The document discusses software testing, its objectives, and its importance. It uses an analogy to a driving test to explain software testing. Some key points made:
1) Testing helps find defects, provide confidence in quality, and prevent defects, similar to how a driving test evaluates a driver's skills.
2) Both static and dynamic testing provide information to improve the system and development/testing processes.
3) Over time, as processes improve, dynamic testing finds fewer defects while static testing finds more early on.
resume graham (2006) book FUNDAMENTALS OF TESTING
resume of Graham et al Foundationf of Software Testing (2006)
created by Fadhilla Elita information system class
resume graham (2006) book FUNDAMENTALS OF TESTING
resume of Graham et al Foundationf of Software Testing (2006)
created by Fadhilla Elita information system class
Most of the people might say that software test engineers do not write code. Testers normally need completely different skill set which could be a mix of Java, C, Ruby, and Python.
That is not all you require to be a successful tester. A tester requires having a good knowledge of the software manuals and automation tools.
Depending on the complexity of a project, a software testing engineer may write more complicated code than the developer.
It's a 1st Unit PPT of Subject Software Testing & Quality from the Book "Software Testing & Quality Assurance" by Kshirsagar Naik and Priyadarshi Tripathy
Looking to acquire a job as automation tester? You might be skilled however, you need to impress the interviewer first. Go through this obvious interview questions and make it possible
Negative testing is all about ensuring that a product or application under test does NOT fail when an unexpected input is being fed. The purpose of Negative testing is to break the system and to verify the application response during unintentional inputs.
Software development is a process of dividing Software project works into distinct phases to improve design, quality and user interface.
This process is also known as software development life cycle.
Phases of software development are same for all trades such as .NET, PHP, website designing, Odoo development, Android development etc.
Software testers and QA Engineers play a vital role in any firm. And with time and practice, they will be able to aim for higher positions and pay cheques. Here are the pros and cons of choosing Software testing as a career path.
TOPS Technologies offer Professional Software Testing Training in Ahmedabad.
Ahmedabad Office (C G Road)
903 Samedh Complex,
Next to Associated Petrol Pump,
CG Road,
Ahmedabad 380009.
http://www.tops-int.com/live-project-training-software-testing.html
Most experienced IT Training Institute in Ahmedabad known for providing software testing course as per Industry Standards and Requirement.
JIMS Vasant KunjII is the Top institute for BCA. JIMS is one of the Best BCA Colleges in Delhi which offers best placements in Top IT Companies in Delhi NCR. It is amongst the top A+ Category highest ranked colleges in Delhi, provides 3 years Regular Degree from UGC Approved University.
This unit of Software Testing is a part of BCA 5th sem syllabi.
Most of the people might say that software test engineers do not write code. Testers normally need completely different skill set which could be a mix of Java, C, Ruby, and Python.
That is not all you require to be a successful tester. A tester requires having a good knowledge of the software manuals and automation tools.
Depending on the complexity of a project, a software testing engineer may write more complicated code than the developer.
It's a 1st Unit PPT of Subject Software Testing & Quality from the Book "Software Testing & Quality Assurance" by Kshirsagar Naik and Priyadarshi Tripathy
Looking to acquire a job as automation tester? You might be skilled however, you need to impress the interviewer first. Go through this obvious interview questions and make it possible
Negative testing is all about ensuring that a product or application under test does NOT fail when an unexpected input is being fed. The purpose of Negative testing is to break the system and to verify the application response during unintentional inputs.
Software development is a process of dividing Software project works into distinct phases to improve design, quality and user interface.
This process is also known as software development life cycle.
Phases of software development are same for all trades such as .NET, PHP, website designing, Odoo development, Android development etc.
Software testers and QA Engineers play a vital role in any firm. And with time and practice, they will be able to aim for higher positions and pay cheques. Here are the pros and cons of choosing Software testing as a career path.
TOPS Technologies offer Professional Software Testing Training in Ahmedabad.
