The document discusses cultural exchanges and human rights issues in China and the United States. It argues that China must develop in a way suited to its own conditions, neither copying Western models nor mechanically following other socialist models. It also emphasizes upholding national unity and a peaceful environment as fundamental to China's development. Regarding the US, it describes American society as multicultural rather than a melting pot, defined more by integration than assimilation of cultures.

1. An Advanced Course in Interpretation 高级口译教程 Unit 10

2. Some Useful Idioms 三十六行 , 行行出状元。 Every profession produces its own leading authority. / Every trade has its own master. 精诚所至，金石为开。 Absolute sincerity will move a heart of stone. / No difficulty is insurmountable if one sets his mind to it. 旧瓶装新酒 New wine in old bottles – new content in old form 苦干加巧干 Work both arduously and skillfully 只可意会，不可言传 Can be understood but not described 将在外，君命有所不受。 A field general is not bound by the emperor’s orders. 君子动手，小人动手。 A gentleman uses his tongue, a bastard, his fists.

3. Some Useful Idioms 人多好办事。 Many hands make light work. 起承转合 Opening, developing, changing approach and concluding – the 4 steps of Chinese classic writing 皮笑肉不笑 Put on a false smile 令人哑口无言 Strike somebody dumb, strike somebody speechless 莫须有的罪名 Fabricated charges 明一套，暗一套 Do one way in the open and another in secret 勉为其难 Undertake to do what is beyond one’s power 惊天地，泣鬼神 Startle the universe and move the gods –very moving 惊慌失措，手忙脚乱 Be thrown into panic and utter confusion

4. Some Useful Idioms 酒逢知己千杯少，话不投机半句多。 For a congenial friend, a thousand toasts are too few; in a disagreeable conversation, one word more is too many. 雷声大，雨点小 Loud thunders but small raindrops – much said but little done 解铃还须系铃人。 It is better for the doer to undo what he has done. 乐天知命 Be contented with one’s lot 眉毛胡子一把抓 Try to grasp the eyebrows and the beard all at once, try to attend to big and small matters all at once. 连环计 A series of stratagems 空头支票 A bounced check, lip service 家丑不可外扬。 Domestic shame should not be made public. / Don’t wash your dirty linen in public.

5. Some Useful Idioms 三天打鱼，两天晒网。 Spend three days fishing and two days drying nets, work (or study) on and off 家书抵万金。 A letter from home is worth ten thousand pieces of gold. 明枪易躲，暗箭难防。 It is easy to evade a visible spear, but hard to guard against an unseen arrow – better an open enemy than a false friend 机不可失，时不在来。 Once lost, an opportunity is never found again. / Now or never. 近水楼台先得月。 A waterfront pavilion gets the moonlight first – the advantage of being in a favored position. 风声鹤唳，草木皆兵 Be so panic-stricken as to be scared by the whistle of the wind and the rustle of a leaf

6. Please watch and interpret: 看到生病的母亲受苦使我伤心。 布朗先生想在退休后搬到乡下去住。 我父母不准我在外面呆到半夜以后。 别拿你那些鸡毛蒜皮的事同我纠缠。 他们对没被邀请的事装作满不在乎的样子。 这些规章制度早就名存实亡了。 我们必须坚持真理，而真理必须旗帜鲜明。 问题非常复杂，很难断定谁是谁非。 It hurts me to see my sick mother suffer. Mr. Brown wants to move to live in the country after his retirement. My parents don’t allow me to stay out later than midnight. Don’t pester me with your trivial matters. They pretended they didn’t care a bit about not being invited. These rules and regulations have long existed only in form and not in reality. We must firmly uphold truth and truth requires a clear-cut stand. The matter is so complicated that it is difficult to judge who is right and who is wrong.

7. Please watch and interpret: 弄虚作假骗取荣誉是他的惯用伎俩。 他多年对老板奴颜婢膝，但并没有得到提拔。 俄国政府为其国内的人才外流而担心。 看到国家财产受到损害我们不能袖手旁观。 尽管我们一再批评，他依然如故。 青年人朝气蓬勃，正在兴旺时期。 挣钱多的人多交税是合情合理的。 他是真心实意的，你完全可以放心。 It is his customary tactics to seek honor through fraud and deception. He was not promoted although he had licked his boss’s boots. The Russian Government is worried about the brain drain from the country. We mustn’t stand by with folded arms when we see state property being damaged. Despite our repeated criticism, he remains unchanged. Young people full of vigor and vitality are in the heyday of life. It’s logical that people who earn more money should pay higher taxes. You may rest assured that he is in earnest.

