Future of Chinese Cyber Warfare

Future of Chinese Cyber Warfare by William T Hagestad II LTCOL USMCR – Retired ©Red Dragon Rising
Future of Chinese Cyber Warfare
By William T. Hagestad II
The future of Chinese Cyber Warfare is monumental and is comprised of several factors that are
both very international and far reaching in their strategic implications. The international aspects
of Chinese Cyber Warfare in the next millennium are based upon the facts and history of
China’s experience with the West. The strategic and tactical aspects of future cyber actions by
the Chinese are beyond the comprehension of most technologists; and during “Future of
Chinese Cyber Warfare” a scan of what lies ahead in the Chinese cyber realm will be discussed.
It seems that whenever we scan the headlines these days the terms China and hacking are
synonymous. The dilemma is that nefarious cyber activity that China is accused of is mainly
coming from the United States of America. The People’s Republic of China on the other side of
the world denies the hacking allegations as erroneous and so the it goes, repetitive charges of
hacking by one country against another in an endless infinite loop of delusion and missed
opportunity for reconciliation by both nation states. It would seem then that the United States
has 100% internet Protocol (IP) address proof of these cyber-attacks from China. Yet when the
US Government and its various law enforcement, intelligence and secretive agencies are
pushed for facts and evidence, none can be produced and the default always seems to be “Well
that’s classified information and you do not have a need to know”.
Tactical Chinese Responses
China it would seem has tired of living by the Western rules of the cyber-road.

One of the watershed moments was when secrets revealed by the ex-Booz-Allen-Hamilton
contractor at the US National Security Agency saw the light of day. China perceiving all
American technology products as being compromised by the NSA began to close its technical
borders. Many Western technology companies, primarily United States technical firms have
been taken off of Chinese procurement lists. Chinese government offices and state owned
enterprises (SOEs) such as bank and telecommunications providers are prohibited from
purchasing global brands such as Cisco Systems, International Business Machines (IBM) and
Microsoft.1
The beginning of the end for China was the US Federal Bureau of Investigation (F-B-I) placing
five People’s Liberation Army Officers on Most Wanted posters for intellectual property (IP)
theft on May 19th
, 2014 in the Western District of Pennsylvania (WDPA).2
By equating, actively
serving Chinese Military Officers with International terrorists, the shame and inaccuracies were
a bit much for the Chinese Government to bear and thus the strategic technical shots were
fired. In February of 2015 the Central Government of China announced the ban of many
Western information security products including notably Apple and Cisco Systems, Citrix
Systems and McAfee.3
The Chinese press announced that “U.S. official accused China of military
personnel engaged in cyber espionage“,美国正式指控中国军方人员从事网络间谍活动”.4
1
“Spying scandal hits US tech companies in China”. (2013). South China Morning Post. (Internet) Accessed:
http://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/1356534/spying-scandal-hits-us-tech-companies-china
2
“U.S. Charges Five Chinese Military Hackers for Cyber Espionage Against U.S. Corporations and a Labor Organization for Commercial
Advantage”. United States Department of Justice. (2014). (Internet). Accessed: http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/us-charges-five-chinese-military-
hackers-cyber-espionage-against-us-corporations-and-labor
3
“Apple, Cisco gear off Beijing's shopping list in surveillance fears”. South China Morning Post. (2015). Internet. Accessed:
http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1723484/apple-cisco-gear-beijings-shopping-list-surveillance-fears
4
““U.S. official accused China of military personnel engaged in cyber espionage“,美国正式指控中国军方人员从事网络间谍活动
”.”ChinaCity.be. (2014) Internet. Accessed: http://www.chinacity2.be/uncategorized/4616/