Ahmedabad Office (C G Road)
903 Samedh Complex,
Next to Associated Petrol Pump,
CG Road,
Ahmedabad 380009.
http://www.tops-int.com/live-project-training-software-testing.html
Most experienced IT Training Institute in Ahmedabad known for providing software testing course as per Industry Standards and Requirement.
JIMS Vasant KunjII is the Top institute for BCA. JIMS is one of the Best BCA Colleges in Delhi which offers best placements in Top IT Companies in Delhi NCR. It is amongst the top A+ Category highest ranked colleges in Delhi, provides 3 years Regular Degree from UGC Approved University.
This unit of Software Testing is a part of BCA 5th sem syllabi.
This paper describes the different techniques of testing the software. This paper explicitly addresses the idea for testability and the important thing is that the testing itself-not just by saying that testability is a desirable goal, but by showing how to do it. Software testing is the process we used to measure the quality of developed software. Software Testing is not just about error-finding and their solution but also about checking the client requirements and testing that those requirements are met by the software solution. It is the most important functional phase in the Software Development Life Cycle(SDLC) as it exhibits all mistakes, flaws and errors in the developed software. Without finding these errors, technically termed as ‘bugs,’ software development is not considered to be complete. Hence, software testing becomes an important parameter for assuring quality of the software product. We discuss here about when to start and when to stop the testing of software. How errors or Bugs are formed and rectified. How software testing is done i.e. with the help of Team Work.
Testing is the process of evaluating a system or its component(s) with the intent to find whether it satisfies the specified requirements or not. In simple words, testing is executing a system in order to identify any gaps, errors, or missing requirements in contrary to the actual requirements.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Competition and Regulation in Professional Services – KLEINER – June 2024 OEC...
Fundamentals of testing what is testing (reference graham et.al (2006))
1.
2. What Is Testing ?
Syllabus learning objectives for 1.2 What is testing?
1. Recall the common objectives of testing. (Kl)
2. Describe the purpose of testing in software development, maintenance and
operations as a means to find defects, provide confidence and infor mation,
and prevent defects. (K2)
In this section, we will review the common objectives of testing. We'll explain
how testing helps us to find defects, provide confidence and information, and
prevent defects. We will also introduce additional fundamental principles of
testing. As you read this section, you'll encounter the terms code, debugging,
development of software, requirement, review, test basis, test case, testing
and test objective.
3. Let's use an analogy to help us: driving tests. In a driving test, the examiner
critically assesses the candidate's driving, noting every mistake, large or small,
made by the driver under test. The examiner takes the driver through a route
which tests many possible driving activities, such as road junctions of different
types, control and maneuvering of the car, ability to stop safely in an
emergency, and awareness of the road, other road users and hazards. Some of
the activities must be tested. For example, in the UK, an emergency stop test is
always carried out, with the examiner simulating the moment of emergency by
hitting the dashboard at which point the driver must stop the car quickly,
safely and without loss of control.
The Driving Test - an Analogy
For Software Testing
4. At the end of the test, the examiner makes a judgment about the driver's
performance. Has the driver passed the test or failed? The examiner bases the
judgment on the number and severity of the failures identified, and also
whether the driver has been able to meet the driving requirements. A single
severe fault is enough to fail the whole test, but a small number of minor
faults might still mean the test is passed. Many minor faults would reduce the
confidence of the examiner in the quality —of the driving to the point where
the driver cannot pass.
The Driving Test - an Analogy
For Software Testing
5. Defining Software Testing
Let's break the definition down into parts; the definition has some key phrases
to remember. The definition starts with a description of testing as a process and
then lists some objectives of the test process. This is a suitable definition of testing
for any level of testing, from compo-nent testing through to acceptance testing,
provided that we remember to take the varying objectives of these different levels
of testing into account.
6. We can see that the software test is very like a driving test in many ways,
although of course it is not a perfect analogy! The driving examiner becomes the
software tester. The driver being examined becomes the system or software under
test, and you'll see as we go through this book that the same approach broadly
holds.