8. Please watch and interpret: 他一直在盘算着如何自圆其说。 我主意已定，你不要枉费口舌劝我啦。 公司总经理将设宴为您洗尘。 感谢你为我们所作的精心安排。 这座寺庙历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。 和平与发展仍然是我们时代的潮流。 这两家公司的合并是双赢战略的典范。 这些课程是为了扩大学生的知识面，发挥个性特长。 He has been thinking all the time about how to justify his argument. I have made up my mind. Don’t waste your breath trying to persuade me. The managing director of the company will host a banquet in your honor. Thank you very much for your thoughtful arrangement for us. This temple has a long history, dating back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty. Peace and development remains the trend of our times. The merger of the companies is a fine model of win-win strategy. These courses are intended for extending the students’ scope of knowledge and developing their personality and special skills.

9. Please watch and interpret: 这是一所专门培养管理人才的高等学府。 中国必须走一条适合自己国情的发展道路。 相对论的一个显著成果在于它改变了我们的时空观。 评判中餐烹调优劣的三大要素是色香味。 中餐先上冷盘，而西餐则先上汤。 中国的网民人数将跃居全球第二，仅次于美国。 This institution of higher learning aims exclusively at bringing up management specialists. China must take a road to development that is suited to its national conditions. A remarkable consequence of relativity is the way it has changed our idea of time and space. The three essential factors by which Chinese cooking is judged are known as color, aroma and taste A Chinese dinner begins with cold dishes, and a Western dinner with a soup. China will have the second largest netizen population in the world, next only to that of the US.

10. Unit 9 Cultural Exchanges 中国确保 12 亿多人的 生存权和发展权 ，这是对世界人权进步事业的 重大贡献 。 集体人权与个人人权 的紧密结合和协调发展是中国人权事业发展的必然道路。 (CI) To ensure the 1.2 billion Chinese people the rights to subsistence and development is in itself a major contribution to the progress of the world human rights cause. The close combination and coordinated development of collective and individual human rights is the only way to development in the human rights cause in China.

11. Unit 9 Cultural Exchanges 中国既不能 照抄 西方资本主义国家的发展模式，也不能 硬搬 其他国家建设社会主义的模式，而必须走 适合自己国情 的发展道路。 China cannot copy the development model of Western capitalist countries, nor can it mechanically follow other countries’ models of building socialism. On the contrary, it must take a road to development that is suited to its own national conditions .

12. Unit 9 Cultural Exchanges 维护中华民族的团结统一，是 中华民族伟大复兴 的根本基础，是 全国各族人民 的根本利益所在。 Safeguarding solidarity and unity of the Chinese nation is the very foundation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and is where the fundamental interests of the people of all ethnic groups lie.

13. Unit 9 Cultural Exchanges 中华文明 绵绵 几千年， 维护国家统一 始终是中国历史的主流，是中国人民世世代代极其珍视的 崇高目标 。世界上只有一个中国， 实现中国的完全统一 是全体中国人民的共同愿望。 (CI) In the Chinese civilization of several thousand years in continuous succession , to keep the nation unified has always been the mainstream in Chinese history and a lofty goal that the Chinese people have cherished from generation to generation. There is but one China in the world. The realization of China’s complete reunification is the common aspiration of the entire Chinese people.

14. Unit 9 Cultural Exchanges 中华民族历来爱好自由和平。中国人民始终希望 天下太平 、希望同各国人民友好相处。任何一个国家的建设和发展，都需要一个 和平稳定的国际国内环境 。中国人民在近代饱受战争和被侵略的痛苦，更深感自由与和平的珍贵。 The Chinese nation always loves freedom and peace. The Chinese people have always longed for peace prevailing across the world and wished to live in harmony with the people of all the other countries. The construction and development of every country requires a peaceful and stable international and domestic environment. In the not far distant past, the Chinese people suffered immensely from the scourge of war and aggression , so now they feel all the more strongly the value of freedom and peace.

15. Unit 9 Cultural Exchanges Some people say that the United States is “ a melting pot ”, while others say that it is “ a salad platter ”. In my view, rather than a melting pot, the US today may be more accurately described as a multicultural society in which acculturation is defined more in terms of “ integration ” than “ assimilation ”. (CI) 有些人说美国是“ 熔炉 ”，也有些人说美国是“ 色拉拼盘 ”。依我所见，或许较为确切的说法是，今日美国不是什么熔炉，而是一个 多元文化的社会 。在这个社会里，文化融合的定义应该是“ 结合 ”而非“ 同化 ”。

16. Unit 9 Cultural Exchanges The United States has always been a heterogeneous society with cohesion based partly on mutual respect and partly on one group’s values dominating all others . Much hostility is created by the ignorance of other cultures and failure to recognize their existence. （ CI ）美国从来就是一个 多元化的社会 。它的凝聚力部分是建立在 相互尊重 的基础上，部分建立在 一个群体的价值观支配着其他群体的价值观 的基础上。对其他文化的忽视和不认可往往是孳生敌意的土壤。