In April of 2014, China announced that it would implement network security review of foreign
technology companies ,“中国宣布将对外国科技公司实施网络安全审查”.5
This of course
came in response to observations that US technology companies were ““US wrestling network
security U.S. corporate interests quagmire trap” – “中美角力網絡安全美企陷利益泥沼”.6
In a purely Chinese move there was no mention of the FBI’s “Most Wanted” gaffe, rather China
simply executed upon an economic move, banning Western technology for use in Chinese
Government offices and networks. Essentially Chinese Officials can no longer source from these
Western technology companies – and thus the Chinese way of dealing with such Western
impudence and false accusations of hacking includes a purge by 2020 of most if not all foreign
technology relying instead on its own indigenous innovations for government, read state and
military uses.7
The date of this announcement by the outgoing Chinese President Hu Jintao on 8 November
2012 was monumental. Besides the number eight being auspicious in Chinese numerology and
superstition, this was also the day on which the new President of the People’s Republic of
China, Xi Jinping became the new leader of Asia’s largest communist nation. One of Hu Jintao’s
most notable proclamations to the People’s Liberation Army was: “"We should attach great
importance to maritime, space and cyberspace security. We should make active planning for
the use of military forces in peacetime, expand and intensify military preparedness, and
5
“China's banking sector to foreign technology companies to resist new rules Network Security”. (20141).Chinese New York Times. Internet.
Accessed:
http://chinadigitaltimes.net/chinese/2015/01/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5%EF%BD%9C%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%
E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E6%8A%B5%E5%88%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%9A
%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8/
6
“中美角力網絡安全美企陷利益泥沼”. (2014). Singpao. Internet. Accessed: http://www.singpao.com/cj/zh/201405/t20140526_509397.html
7
“China to speed up full military IT application: Hu”. Xinhua News. (2012). Internet. Accessed:
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/special/18cpcnc/2012-11/08/c_131959900.htm

enhance the capability to accomplish a wide range of military tasks, the most important of
which is to win local war in an information age,".8
For the Chinese Armed Forces, this was the outgoing president’s commander’s intent – the
informization tasking for the PLA was several-fold. The most important statements are below:
“…train a new type of high-caliber military personnel in large numbers, intensively carry out
military training under computerized conditions, and enhance integrated combat capability
based on extensive IT application…”;
“…implement the military strategy of active defense for the new period, and enhance military
strategic guidance as the times so require”;
…strengthen national defense aim to safeguard China's sovereignty, security and territorial
integrity and ensure its peaceful development…“;
“…enhance the capability to accomplish a wide range of military tasks, the most important of
which is to win local war in an information age…“;9
During March of 2013, which was also the 86th
Anniversary of the founding of the People’s
Liberation Army, discussions arose discussing guarding the Chinese ‘motherland’ and her
frontiers traditionally with kinetic weaponry such as bombs had progressed beyond what a seen
enemy might possess. The PLA went on to discuss the security provocations in the cyber realm
primarily from the United States. During an anniversary report, called the “18 Report” PLA
officials and officers alike paid particular attention to China’s need for “10
8
Ibid.
9
Ibid.
10
“Chinese Military Projects Globally: PLA & New Equipment Development -中国军队项目世界第一：惊曝解放军最新装备发展
”JunShi.XiLu.com. (2013. Internet. Accessed: http://junshi.xilu.com/20130802/news_44_379586_2.html

The “18 Report” further indicated that the quality of US Military cyber weapons was improving
and thus posing a significant and growing threat to China’s national security. In that, cyberspace
is a basic sign of the information age, it is becoming a new strategic areas affecting national
security and development has become the penetration, impact and even decide other
important battle space. The state attaches great importance to the development of the world's
major military network, network warfare units under construction; improve network warfare
capabilities, competition intensified around cyberspace right to development, ownership,
control, and China in cyberspace faced with many real and potential threats.11
The “18 Report” went on to discuss and prioritize Chinese military weapons research and
innovation specifically noting that China’s future cyber wars would be in the cyber realm. PLA
units tasked with generating this future cyber combat capability included the People’s
Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), Air Force (PLLAN) and the Second Artillery Force.12
The PLA noted with understanding that the areas of sea, space, cyberspace security situation,
strengthening maritime, space, cyberspace security research, are necessary areas of China’s
national security sovereignty. Efficient and capable construction of a cyber-power and the
necessary means to provide strong strategic support to safeguard all of China’s national
interests. The “18 Report” also specifically tasked all of the PLA with a comprehensive
construction of a modern military system with Chinese characteristics, promoting the
revolution in military affairs with Chinese characteristics.13
11
Ibid.
12
Ibid.
13
Ibid.

