
SD card : cellphone :: objective lens : microscope
Leave : tree :: brain : eyes : face
wheel : car :: keyboard : computer
• Antonyms
This is an analogy of words that are
opposite in meaning.
Example:
Cheerful : gloomy :: excited : undisturbed : Performer
Happy : sad :: clean : dirty
Early : late :

16. Analogy relationships with meaning and examples
• Action Analogy
In this type of analogy, both the
performer and action are stated.
Example:
seamstress : sew
doctor : cure
teacher : teach
• Problem to solution
Every problem has a solution. In this
type of analogy, two words related to each
other are used.
Example:
weak and rest
hungry and eat
Flood and plant trees

17. Analogy relationships with meaning and examples
• Object to Function
This is a type of analogy in
which one word is object and
another is the related function.
Example:
Key and unlock
Scissors : cut
Printer : print and copy
• Cause to effect
This analogy shows how one thing
causes another.
Example:
Heavy rains causes torrential flooding
Corrupt government causes poverty to
the country

18. Analogy relationships with meaning and examples
• Synonyms
One way analogies are set up is
by using synonyms or words that
mean the same.
Example:
radiant:glowing :: organized:prepared
intelligent:clever :: careful:cautious
• Noun to closely related adjective
In this type, the first term is a noun and
the second term an adjective which
describes it and the same pattern applies to
the right-hand part of the analogy.
Example:
Lawyer:objective :: journalist:inquisitive
Painter:creative :: police:alert

19. Analogy relationships with meaning and examples
• Category example
This type of analogy shows
umbrella words or large topics and
their examples.
Example:
Adverb:consequently :: Adjective:
adamant
Science:Biology :: Mathematics:
Geometry
• Object to its User
Another way analogies are presented is
through Object to its User where the first
term is usually the object or tool and the
next term is the person that utilizes it. The
same pattern applies to the right-hand part
of the analogy.
Example:
Pen:writer :: ladel:cook
Stetoscope:doctor :: brush:painter

20. Answer the following activities
in your modules:
Let’s Try
Let’s Explore (1-6
questions)
Let’s Dig in
Let’s Apply
Let’s Evaluate
Submission of modules until
October 16.