So, test activities exist before and after test execution. As a tester or test
manager, you will be involved in planning and control of the testing, choosing test
conditions, designing test cases based on those test conditions, executing them
and checking results, evaluating whether enough testing has been done by
Examining completion (or exit) criteria, reporting on the testing process and
system under test, and presenting test completion (or summary) reports.
Software Test and Driving Test Compared
7. We can use both dynamic testing and static testing as a means for
achieving similar test objectives. Both provide information to improve both
the system to be tested, and the development and testing processes. We
mentioned above that testing can have different goals and objectives, which
often include:
Finding defects;
Gaining confidence in and providing information about the level of quality;
preventing defects.
When Can We Meet Our Test Objectives ?
8. Reviewing defects and failures in order to improve processes allows us to
improve our testing and our requirements, design and development
processes. One phenomenon that many testers have observed is that defects
tend to cluster. This can happen because an area of the code is particularly
complex and tricky, or because changing software and other products tends to
cause knock-on defects. Testers will often use this information when making
their risk assessment for planning the tests, and will focus on known 'hot
spots'.
Focusing On Defects Can Help
Us Plan Our Tests
9. A main focus of reviews and other static tests is to carry out testing as early
as possible, finding and fixing defects more cheaply and preventing defects
from appearing at later stages of this project. These activities help us find out
about defects earlier and identify potential clusters. Additionally, an important
outcome of all testing is information that assists in risk assess-ment; these
reviews will contribute to the planning for the tests executed later in the
software development life cycle. We might also carry out root cause analysis to
prevent defects and failures happening again and perhaps to identify the
cause of clusters and potential future clusters.
Focusing On Defects Can Help
Us Plan Our Tests
10. Over time, as we improve our whole software development life cycle and
the early static testing, we may well find that dynamic test levels find fewer
defects. A typical test improvement initiative will initially find more defects as
the testing improves and then, as the defect prevention kicks in, we see the
defect numbers dropping. The first part of the improvement enables us to
reduce failures in operation; later the improve-ments are making us more
efficient and effective in producing the software with fewer defects in it.
The Defect Clusters Change Over Time
11. As the 'hot spots' for bugs get cleaned up we need to move our focus else-
where, to the next set of risks. Over time, our focus may change from finding
coding bugs, to looking at the requirements and design documents for
defects, and to looking for process improvements so that we prevent defects
in the product.
The Defect Clusters Change Over Time
12. When a test finds a defect that must be fixed, a programmer must do some
work to locate the defect in the code and make the fix. In this process, called
debug-ging, a programmer will examine the code for the immediate cause of the
problem, repair the code and check that the code now executes as expected. The
fix is often then tested separately (e.g. by an independent tester) to confirm the
fix. Notice that testing and debugging are different activities. Developers may test
their own fixes, in which case the very tight cycle of identifying faults, debugging,
and retesting is often loosely referred to as debugging. However, often following
the debugging cycle the fixed code is tested independently both to retest the fix
itself and to apply regression testing to the surrounding unchanged software.
Debugging Removes Defects
13. This principle arises from the theory of the process of scientific
experimenta-tion and has been adopted by testers; you'll see the idea in many
testing books. While you are not expected to read the scientific theory
[Popper] the analogy used in science is useful; however many white swans we
see, we cannot say 'All swans are white'. However, as soon as we see one black
swan we can say 'Not all swans are white'. In the same way, however many
tests we execute without finding a bug, we have not shown 'There are no
bugs'. As soon as we find a bug, we have shown 'This code is not bug-free'.
Is The Software Defect Free ?
14. There is another important principle we must consider; the customers for
soft-ware - the people and organizations who buy and use it to aid in their
day-to-day tasks - are not interested in defects or numbers of defects, except
when they are directly affected by the instability of the software. The people
using soft-ware are more interested in the software supporting them in
completing tasks efficiently and effectively. The software must meet their
needs. It is for this reason that the requirements and design defects we
discussed earlier are so important, and why reviews and inspections are such a
funda-mental part of the entire test activity.
If We Don’t Find Defects Does That Mean
The Users Will Accept The Software