The “18 Report” went on to emphasize a total fighting force, adjusting and optimizing the PLA’s
structure, “improve the institutional mechanisms conducive to joint operations, promote
operational elements fusion integration, accelerate the formation of capable, joint, more
energy, efficient information military system.”14
Adjust and optimize the structure of combat forces, primarily focus on strengthening the Navy,
Air Force, Second Artillery Force, and accelerate the construction of new combat information
operations forces, military and aerospace, and promote the overall transformation of the Army,
optimizing the internal structure and composition of forces branches.
In favor of joint operations and improve institutional mechanisms, mainly focus on improving
conditions at the PLA Information joint operational capabilities, establish and improve joint
operational command system, the joint training system, the joint security system. Promote
integration integrated operational elements, mainly the use of information systems to
reconnaissance, command and control, firepower elements integrated, comprehensive
support, etc., to maximize the overall effectiveness of combat system. Build a military system,
the Chinese armed forces will face profound changes, military power will have a qualitative
leap, national security will be more solid and reliable protection.
Notable Chinese strategic technology moves seen during December 2014 as SOEs in
northeastern China replaced Microsoft’s operating system with the Chinese homegrown Linux
version based on Free BSD called NeoKylin. Additional tactical replacement of Western
technology came about as many of China’s banks replaced IBM servers with Chinese –made
14
Ibid.

hardware manufactured by China’s Inspur Group.15
This is an interesting report by Bloomberg
however it may be true – there is some Chinese tactical and strategic gamesmanship behind the
local choice of China’s Inspur. During August of 2014 IBM was hailed as a Western company
worthy of doing business in the People’s Republic of China after the government ban when it
was disclosed that IBM would help China's Inspur to design servers, IBM将帮助竞争对手浪潮
国际设计服务器.16
Thus, the People’s Republic of China, in response to hacking allegations by the United States
and subsequent criminal charges against its military officers has responded in accurate Chinese
fashion – placing Western technology on a “do-not-buy” list as a measure of response for the
aforementioned accusations. These strategic moves in consonance with the revelations that
there are indeed American spy organization backdoors embedded in US technology products
have given the Chinese a capability for winning economically in the first round of a 21st
century
cyber war with the United States.
Future Chinese Cyber Warfare Strategic Developments
China’s Great Cannon
China under the current Communist regime is quick to learn from the downfall of previous
Chinese dynasties. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has been very aware of what happens
amongst the Chinese populace once they become disenchanted with current leadership
direction and policies – since Mao Tse tung in 1949 unpopular leaders of China such as Chiang
15
“China Said to Plan Sweeping Shift From Foreign Technology to Own”. Bloomberg. (2014). Internet. Accessed:
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-17/china-said-to-plan-sweeping-shift-from-foreign-technology-to-own
16
“IBM将帮助竞争对手浪潮国际设计服务器” Tech @ QQ.com. (2014). Internet. Accessed: http://tech.qq.com/a/20140823/001945.htm

Kai Shek have been overthrown, routed and replaced. In order to maintain current regime
hegemony inside China, China’s cyber security initiatives as of late, March 2015, focused
outwards in an attempt to block and edit global website who Communist leaders regarded as
anti-Chinese. Thus, the concept of securing the Communist ideology went from controlling
internal Chinese dissent to the Internet in the Western world. American-based Greatfire.org
was the victim of a Chinese based Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack in late March
2015. The reason for this DDoS attack was an attempt by Greatfire.org to make available
blocked, nay, banned content in the People’s Republic of China available to Chinese Netziens.
Examples of Greatfire.org’s efforts to educate censored Chinese include the creation of
websites such as the China Digital Times, A Chinese Reuters website and Freeweibo.com which
Greatfire has itself created as a poke in the eye of Chinese censors who have censured Chinese
run Weibo.cn.com. In the last example, perhaps the Greatfire efforts of re-posting edited and
removed content from Sina’s Weibo was too much for the 50,000 Chinese Internet censors. As
a result, China may have used this Western named cyber weapon, the “Great Cannon” to curtail
and fend off more of Greatfire’s unblocking efforts.17
China’s Great Cannon when operated has the ability to technically hijack unsuspecting Internet
browsers and redirect millions Internet users’ traffic in an aggressive cyber offensive on
websites which are blocked by China. China’s use of the Great Cannon is a deliberate offensive
strategy in an otherwise defensively framed cyber public awareness campaign. Indeed now,
China’s Internet censorship efforts have shifted from defensive anti-Communist rhetoric
17
“Breaking Through China's Great Firewall”. (2015). (Internet). Accessed: http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-03-20/secretive-web-
activists-give-chinese-a-way-around-censorship

content control to an overt attempt at aggressive use of Western Internet sites against free
Internet organizations such as Gretfire.org. “The operational deployment of the Great Cannon
represents a significant escalation in state-level information control: the normalization of
widespread use of an attack tool to enforce censorship by weaponizing users.”18
Besides the regular desire to free content for average Chinese in China, perhaps another reason
for the undue cyber-affection by China’s Great Cannon is the fact that Greatfire.org openly
funded by a United States Government entity. This nepotistic US organization or Other
Governmental Agency (OGA), called Open Technology Fund (OTF). According to Open
Technology Fund’s website, https://www.opentechfund.org/project/greatfire-expanding-
collateral-freedom , the “Greatfire - Expanding Collateral Freedom” project has received a total
of $ 114,000.00 in US Government funding.19
Besides perhaps the US Government backed
efforts of Greatfire.org, more precisely the Communist Chinese take exception with the
initiatives undertaken by the Internet freedom organization – these include; Restrictive Internet
filtering by technical methods (IP blocking, DNS filtering, TCP RST, DPI, etc.), Government
practices that hold intermediaries (social networks or ISPs) liable for user content, Prohibitive
cost to access the Internet, Policies, laws, or directives that increase surveillance, censorship,
and punishment; and, Localized or nationwide communications shut down or throttling
(Blackouts).20
The DDoS attack method creates a frenzy of information packets destined for a particular IP
address or website. The cyber attacker floods the target website with requests to its server,
18
“China’s Great Cannon”. Open Technology Fund. (2015), (Internet). Accessed: https://www.opentechfund.org/article/chinas-great-cannon
19
“Greatfire - Expanding Collateral Freedom”. Open technology Fund. (2015). (Internet). Accessed:
https://www.opentechfund.org/project/greatfire-expanding-collateral-freedom
20
Ibid.

slowing or even crashing the server and driving up maintenance costs. Greatfire.org reported
on the 19th
of March that the DDoS attacks started the 17th
of March and peaked when
Greatfire.org began "receiving up to 2.6 billion requests per hour, which is about 2,500 times
more than normal levels."21
Thus, one the People’s Republic of China’s latest strategic cyber weapons, the Great Cannon
has been successful in turning the West’s own open Internet against itself. The technical details
are unique in that 22
Cooperation’s With Foreign Military not aligned with the United States
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
China’s financial strategy for future cyber warfare has materialized in the form of its own
regional funding apparatus, soon to be globally recognized> This unanimous recognition may
have come sooner than anticipated for China as on the 12th
of March 2015 the United Kingdom
has recognized its financial legitimacy and applied as founding member. In total 46 countries
from Australia, to Russia, South Korea, Kuwait and many other counties have signed up as
founding members as of the 28th
of March 2015.23
China-led AIIB has several initiatives in financially supporting strategic (and global) nation state
infrastructure projects such as railways, ports, highways, energy, electricity and
21
Anti-censorship activist site Greatfire.org under DDoS attack, bandwidth costs skyrocket”. Tech In Asia. (2015). (Internet). Accessed:
https://www.techinasia.com/anticensorship-activist-site-greatfireorg-ddos-attack-bandwidth-costs-skyrocket/
22
‘Ideological security is of the utmost concern': Meet ‘The Great Cannon,’ China’s latest cyber weapon” National Post. (2015). (Internet).
Accessed: http://news.nationalpost.com/news/world/ideological-security-is-of-the-utmost-concern-meet-the-great-cannon-chinas-latest-
cyberweapon
23
What do we know about AIIB”. China Daily – European Edition. (2015). (Internet). Accessed: http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2015-
04/01/content_19971275.htm

telecommunications.24
According to AAIB’s website it gives the world and prospective members
an idea what its focus is supposed to contribute global economic recovery;
“The AIIB, a modern knowledge-based institution, will focus on the development of
infrastructure and other productive sectors in Asia, including energy and power,
transportation and telecommunications, rural infrastructure and agriculture
development, water supply and sanitation, environmental protection, urban
development and logistics, etc. The operational strategy and priority areas of
engagement may be revised or further refined by its governing boards in the future as
circumstances may warrant.
AIIB will complement and cooperate with the existing MDBs to jointly address the
daunting infrastructure needs in Asia. The Bank’s openness and inclusiveness reflect its
multilateral nature. AIIB welcomes all regional and non-regional countries, developing
and developed countries, that seek to contribute to Asian infrastructure development
and regional connectivity.”25
Headquartered in Beijing, People’s Republic of China, the current secretary-general of the AIIB
is Jin Liqun. He’s a former chairman of the Chinese state owned enterprise (SOE) China
International Capital Corporation. He also has experience with the Asia Development Bank.26
One of the most interesting projects that AIIB is seen as possibly contributing to is the deep
water Pakistan port of Gwadar27
, although China has claimed that the $46 Billion USD needed
24
Ibid.
25
“About Us”. THE ASIAN INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BANK”. (2015). (Internet). Accessed: http://www.aiibank.org/html/aboutus/AIIB/
26
Ibid, Chain Daily European Edition.

for the Pakistani port reconstruction and maintenance will not come from AIIB funding
sources.28
China’s future cyber warfare capabilities thus need not always be technical advantages over
nation states it does not ally itself with. In the case of the AIIB, the United States says it won’t
join, rather using the deployment of military in the very same AIIB countries and choosing to
knock on local residents doors with weapon systems in hand rather than a checkbook as the
People’s Republic of China has so adroitly shown with the formation of the AIIB.
Forming a “No-Hack” Agreement with the Russian Federation
During May 2015 both the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China decided on
their own form of global cyber hegemony by agreeing in a 12-page document not to hack each
other; the document itself is appropriately titled “Russian-Chinese intergovernmental
agreement on cooperation in ensuring international information security”.29
According to the
international security agreement written in Russian, both countries” agreed to exchange
information between law enforcement agencies, exchange technologies and ensure security of
information infrastructure.”30
The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) issued a much more official and perhaps specific
statement ensuring what it is calling ensuring international information security (IIS). The MFA
Official Statement is worth reading and in its brief entirety it is inserted below:
27
“Gwadar port: Southern starting point of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor”. People’s Daily Online. (2015). (Internet). Accessed:
http://en.people.cn/n/2015/0514/c98649-8892217.html
28
“China says AIIB won't be used for $46 billion Pakistan deal”. Reuters. (2015). (Internet). Accessed:
http://in.reuters.com/article/2015/04/17/china-pakistan-idINKBN0N80RQ20150417
29
“Signing a Russian-Chinese intergovernmental agreement on cooperation in ensuring international information security”. Russian
Government Official Website. (2015). (Internet). Accessed: http://government.ru/en/docs/17952/
30
China – Russian Security Agreement. (2015). (Internet). Accessed: https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2076545-
5amaccs7mslxgbff1ua785wwmwcabdjw.html

“On May 8, during the visit of President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping to Russia,
the foreign ministers of Russia and China signed, in the presence of the Heads of State, the
bilateral intergovernmental Agreement on Cooperation to Ensure International Information
Security (IIS).
“The Agreement takes Russian-Chinese cooperation in the sphere of IIS to an entirely
new level. It reflects the similar strategic approaches of Russia and China to IIS, and is
concerned with practical application and joint efforts to resolve specific tasks of national
and international information security. Essentially, the Agreement creates a legal
framework for starting a dialogue between the relevant departments in our two
countries on all IIS issues.
The main focus is on joint response to the most serious threats in this sphere, including
countering the use of information and communication technology (ICT) to commit
violations of generally recognised principles of international law, such as interference in
the internal affairs of states, undermining sovereignty or political and economic
stability, and inciting ethnic or religious conflict.
The priorities of Russian-Chinese cooperation also include preventing the use of ICT for
terrorist or other illegal purposes.
In practical terms, the Agreement involves information sharing on existing and potential
risks and threats in IIS, working together to improve the international legal framework
for cooperation in this area, and developing and implementing necessary joint
confidence-building measures, among others.
Other important areas of cooperation mentioned in the document include conducting
joint research on issues related to supporting IIS, joint training of specialists in this
sphere, exchanges of undergraduate and postgraduate students and professors, as well
as maintaining contacts at the expert level in various formats.
With respect to supporting IIS, the document confirms the sovereign right of the states
to formulate and implement their respective state policies on issues related to the
Internet, including cybersecurity, and emphasises the need for the full

internationalisation of Internet governance and for a guarantee of the equal rights of
states to participate in this process.
The Agreement will allow our countries to deepen IIS cooperation within international
organisations and forums, including the UN, the International Telecommunication
Union, the SCO, BRICS, and the ASEAN Regional Forum on Security.
In order to implement the Agreement, Russia and China will maintain a regular bilateral
dialogue on IIS issues, including interdepartmental consultations.”31
Thus, in a manner that is more Russian than Chinese, the Chinese have adroitly been able to
official ally themselves with the best hacking nation on the planet in an agreement which
prevents either country from violating the other’s cyber sovereignty. China has effectively
placed the United States on notice that it is willing to cooperate in cyberspace with countries
such as Russia and prevent further nefariousness in the Internet space – while the United States
militarizes cyber with Cyber Command, China and Russia agree to international Internet
Security best practices.
Response to the US Military Offensive Cyber Weapons Capabilities
April 24th
2015 the US Department of Defense announces a summary of cyber weapons
capabilities aimed at countries who would attach the US homeland. The Chinese viewed this
military announcement as one of a direct threat to China’s cyber sovereignty. The US military
three main tasks are security, counter-attack, deterrence.
“One cyber-strategy (sic) is to protect the United States own network security. Summary of the
new offensive cyber-strategy stipulates that the Department of Defense must destroy the
internal network Attacker based upon the background evidence. The second cyber-strategy
31
“ Press release on signing the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the People's Republic of
China on Cooperation to Ensure International Information Security”. 897-08-05-2015”. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation.
(2015). (Internet). Accessed: http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/0/EDC236DC70D18CA443257E440060B11B

(sic)is to counter a major cyberattack. Once the US military counter-attack, we must make the
enemy "paralyzed." The new strategy that will strengthen the network-related intelligence
gathering capabilities attack, proposed to further cooperation with US allies in the Asia-Pacific
region, increased military options in cyberspace. The third is to deter a major cyberattack.
Increase in cyber-attacks is required to pay the cost, while the President to provide
comprehensive, involving all government agencies to fight back a variety of network solutions,
as well as diplomatic and military options to deter potential enemies.”32
China then views the United States Department of Defense further militarization of cyberspace
into a binary battlefield with abject disdain and perhaps even fear. The fear is borne of the fact
that the Pentagon has said that it will now indeed use kinetic force on nation states it proves
have hacked the United States infrastructure. The Chinese must be thinking that indeed the
America is hell-bent on attacking and invading every country, but then again the Communist
Chinese boys and girls must be chuckling as the acknowledge that the United Sates seems to be
at war with everyone already.
Interestingly the Chinese have also used America’s global war on terror logic against itself when
it comes to Chinese cyber-sovereignty. The Chinese, in November 2014, made statements
asking the United States to exhibit more respect for China’s cyber hegemony after the Chinese
had banned ceratin American technology products over fears of rampant cyber-surveillance by
32
“US Security Strategy released a new version cyber warfare offensive capabilities exposed SUMMARY Network -美军发布新版网络安全战略
概要露出网络战獠牙”. China Daily.com. (2015) . Internet. Accessed: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqgj/jryw/2015-04-
24/content_13597520.html

America’s National Security Agency. Chinese newspapers stated the popular voice very clearly;
“Respect the sovereignty of China’s network security”33
United States President Barack Obama openly criticized the new Chinese Cyber Security Bill
banning certain American technology companies stating that America will not do business with
China. China’s response was not very polite, on the one hand they expressed that they, the
Chinese had no respect for Obama’s opinions and on the other were more direct in their
criticism o f his meddling in Chinese internal affairs; “中方回应“奥巴马要求中国修改反恐法草
案”, China's Response to Obama is not very polite, Obama wants China to change anti-terror
laws.”34
China’s draft anti-terrorism law requires technology items to install "backdoor" and thus, “陸制
定反恐法歐巴馬開砲 - China Uses Obama's Logic Against Him in Drafting New Anti-Terror Law
Tied to Cyber Security”.35
In Summary, the People’s Republic of China has already undertaken numerous tactical and
strategic measures to successfully carry future cyber warfare.
33
“尊重网络主权维护网络安全. Kanka News. (2014). (Internet). Accessed: “http://domestic.kankanews.com/c/2014-11-
20/0045791297.shtml
34
“中方回应“奥巴马要求中国修改反恐法草案”China's Response to Obama is not very polite, Obama wants China to change anti-terror laws.”
Sohu News. (2015). (Internet). Accessed: http://news.sohu.com/20150303/n409307174.shtml
http://www.hngn.com/articles/74028/20150303/obama-criticizes-chinese-cybersecurity-bill-will-not-do-business-with-china-if-its-
passed.htm
35
“陸制定反恐法歐巴馬開砲”. China Times. (2015). (Internet). Accessed: http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20150304000113-
260203 http://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20150304000507-260102

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